David M. Smith – författare

The area comprising what became the counties of Cumberland and Westmorland was long disputed, both politically and ecclesiastically, between the English and Scottish kingdoms. The bishopric of Carlisle was the last see in England to be created before the Reformation changes of the 1540s. This latest volume in the English Episcopal Acta series brings together for the first time an edition of all the surviving charters issued by bishops of Carlisle from 1133 until the death of Bishop Ralph de Ireton in 1292. The extant charters provide great insights into the episcopal administration of this border bishopric for the first 150 years of the see's existence. The introduction provides an account of the diocese, the bishops and their households, discussion of the diplomatic aspects and style of the surviving charters and the episcopal seals. Offering fresh insights into this formative period of English history, this volume will be of interest to scholars and students of ecclesiastical, medieval and local history.

Apartheid as legislated racial separation substantially changed the South African urban scene. Race group areas' remodelled the cities, while the creation of homelands', mini-states and the pass laws' controlling population migration constrained urbanization itself. In the mid-1980s the old system - having proved economically inefficient and politically divisive - was replaced by a new policy of orderly urbanization'. This sought to accelerate industrialization and cultural change by relaxing the constraints on urbanization imposed by state planning. The result was further political instability and a quarter of the black (or African) population housed in shanty towns. Negotiations between the Nationalist government and the African National Congress are working towards the end of the old apartheid system. Yet the negation of apartheid is only the beginning of the creation of a new society. The vested interests and entrenched ideologies behind the existing pattern of property ownership survive the abolition of apartheid laws. Beyond race, class and ethnicity will continue to divide urban life. If the cities of South Africa are to serve all the people, the accelerating process of urbanization must be brought under control and harnessed to a new purpose. The contributors to this volume draw on a broad range of experience and disciplines to present a variety of perspectives on urban South Africa.

Apartheid as legislated racial separation substantially changed the South African urban scene. Race group areas' remodelled the cities, while the creation of homelands', mini-states and the pass laws' controlling population migration constrained urbanization itself. In the mid-1980s the old system - having proved economically inefficient and politically divisive - was replaced by a new policy of orderly urbanization'. This sought to accelerate industrialization and cultural change by relaxing the constraints on urbanization imposed by state planning. The result was further political instability and a quarter of the black (or African) population housed in shanty towns. Negotiations between the Nationalist government and the African National Congress are working towards the end of the old apartheid system. Yet the negation of apartheid is only the beginning of the creation of a new society. The vested interests and entrenched ideologies behind the existing pattern of property ownership survive the abolition of apartheid laws. Beyond race, class and ethnicity will continue to divide urban life. If the cities of South Africa are to serve all the people, the accelerating process of urbanization must be brought under control and harnessed to a new purpose. The contributors to this volume draw on a broad range of experience and disciplines to present a variety of perspectives on urban South Africa.

This book represents a landmark exploration of the common terrain of geography and ethics. Drawing together specially commissioned contributions from distinguished geographers across the UK, North America and Australasia, the place of geography in ethics and of ethics in geography is examined through wide-ranging, thematic chapters.Geography and Ethics is divided into four sections for discussion and exploration of ideas: Ethics and Space; Ethics and Place; Ethics and Nature and Ethics and knowledge, all of which point to the rich interplay between geography and moral philosophy or ethics.

This book represents a landmark exploration of the common terrain of geography and ethics. Drawing together specially commissioned contributions from distinguished geographers across the UK, North America and Australasia, the place of geography in ethics and of ethics in geography is examined through wide-ranging, thematic chapters.Geography and Ethics is divided into four sections for discussion and exploration of ideas: Ethics and Space; Ethics and Place; Ethics and Nature and Ethics and knowledge, all of which point to the rich interplay between geography and moral philosophy or ethics.

This book is a continuation of The Heads of Religious Houses: England and Wales 940-1216, edited by David Knowles, C. N. L. Brooke and Vera London, which itself is reissued with substantial addenda by Professor Brooke. This present volume continues the lists from 1216 to 1377. In this period further record sources have been provided by episcopal registers, governmental enrolments, court records, and so on. Full references are given for establishing the dates and outline of the career of each abbot or prior, abbess or prioress, when known. The lists are arranged by order: the Benedictine houses (independent, dependencies and alien priories); the Cluniacs; the Grandmontines; the Cistercians; the Carthusians; the Augustinian canons; the Premonstratensians; the Gilbertine order; the Trinitarian houses; the Bonhommes; and the nuns. An introduction discusses the nature, use and history of the lists and examines critically the sources on which they are based.

