Faye S. Taxman - Böcker

This volume addresses major issues and research in corrections and sentencing with the goal of using previous research and findings as a platform for recommendations about future research, evaluation, and policy.The last several decades witnessed major policy changes in sentencing and corrections in the United States, as well as considerable research to identify the most effective strategies for addressing criminal behavior. These efforts included changes in sentencing that eliminated parole and imposed draconian sentences for violent and drug crimes. The federal government, followed by most states, implemented sentencing guidelines that greatly reduced the discretion of the courts to impose sentences. The results were a multifold increase in the numbers of individuals in jails and prisons and on community supervision—increases that have only recently crested. There were also efforts to engage prosecutors and the courts in diversion and oversight, including the development of prosecutorial diversion programs, as well as a variety of specialty courts. Penal reform has included efforts to understand the transitions from prison to the community, including federal-led efforts focused on reentry programming. Community corrections reforms have ranged from increased surveillance through drug testing, electronic monitoring, and in some cases, judicial oversight, to rehabilitative efforts driven by risk and needs assessment. More recently, the focus has included pretrial reform to reduce the number of people held in jail pending trial, efforts that have brought attention to the use of bail and its disproportionate impact on people of color and the poor. This collection of chapters from leading researchers addresses a wide array of the latest research in the field. A unique approach featuring responses to the original essays by active researchers spurs discussion and provides a foundation for developing directions for future research and policymaking.

This volume addresses major issues and research in corrections and sentencing with the goal of using previous research and findings as a platform for recommendations about future research, evaluation, and policy.The last several decades witnessed major policy changes in sentencing and corrections in the United States, as well as considerable research to identify the most effective strategies for addressing criminal behavior. These efforts included changes in sentencing that eliminated parole and imposed draconian sentences for violent and drug crimes. The federal government, followed by most states, implemented sentencing guidelines that greatly reduced the discretion of the courts to impose sentences. The results were a multifold increase in the numbers of individuals in jails and prisons and on community supervision—increases that have only recently crested. There were also efforts to engage prosecutors and the courts in diversion and oversight, including the development of prosecutorial diversion programs, as well as a variety of specialty courts. Penal reform has included efforts to understand the transitions from prison to the community, including federal-led efforts focused on reentry programming. Community corrections reforms have ranged from increased surveillance through drug testing, electronic monitoring, and in some cases, judicial oversight, to rehabilitative efforts driven by risk and needs assessment. More recently, the focus has included pretrial reform to reduce the number of people held in jail pending trial, efforts that have brought attention to the use of bail and its disproportionate impact on people of color and the poor. This collection of chapters from leading researchers addresses a wide array of the latest research in the field. A unique approach featuring responses to the original essays by active researchers spurs discussion and provides a foundation for developing directions for future research and policymaking.

The Routledge Handbook on Global Community Corrections assesses and analyzes the status of community corrections systems around the world, highlighting inter-regional and intra-regional variations in their design, implementation, and impact on policy and practice. Covering both probation and parole, this handbook brings together leading international experts to examine the myriad of systems developed under the broad heading of community corrections to manage community corrections populations at the pre-adjudication, adjudication, and post-release stages. Chapters are designed to consider the following questions:How many offenders are placed in community corrections systems around the globe?What are the key design features of these community corrections systems?What do we know about the effectiveness of community corrections within and across global regions?This is an essential reference text for all those engaged with community corrections, probation, and post-release policy in criminal justice.

The Routledge Handbook on Global Community Corrections assesses and analyzes the status of community corrections systems around the world, highlighting inter-regional and intra-regional variations in their design, implementation, and impact on policy and practice. Covering both probation and parole, this handbook brings together leading international experts to examine the myriad of systems developed under the broad heading of community corrections to manage community corrections populations at the pre-adjudication, adjudication, and post-release stages. Chapters are designed to consider the following questions:How many offenders are placed in community corrections systems around the globe?What are the key design features of these community corrections systems?What do we know about the effectiveness of community corrections within and across global regions?This is an essential reference text for all those engaged with community corrections, probation, and post-release policy in criminal justice.

