Christian Schubert - Böcker

This book comprises nine papers approaching designed institutions and their interplay with spontaneous institutions from various angles. While the evolution of spontaneous institutions is quite well understood in economic thinking, the development of consciously designed institutions has been examined much less. In new institutional economics, public choice, and law and economics the interaction between changing preferences and spontaneously evolving institutions on the one hand and the evolution of designed institutions (as, e.g., legal systems) on the other hand has largely been ignored. A number of top class international contributors have been assembled to study this phenomenon including Viktor Vanberg, Bruno Frey, Elinor Ostrom and Francesco Parisi.

This book comprises nine papers approaching designed institutions and their interplay with spontaneous institutions from various angles. While the evolution of spontaneous institutions is quite well understood in economic thinking, the development of consciously designed institutions has been examined much less. In new institutional economics, public choice, and law and economics the interaction between changing preferences and spontaneously evolving institutions on the one hand and the evolution of designed institutions (as, e.g., legal systems) on the other hand has largely been ignored. A number of top class international contributors have been assembled to study this phenomenon including Viktor Vanberg, Bruno Frey, Elinor Ostrom and Francesco Parisi.

Keine ökonomische Ressource ist Gegenstand derart intensiver Regulierung wie das private Eigentum an Grund und Boden. Zugleich sind aber hier die Grenzen der Leistungsfähigkeit traditioneller rechtlicher Steuerungsmittel am deutlichsten geworden. Das Baurecht, welches die Nutzungsmöglichkeiten von Grundeigentum regelt, hat sich daher in den letzten Jahren zum Laboratorium für 'alternative' marktkonforme Rechtsinstrumente entwickelt. Christian Schubert untersucht das Potential der Rechtsökonomik, diese Neujustierung des Rechts anzuleiten. Seit den bahnbrechenden Arbeiten von Ronald Coase zählt die Regulierung von Nutzungskonflikten benachbarter Grundeigentümer zum zentralen Erkenntnisobjekt dieses Zweigs der Ökonomik. Coases Beiträge sind indes innerhalb eines konzeptionellen Rahmens entwickelt worden, der die Tatsache vernachlässigt, daß es sich beim Regelungsgegenstand um ein evolutorisches Phänomen handelt. Um diese Defizite zu überwinden, entwickelt der Autor das konzeptionelle Gerüst einer alternativen 'evolutionskompatiblen' Rechtsökonomik, die sozialvertragstheoretisch ausgerichtet ist. Er untersucht, welche 'Spielregeln' des urbanen Wandels allgemein zustimmungsfähig sind und mit welchen konstitutionellen Verfahren sich in möglichst systematischer Weise allgemein zustimmungsfähige Spielregeln generieren lassen. Als zentrales Problem einer solchen Rechtsökonomik schält sich die Frage heraus, wie das zur Regulierung des urbanen Wandels notwendige positive wie normative Lenkungswissen erzeugt und bereitgestellt werden kann. Ziel ist es, eine praktisch anwendbare rechtsökonomische Sozialtechnologie zu entwickeln, um die Reform rechtlicher Steuerungsmodi anleiten zu können.

This thesis presents recent developments in magnetic coupling phenomena of ferrimagnetic rare-earth transition-metal Tb-Fe alloys and coupled systems consisting of ferri-/ferromagnetic heterostructures. Taking advantage of the tunability of the exchange coupling between ferrimagnetic and ferromagnetic layers by means of stoichiometry of the Tb-Fe layer, the variable number of repetitions in the Co/Pt multilayer as well as the thickness of an interlayer spacer, it is demonstrated that large perpendicular unidirectional anisotropy can be induced at room temperature. This robust perpendicular exchange bias at room temperature opens up a path towards applications in spintronics.

This thesis presents recent developments in magnetic coupling phenomena of ferrimagnetic rare-earth transition-metal Tb-Fe alloys and coupled systems consisting of ferri-/ferromagnetic heterostructures. Taking advantage of the tunability of the exchange coupling between ferrimagnetic and ferromagnetic layers by means of stoichiometry of the Tb-Fe layer, the variable number of repetitions in the Co/Pt multilayer as well as the thickness of an interlayer spacer, it is demonstrated that large perpendicular unidirectional anisotropy can be induced at room temperature. This robust perpendicular exchange bias at room temperature opens up a path towards applications in spintronics.