This final volume of the Heads of Religious Houses: England and Wales series takes the lists of monastic superiors from 1377 to the dissolution of the monastic houses ending in 1540 and so concludes a reference work covering six hundred years of monastic history. In addition to surviving monastic archives, record sources have also been provided by episcopal and papal registers, governmental archives, court records, private, family and estate collections. Full references are given for establishing the dates and outline of the career of each abbot or prior, abbess or prioress, when known. The lists are arranged by order: the Benedictine houses; the Cluniacs; the Grandmontines; the Cistercians; the Carthusians; the Augustinian canons; the Premonstratensians; the Gilbertine order; the Trinitarian houses; the Bonhommes; and the nuns. An introduction discusses the use and history of the lists and examines critically the sources on which they are based.

This book is a continuation of The Heads of Religious Houses: England and Wales 940-1216, edited by David Knowles, C. N. L. Brooke and Vera London, which itself is reissued with substantial addenda by Professor Brooke. This present volume continues the lists from 1216 to 1377. In this period further record sources have been provided by episcopal registers, governmental enrolments, court records, and so on. Full references are given for establishing the dates and outline of the career of each abbot or prior, abbess or prioress, when known. The lists are arranged by order: the Benedictine houses (independent, dependencies and alien priories); the Cluniacs; the Grandmontines; the Cistercians; the Carthusians; the Augustinian canons; the Premonstratensians; the Gilbertine order; the Trinitarian houses; the Bonhommes; and the nuns. An introduction discusses the nature, use and history of the lists and examines critically the sources on which they are based.

This final volume of the Heads of Religious Houses: England and Wales series takes the lists of monastic superiors from 1377 to the dissolution of the monastic houses ending in 1540 and so concludes a reference work covering six hundred years of monastic history. In addition to surviving monastic archives, record sources have also been provided by episcopal and papal registers, governmental archives, court records, private, family and estate collections. Full references are given for establishing the dates and outline of the career of each abbot or prior, abbess or prioress, when known. The lists are arranged by order: the Benedictine houses; the Cluniacs; the Grandmontines; the Cistercians; the Carthusians; the Augustinian canons; the Premonstratensians; the Gilbertine order; the Trinitarian houses; the Bonhommes; and the nuns. An introduction discusses the use and history of the lists and examines critically the sources on which they are based.

Human geography - cultural, economic, political, and social - is inherently concerned with social justice and injustice. So also are the associated fields of urban and regional analysis and planning: being born in one country, region or one part of a particular city many, for example, be the single most important factor in an individual's health, education, and longevity. It is clear that in every nation, including present and former socialist societies, wealth and privilege are unevenly divided. But would an equal division of resources really be preferable from a moral point of view? Is it even possible to propound universal prescriptions of what is socially just? or to talk about universal rights in a world in which different kinds of people (according to class, gender, race, and religion) are treated so differently in different places?Such questions are far from simple. In this book David Smith, one of the world's leading geographical thinkers, throws incisive light upon them. He proceeds first by providing a critical and accessible review of relevant issues in social and moral philosophy, in particular the contrasting claims of different theories of social justice, and the nature of rights and needs. He examines John Rawls's proposition that inequality can be justified to the extent that it benefits the worst-off; and he considers how far justice may or should be seen as a process for equalization or of returning to equality, in the face of persistent and widespread inequality. The author then applied theoretical perspectives to case studies. These are based on his own first-hand research, and cover racial injustice in the American South, inequality under socialism and its aftermath in eastern Europe, and the porspects for social justice in post-apartheid South Africa. David Smith examines the plight of those peoples who have no secure place or defined territory, focussing on the conflicting claims of the Palestinians and the Israelis. Finally he draws together elements of theory and experience to present trenchantly argued conclusions on the justice of market-led society, the ends of egalitarianism, and the universality of just principles. By both precept and example he shows the central contribution that geographers can make to the understanding of social justice in a complex and rapidly changing world.