Justice-involved veterans face a number of challenges in the criminal-legal system, including receiving the proper care and treatment for trauma experienced during their service to the nation. This book examines novel approaches to care for veterans and identifies some of the barriers they face. One strategy toward ameliorating these challenges was the formation of specialized Veterans Treatment Courts (VTC) in 2008. Now numbering well over 600 courts nationwide, VTCs streamline the justice process and provide the necessary structure, services, and support to address the underlying issues behind their offending behaviors. The project upon which this volume is based involved in-depth interviews with 145 stakeholders in 20 geographically dispersed and characteristically unique VTCs in the United States. Interviewees included judges, court coordinators, prosecutors, treatment providers, defense counsel, probation officers, and others working as coordinated teams to provide a network of care enabling the justice-involved veterans to address their specific criminogenic needs and to promote behaviors resulting in subsequent desistence from crime. In addition to the voices of those working daily in the specialty court realm, the book also includes chapters on an issue that was broached often during semi-structured interviews: military sexual assault. Survivors of sexual abuse in the military report substantial trauma associated with in-service victimization, and these final chapters shed light on the extent of military sexual assault and its impacts on veterans as they transition to civilian life.This book will be an invaluable resource for scholars, researchers and practitioners of law, criminology and criminal justice, public affairs and psychology. It was originally published as a special issue of Victims & Offenders.

Justice-involved veterans face a number of challenges in the criminal-legal system, including receiving the proper care and treatment for trauma experienced during their service to the nation. This book examines novel approaches to care for veterans and identifies some of the barriers they face. One strategy toward ameliorating these challenges was the formation of specialized Veterans Treatment Courts (VTC) in 2008. Now numbering well over 600 courts nationwide, VTCs streamline the justice process and provide the necessary structure, services, and support to address the underlying issues behind their offending behaviors. The project upon which this volume is based involved in-depth interviews with 145 stakeholders in 20 geographically dispersed and characteristically unique VTCs in the United States. Interviewees included judges, court coordinators, prosecutors, treatment providers, defense counsel, probation officers, and others working as coordinated teams to provide a network of care enabling the justice-involved veterans to address their specific criminogenic needs and to promote behaviors resulting in subsequent desistence from crime. In addition to the voices of those working daily in the specialty court realm, the book also includes chapters on an issue that was broached often during semi-structured interviews: military sexual assault. Survivors of sexual abuse in the military report substantial trauma associated with in-service victimization, and these final chapters shed light on the extent of military sexual assault and its impacts on veterans as they transition to civilian life.This book will be an invaluable resource for scholars, researchers and practitioners of law, criminology and criminal justice, public affairs and psychology. It was originally published as a special issue of Victims & Offenders.

All the world’s criminal justice systems need to undertake direct work with people who have come into their care or are under their supervision as a result of criminal offences. Typically, this is organized in penal and correctional services – in custody in prisons, or in the community, supervised by services such as probation. Bringing together international experts, this book is the go-to source for students, researchers, and practitioners in criminal justice, looking for a comprehensive and authoritative summary of available knowledge in the field.Covering a variety of contexts, settings, needs, and approaches, and drawing on theory and practice, this Companion brings together over 90 entries, offering readers concise and definitive overviews of a range of key contemporary issues on working with offenders. The book is split into thematic sections and includes coverage of: Theories and models for working with offenders Policy contexts of offender supervision and rehabilitation Direct work with offenders Control, surveillance, and practice Resettlement Application to specific groups, including female offenders, young offenders, families, and ethnic minorities Application to specific needs and contexts, such as substance misuse, mental health, violence, and risk assessment Practitioner and offender perspectives The development of an evidence baseThis book is an essential and flexible resource for researchers and practitioners alike and is an authoritative guide for students taking courses on working with offenders, criminal justice policy, probation, prisons, penology, and community corrections.

All the world’s criminal justice systems need to undertake direct work with people who have come into their care or are under their supervision as a result of criminal offences. Typically, this is organized in penal and correctional services – in custody in prisons, or in the community, supervised by services such as probation. Bringing together international experts, this book is the go-to source for students, researchers, and practitioners in criminal justice, looking for a comprehensive and authoritative summary of available knowledge in the field.Covering a variety of contexts, settings, needs, and approaches, and drawing on theory and practice, this Companion brings together over 90 entries, offering readers concise and definitive overviews of a range of key contemporary issues on working with offenders. The book is split into thematic sections and includes coverage of: Theories and models for working with offenders Policy contexts of offender supervision and rehabilitation Direct work with offenders Control, surveillance, and practice Resettlement Application to specific groups, including female offenders, young offenders, families, and ethnic minorities Application to specific needs and contexts, such as substance misuse, mental health, violence, and risk assessment Practitioner and offender perspectives The development of an evidence baseThis book is an essential and flexible resource for researchers and practitioners alike and is an authoritative guide for students taking courses on working with offenders, criminal justice policy, probation, prisons, penology, and community corrections.

