David Boyce – författare

In the course of one's research, the expediency of meeting contractual and other externally imposed deadlines too often seems to take priority over what may be more significant research findings in the longer run. Such is the case with this volume which, despite our best intentions, has been put aside time and again since 1971 in favor of what seemed to be more urgent matters. Despite this delay, to our knowledge the principal research results and documentation presented here have not been superseded by other publications. The background of this endeavor may be of some historical interest, especially to those who agree that research is not a straightforward, mechanistic process whose outcome or even direction is known in ad­ vance. In the process of this brief recounting, we would like to express our gratitude to those individuals and organizations who facilitated and supported our efforts. We were introduced to the Beale, Kendall and Mann algorithm, the source of all our efforts, quite by chance. Professor Britton Harris suggested to me in April 1967 that I might like to attend a CEIR half-day seminar on optimal regression being given by Professor M. G. Kendall in Washington. D. C. I agreed that the topic seemed interesting and went along. Had it not been for Harris' suggestion and financial support, this work almost certainly would have never begun.

In 1989, after several years of discussion and negotiation, the Regional Econornics Applications Laboratory (REAL) was formed. This unique relationship between the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign has been a significant source of intellectual inspiration for many students, visiting colleagues and members of the participating institutions for the past decade. The idea for REAL was hatched by Philip Israilevich and Geoffrey Hewings in typical Chicago style - in the back room of a local bar. In early December 1997, their collaboration came to an untimely end when Philip died after a three-year battle with cancer. The challenge of moving across a spectrum from theory to model development to implementation and interpretation provided the underlying motivation for REAL's formation together with an equally important component, namely the translation of many of these efforts into a form that could be understood and implemented by policy­ makers. For Philip, REAL and the Regional Science Association International provided the forums for his intellectual endeavors, although he also contributed many papers in banking. In recognition of his contributions and to provide a sense of the current research in the fields in which he published, many of the authors of these chapters assembled in Chicago in November, 1998 to participate in a small seminar in his honor. Several others who were not able to come nevertheless contributed chapters to this volume. Subsequently, all of the papers have been revised and updated.

In 1989, after several years of discussion and negotiation, the Regional Econornics Applications Laboratory (REAL) was formed. This unique relationship between the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign has been a significant source of intellectual inspiration for many students, visiting colleagues and members of the participating institutions for the past decade. The idea for REAL was hatched by Philip Israilevich and Geoffrey Hewings in typical Chicago style - in the back room of a local bar. In early December 1997, their collaboration came to an untimely end when Philip died after a three-year battle with cancer. The challenge of moving across a spectrum from theory to model development to implementation and interpretation provided the underlying motivation for REAL's formation together with an equally important component, namely the translation of many of these efforts into a form that could be understood and implemented by policy­ makers. For Philip, REAL and the Regional Science Association International provided the forums for his intellectual endeavors, although he also contributed many papers in banking. In recognition of his contributions and to provide a sense of the current research in the fields in which he published, many of the authors of these chapters assembled in Chicago in November, 1998 to participate in a small seminar in his honor. Several others who were not able to come nevertheless contributed chapters to this volume. Subsequently, all of the papers have been revised and updated.

In the course of one''s research, the expediency of meeting contractual and other externally imposed deadlines too often seems to take priority over what may be more significant research findings in the longer run. Such is the case with this volume which, despite our best intentions, has been put aside time and again since 1971 in favor of what seemed to be more urgent matters. Despite this delay, to our knowledge the principal research results and documentation presented here have not been superseded by other publications. The background of this endeavor may be of some historical interest, especially to those who agree that research is not a straightforward, mechanistic process whose outcome or even direction is known in ad­ vance. In the process of this brief recounting, we would like to express our gratitude to those individuals and organizations who facilitated and supported our efforts. We were introduced to the Beale, Kendall and Mann algorithm, the source of all our efforts, quite by chance. Professor Britton Harris suggested to me in April 1967 that I might like to attend a CEIR half-day seminar on optimal regression being given by Professor M. G. Kendall in Washington. D. C. I agreed that the topic seemed interesting and went along. Had it not been for Harris'' suggestion and financial support, this work almost certainly would have never begun.