This book explores the interface between geography, ethics and morality. It considers questions that have haunted the past, are subjects of controversy in the present, and which affect the future. Does distance diminish responsibility? Should we interfere with the lives of those we do not know? Is there a distinction between private and public space? Which values and morals, if any, are absolute, and which cultural, communal or personal? And are universal rights consistent with respect for difference? David Smith shows how these questions play themselves out in politics, planning, development, social and personal relations, the exploitation of resources, and competition for territory. After introducing the essential elements of moral philosophy from Plato to postmodernism, he examines the moral significance of concepts of landscape, location and place, proximity, distance and community, space and territory, justice, and nature. He is concerned above all with the morality people practice, to see how this varies according to geographical context, and to assess the inevitability of its outcomes. His argument is seamlessly interwoven with everyday observation and vividly described case studies: the latter include genocide and rescue during the Holocaust, the conflicts over space between Israeland Palestine and within Israel itself, and the social tensions and aspirations in post-apartheid South Africa. The meaning, possibility and limits of social justice lie at the heart of the book. That geographical context is vital to the understanding of moral practice and ethical theory is its central proposition. The book is clearly and engagingly written. The author has a student readership in mind, but his book will appeal widely to geographers and others involved in planning, development, politics, social theory, and the analysis of the contemporary world.

The diocese of Lincoln was the largest in medieval England, extending over nine counties, and the early thirteenth century saw considerable development in episcopal government and evident concern over Church reform in the aftermath of the Fourth Lateran Council of 1215. Hugh of Wells brought to his diocese his experience as a royal official in the chancery of King John, and his tenure of the see was marked by transition and innovation, with particular emphasis on pastoral responsibilities at local level. This edition of his collected acta - over 450 - assembled from cathedral, monastic, and governmental archives, supplements the surviving summary enrolments and reveals Hughas an active and innovative diocesan at an important point in the history of the English Church.DAVID M. SMITH is Director of the Borthwick Institute of Historical Research, University of York.

Originally published in 1982, this book covers the unique spatial structure of society which was South Africa under apartheid. It brings together a cohesive set of research-based contributions to the understanding of this system which was without contemporary parallels. The book considers issues such as industrial location and migrant labour at a national scale. The case studies, which are fully illustrated, deal with problems associated with work and housing for blacks, set in the 3 major metropolitan areas of Cape Town, the Witwatersrand and Durban. Of particular importance is the emphasis given to so-called ‘spontaneous’ (or ‘squatter’) settlement and to informal-sector work for blacks in the emerging apartheid city – something which links directly with central issues of development studies.

Originally published in 1982, this book covers the unique spatial structure of society which was South Africa under apartheid. It brings together a cohesive set of research-based contributions to the understanding of this system which was without contemporary parallels. The book considers issues such as industrial location and migrant labour at a national scale. The case studies, which are fully illustrated, deal with problems associated with work and housing for blacks, set in the 3 major metropolitan areas of Cape Town, the Witwatersrand and Durban. Of particular importance is the emphasis given to so-called ‘spontaneous’ (or ‘squatter’) settlement and to informal-sector work for blacks in the emerging apartheid city – something which links directly with central issues of development studies.

This specially commissioned volume of original essays, first published in 1990, provides a unique view of conflict, territorial behaviour and reconciliation between groups – social, racial, religious and nationalist – within states in both the developed and the developing worlds. The volume as a whole shows the wide range of geographical solutions which have been adopted in attempts to limit conflict and foster stability. This title underlines the importance of a geographical perspective on intergroup conflict and reconciliation, and provides a broad range of real-world experience in carefully chosen case studies. Shared Space: Divided Space will be of interest students of the social sciences as well as to general readers, who will find this title to be accessible and authoritative.

This specially commissioned volume of original essays, first published in 1990, provides a unique view of conflict, territorial behaviour and reconciliation between groups – social, racial, religious and nationalist – within states in both the developed and the developing worlds. The volume as a whole shows the wide range of geographical solutions which have been adopted in attempts to limit conflict and foster stability. This title underlines the importance of a geographical perspective on intergroup conflict and reconciliation, and provides a broad range of real-world experience in carefully chosen case studies. Shared Space: Divided Space will be of interest students of the social sciences as well as to general readers, who will find this title to be accessible and authoritative.

