G.E.O. Giacaglia – författare

This volume includes original papers presented at the 4th Symposium on Satellite Dynamics held at the XII Annual Plenary Meeting of COSPAR. At a time where it might be thought that very few problems were left un­ solved in celestial mechanics, we discover that new and more challenging questions must be answered. The pre­ cision of observations reaches the centimeter level and physical phenomena which had been disregarded come into play. We need a better treatment of atmospheric drag, radiation forces, and a better knowledge of the earth''s gravitational field. Time has to be precisely defined as well as reference systems, including improved values for precision and nutation. The question of resonances introduced by nonzonal harmonics was to be carefully in­ vestigated. Numerical integration techniques must be optimized and means of controlling their errors improved. Analytical techniques must be made appropriate for com­ puter processing. Presently existing methods of solu­ tions of differential equations of interest to celestial mechanics are getting cumbersome as all these new facts come to light. It is clear that entirely new and more effective methods are necessary. These methods must, among other requirements, take into account the essential nonlinear character of the equations. Finally, the mo­ tion about the center of mass of a satellite is becoming an essential need for the thorough understanding and de­ scription of the orbital motion.

This volume includes original papers presented at the 4th Symposium on Satellite Dynamics held at the XII Annual Plenary Meeting of COSPAR. At a time where it might be thought that very few problems were left un­ solved in celestial mechanics, we discover that new and more challenging questions must be answered. The pre­ cision of observations reaches the centimeter level and physical phenomena which had been disregarded come into play. We need a better treatment of atmospheric drag, radiation forces, and a better knowledge of the earth's gravitational field. Time has to be precisely defined as well as reference systems, including improved values for precision and nutation. The question of resonances introduced by nonzonal harmonics was to be carefully in­ vestigated. Numerical integration techniques must be optimized and means of controlling their errors improved. Analytical techniques must be made appropriate for com­ puter processing. Presently existing methods of solu­ tions of differential equations of interest to celestial mechanics are getting cumbersome as all these new facts come to light. It is clear that entirely new and more effective methods are necessary. These methods must, among other requirements, take into account the essential nonlinear character of the equations. Finally, the mo­ tion about the center of mass of a satellite is becoming an essential need for the thorough understanding and de­ scription of the orbital motion.

The subjects of resonance and stability are closely related to the problem of evolution of the solar system. It is a physically involving problem and the methods available to mathematics today seem unsatisfactory to produce pure non linear ways of attack. The linearization process in both subjects is clearly of doubtful significance, so that, even if very restrictive, numerical solutions are still the best and more valuable sources of informations. It is quite possible that we know now very little more of the entire problem that was known to Poincare, with the advantage that we can now compute much faster and with much more precision. We feel that the papers collected in this Symposium have contributed a step forward to the comprehension of Resonance, Periodic Orbits and Stability. In a field like this, it would be a surprise if one had gone a long way toward that comprehension, during the short time of two weeks. But we are sure that the joint efforts of all the scientists involved has produced and will produce a measurable acceleration in the process. If this is true it will be a great satisfaction to us that this has happened in Brasil. The Southern Hemisphere in America has now begun to participate actively in the Astro­ nomical Society and for this, we are grateful to everyone who has helped.