Community corrections programs are emerging as an effective alternative to incarceration for drug-involved offenders, to reduce recidivism and improve public health and public safety.  Since evidence-based practice is gaining recognition as a success factor in both community systems and substance abuse treatment, a merger of the two seems logical and desirable. But integrating evidence-based addiction treatment into community corrections is no small feat—costs, personnel decisions, and effective, appropriate interventions are all critical considerations. Featuring the first model of implementation strategies linking these fields, Implementing Evidence-Based Practices in Community Corrections and Addiction Treatment sets out criteria for identifying practices and programs as evidence. The book’s detailed blueprint is based on extensive research into organizational factors (e.g., management buy-in) and external forces (e.g., funding, resources) with the most impact on the adoption of evidence-based practices, and implementation issues ranging from skill building to quality control. With this knowledge, organizations can set realistic, attainable goals and achieve treatment outcomes that reflect the evidence base.  Included in the coverage:Determining evidence for “what works.”Organization change and technology transfer: theory and literature review.The current state of addiction treatment and community corrections.Unique challenges of evidence-based addiction treatment under community supervision.Assessing suitability of evidence-based practice in real-world settings.A conceptual model for implementing evidence-based treatment in community corrections. Implementing Evidence-Based Practices in Community Corrections and Addiction Treatment is a breakthrough volume for graduate- and postgraduate-level researchers incriminology, as well as policymakers and public health researchers.

This comprehensive work provides a central source of information and analysis on the current state of simulation modeling in criminal justice, an overview of existing techniques, as well as cases of success and directions for future development.

Community corrections programs are emerging as an effective alternative to incarceration for drug-involved offenders, to reduce recidivism and improve public health and public safety.  Since evidence-based practice is gaining recognition as a success factor in both community systems and substance abuse treatment, a merger of the two seems logical and desirable. But integrating evidence-based addiction treatment into community corrections is no small feat—costs, personnel decisions, and effective, appropriate interventions are all critical considerations. Featuring the first model of implementation strategies linking these fields, Implementing Evidence-Based Practices in Community Corrections and Addiction Treatment sets out criteria for identifying practices and programs as evidence. The book’s detailed blueprint is based on extensive research into organizational factors (e.g., management buy-in) and external forces (e.g., funding, resources) with the most impact on the adoption of evidence-based practices, and implementation issues ranging from skill building to quality control. With this knowledge, organizations can set realistic, attainable goals and achieve treatment outcomes that reflect the evidence base.  Included in the coverage:Determining evidence for “what works.”Organization change and technology transfer: theory and literature review.The current state of addiction treatment and community corrections.Unique challenges of evidence-based addiction treatment under community supervision.Assessing suitability of evidence-based practice in real-world settings.A conceptual model for implementing evidence-based treatment in community corrections. Implementing Evidence-Based Practices in Community Corrections and Addiction Treatment is a breakthrough volume for graduate- and postgraduate-level researchers incriminology, as well as policymakers and public health researchers.

This comprehensive work provides a central source of information and analysis on the current state of simulation modeling in criminal justice, an overview of existing techniques, as well as cases of success and directions for future development.

Community Corrections: An Intersectional Approach provides students with a complete overview of the community corrections system and the nature of community corrections work. This textbook demonstrates how the consideration and application of an intersectional approach can increase the efficacy of supervision within an increasingly complex system.The textbook is organized into four distinct parts, which cover theoretical orientations and context, the functions of community corrections, those served by community corrections, and how to measure and support success. Opening chapters introduce community corrections and its complex nature, review various punishment philosophies, describe the theoretical approach of intersectionality, and examine key elements of the probation and parole systems. Additional chapters cover the daily activities of probation and parole officers, intermediate sanctions, correctional interventions, and how the social structure and categorizations of people by individual characteristics creates the potential for disparate treatment. Students learn how an intersectional approach can help those in community corrections better understand and serve diverse clients and vulnerable populations. Closing chapters cover recidivism, organizational culture within probation and parole agencies, and the importance of partnerships and evaluation for success. An essential resource, Community Corrections is an exemplary textbook for courses and programs in criminal justice, criminology, and corrections.