Now in its 7th Edition, ESSENTIALS OF PHARMACOLOGY FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONS is the best-selling resource for those preparing for licensed practical nursing, medical assisting, and other allied health careers. Clear, concise writing focused on "need to know" drug information gives readers the confidence to master pharmacology. Learn calculations quickly through a simplified step-by-step process. Part I chapters center on basic pharmacologic principles. Medication preparation, supplies, and specific information on each route of administration is covered. Administration checklists allow the learner to put the knowledge into practice. . Part II chapters organize drugs by classifications, and includes purpose, side effects, cautions, interactions, and contraindications. Patient education is highlighted for each category. Reference tables with each classification list the most commonly prescribed drugs according to generic and trade names, with dosage and available forms. The complete pharmacology resource for allied health professionals at every experience level, ESSENTIALS OF PHARMACOLOGY FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONS, 7th Edition also makes a great refresher and on-the-job reference.

Please note this title is suitable for any student studying: Exam Board: International Baccalaureate Level and subject: Diploma Programme History First teaching: 2026 First exams: 2028 Developed in cooperation with the IB, Oxford's DP History resources are fully aligned with the latest syllabus for first teaching in 2026, offering comprehensive support for Paper 2. Engage learners with in-depth coverage of relevant historical examples, helping students build a strong foundation of contextual knowledge and analytical insight across their thematic study.

Please note this title is suitable for any student studying: Exam Board: International Baccalaureate Level and subject: Diploma Programme History (HL) First teaching: 2026 First exams: 2028 Comprehensively updated for the DP History first teaching 2026 subject guide, and developed in cooperation with the IB, this resource supports Higher Level (HL) learners in building evaluative thinking and deep historical insight through comprehensive regional content, ATL skill development, and exam-style practice.

This topical book addresses contemporary concern with the interconnections between geography and morality. Covers both the geographical context of morality, and moralities in geographical methods and practices. Contains up-to-date case studies based on original research. Deals with controversial issues, such as problems of globalization, European integration, human rights in Nigeria, territorial conflict in Israel, and land reform in post-apartheid South Africa. The editors are well-published leading international authorities. The contributors are drawn from Australia, Eastern Europe, Israel, South Africa, the UK and the US.

This topical book addresses contemporary concern with the interconnections between geography and morality. Covers both the geographical context of morality, and moralities in geographical methods and practices. Contains up-to-date case studies based on original research. Deals with controversial issues, such as problems of globalization, European integration, human rights in Nigeria, territorial conflict in Israel, and land reform in post-apartheid South Africa. The editors are well-published leading international authorities. The contributors are drawn from Australia, Eastern Europe, Israel, South Africa, the UK and the US.

Combining historical and policy study with empirical research from a qualitative study of regional elites this book offers an original and timely insight into the progress of devolution of governance in England. With particular interest in how governments have tried and continue to engage English people in sub-national democratic processes while dealing with the realities of governance it uses in-depth interviews with key figures from three English regions to get the ’inside view’ of how these processes are seen by the regional and local political, administrative, business and voluntary sector elites who have to make policies work in practice. Tracing the development of decentralisation policies through regional policies up to and including the general election in 2010 and the radical shift away from regionalism to localism by the new Coalition Government thereafter the authors look in detail at some of the key policies of the incumbent Coalition Government such as City Regions and Localism and their implementation. Finally they consider the implications of the existing situation and speculate on possible issues for the future.

This original and timely text is the first published research from the UK to address the neglected topic of the increasing (and largely enforced) settlement of Gypsies and Travellers in conventional housing. It highlights the complex and emergent tensions and dynamics inherent when policy and popular discourse combine to frame ethnic populations within a narrative of movement. The authors have extensive knowledge of the communities and experience as policy practitioners and researchers and consider the changing culture and dynamics experienced by ethnic Gypsies and Travellers. They explore the gendered social, health and economic impacts of settlement and demonstrate the tenacity of cultural formations and their adaptability in the face of policy-driven constraints that are antithetical to traditional lifestyles. The groundbreaking book is essential reading for policy makers; professionals and practitioners working with housed Gypsies and Travellers. It will also be of interest to sociologists, anthropologists, social policy and housing specialists and anybody interested in the experiences and responses of marginalized communities in urban and rural settings. Royalties for this book are to be divided equally between the Gypsy Council and Travellers Aid Trust.