Regional science, as an integrating discipline for many scientific analyses concerning the element of space, has a remarkable record of achievements in both breadth and depth. The great many scientific journals in this field and the large number of regional science books mirror the appeal of this discipline, in both the developed and the developing world. The scientific organization in this area, the Regional Science Association International, is organizing a world conference every four years. The 1989 Regional Science World Conference was held in an interesting setting, viz. kibbutz Ramat Rachel on the outskirts of Jerusalem. The organization of this meeting was undertaken by the Israeli Section of the Regional Science Association, under the supervision of Professor Rafi Bar-EI (Development Study Center, Rehovoth). The meeting turned out to be a great success and provided an extremely interesting cross-section of new developments in the area of regional science. It was decided afterward to publish a set of representative papers from this meeting in one volume. The present book brings together these papers, which were duly selected after a careful screening and refereeing process. The editors wish to thank all referees for their willingness to assist them in the task of producing this volume. Many thanks also go to Rita Hittema for her skillful copy-editing and word­ processing of the manuscript.

Regional science, as an integrating discipline for many scientific analyses concerning the element of space, has a remarkable record of achievements in both breadth and depth. The great many scientific journals in this field and the large number of regional science books mirror the appeal of this discipline, in both the developed and the developing world. The scientific organization in this area, the Regional Science Association International, is organizing a world conference every four years. The 1989 Regional Science World Conference was held in an interesting setting, viz. kibbutz Ramat Rachel on the outskirts of Jerusalem. The organization of this meeting was undertaken by the Israeli Section of the Regional Science Association, under the supervision of Professor Rafi Bar-EI (Development Study Center, Rehovoth). The meeting turned out to be a great success and provided an extremely interesting cross-section of new developments in the area of regional science. It was decided afterward to publish a set of representative papers from this meeting in one volume. The present book brings together these papers, which were duly selected after a careful screening and refereeing process. The editors wish to thank all referees for their willingness to assist them in the task of producing this volume. Many thanks also go to Rita Hittema for her skillful copy-editing and word­ processing of the manuscript.

This book seeks to summarize our recent progress in dynamic trans­ portation network modeling. It concentrates on ideal dynamic network models based on actual travel times and their corresponding solution algorithms. In contrast, our first book DynamIc Urban Transportation Network Models - The­ ory and Implications for Intelligent Vehicle-Hzghway Systems (Springer-Verlag, 1994) focused on instantaneous dynamic network models. Comparing the two books, the major differences can be summarized as follows: 1. This book uses the variational inequality problem as the basic formulation approach and considers the optimal control problem as a subproblem for solution purposes. The former book used optimal control theory as the basic formulation approach, which caused critical problems in some circumstances. 2. This book focuses on ideal dynamic network models based on actual travel times. The former book focused on instantaneous dynamic network models based on currently prevailing travel times. 3. This book formulates a stochastic dynamic route choice model which can utilize any possible route choice distribution function instead of only the logit function. 4. This book reformulates the bilevel problem of combined departure time/ route choice as a one-level variational inequality. 5. Finally, a set of problems is provided for classroom use. In addition, this book offers comprehensive insights into the complexity and challenge of applying these dynamic network models to Intelligent Trans­ portation Systems (ITS). Nevertheless, the models in this text are not yet fully evaluated and are subject to revision based on future research.

This book seeks to summarize our recent progress in dynamic trans­ portation network modeling. It concentrates on ideal dynamic network models based on actual travel times and their corresponding solution algorithms. In contrast, our first book DynamIc Urban Transportation Network Models - The­ ory and Implications for Intelligent Vehicle-Hzghway Systems (Springer-Verlag, 1994) focused on instantaneous dynamic network models. Comparing the two books, the major differences can be summarized as follows: 1. This book uses the variational inequality problem as the basic formulation approach and considers the optimal control problem as a subproblem for solution purposes. The former book used optimal control theory as the basic formulation approach, which caused critical problems in some circumstances. 2. This book focuses on ideal dynamic network models based on actual travel times. The former book focused on instantaneous dynamic network models based on currently prevailing travel times. 3. This book formulates a stochastic dynamic route choice model which can utilize any possible route choice distribution function instead of only the logit function. 4. This book reformulates the bilevel problem of combined departure time/ route choice as a one-level variational inequality. 5. Finally, a set of problems is provided for classroom use. In addition, this book offers comprehensive insights into the complexity and challenge of applying these dynamic network models to Intelligent Trans­ portation Systems (ITS). Nevertheless, the models in this text are not yet fully evaluated and are subject to revision based on future research.

Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems are providing a welcome stimulus to research on dynamic urban transportation network models. This book presents a new generation of models for solving dynamic travel choice problems including traveler''s destination choice, mode choice, departure/arrival time choice and route choice. These models are expected to function as off-line travel forecasting and evaluation tools, and eventually as on-line prediction and control models in advanced traveler information and traffic management systems. In addition to a rich set of new formulations and solution algorithms, the book provides a summary of the necessary mathematical background and concludes with a discussion of the requirements for model implementation.