George Stricker – författare

Providers and consumers of mental health services are increasingly making use of the internet to gather information, consult, and participate in psychotherapy. This Handbook gives practical insight into how professionals can translate their practice to an online medium. Divided into four sections, section one provides an overview of how the internet has become an integral part of people''s lives, and the research to date on the use and effectiveness of counseling online, as well as idiosyncrasies of online behavior and communication. Section two discusses the "practical" aspects of counseling online, including technological issues, ethical and legal issues, and business issues. Section three focuses on performing psychotherapy online, including online treatment strategies and skills, working with online groups, online testing and assessment, and international and multicultural issues in online counseling. The last section discusses the future of online counseling.The Handbook is intended for those professionals interested in the burgeoning telehealth movement and to those practicing therapists looking for ways to expand their practices online and/or to help round out treatment to specific patients who might benefit from online therapy in addition to traditional delivery.* Foreword by Morgan Sammons and Patrick DeLeon, past president of the American Psychological Association* The first comprehensive textbook designed to give clinicians and mental health students everything they need to understand and start providing mental health services via the Internet* Each chapter includes study questions and key terms, making it ideal for use in graduate or continuing education settings* Includes clear and comprehensive chapters on research and technology related to online counseling* Contributors include past, present, and elected presidents of the International Society for Mental Health Online (ISMHO), the Inernet''s leading resource for professionals interested in online counseling and other methods of delivering mental health services via the Internet

Online Counseling gives practical insight into how professionals can translate and extend their practice to the electronic online medium. The volume provides an overview of current research on the use and effectiveness of counseling online and data on the idiosyncrasies of online behavior and communication. The practical aspects of and skill sets required for counseling online are discussed at length, as are technological, ethical, legal and multicultural issues, treatment strategies, and testing and assessment.

Foreword by Morgan Sammons and Patrick DeLeon, past president of the American Psychological Association The first comprehensive textbook designed to give clinicians and mental health students everything they need to understand and start providing mental health services via the Internet Each chapter includes study questions and key terms, making it ideal for use in graduate or continuing education settings Includes clear and comprehensive chapters on research and technology related to online counseling Contributors include past, present, and elected presidents of the International Society for Mental Health Online (ISMHO), the Inernet's leading resource for professionals interested in online counseling and other methods of delivering mental health services via the Internet

Online Counseling gives practical insight into how professionals can translate and extend their practice to the electronic online medium. The volume provides an overview of current research on the use and effectiveness of counseling online and data on the idiosyncrasies of online behavior and communication. The practical aspects of and skill sets required for counseling online are discussed at length, as are technological, ethical, legal and multicultural issues, treatment strategies, and testing and assessment.- Foreword by Morgan Sammons and Patrick DeLeon, past president of the American Psychological Association- The first comprehensive textbook designed to give clinicians and mental health students everything they need to understand and start providing mental health services via the Internet- Each chapter includes study questions and key terms, making it ideal for use in graduate or continuing education settings- Includes clear and comprehensive chapters on research and technology related to online counseling- Contributors include past, present, and elected presidents of the International Society for Mental Health Online (ISMHO), the Inernet''s leading resource for professionals interested in online counseling and other methods of delivering mental health services via the Internet

In the myth of Daphne and Apollo, Cupid fired two arrows: one causing flight from love, the other passionate attraction. Cupid aimed his first arrow at Daphne, a beautiful nymph who loved her freedom; the next struck Apollo, who lusted after Daphne. Daphne, frightened and intent upon virginity, fled Apollo but was unable to run fast enough. When her strength was almost gone, she sought protection in the familiar waters of her father's river. He answered her prayers: Her hair became leaves, and her feet, roots growing into the ground; she was transformed into a laurel tree. Apollo, kissing the sprouting bark, pledged to honor Daphne by placing a laurel wreath on the head of every hero who won a victory. Unable to evade the consequences of the arrow that wounded her, Daphne called upon the river, the creative power of both nature and time-a symbol of fertility, but also of oblivion-to help her survive when her strength was gone. Daphne's inner triumph in the face of injury is an appropriate sym­ bol for the types of transformation witnessed by psychologists. In his book on symbols, Circlot (1962, p. 173) writes that the crowning of the poet, artist, or conqueror with laurel leaves "presupposes a series of inner victories over the negative and dissipative influence of the basest forces. " Further, the tree "denotes the life of the cosmos: its consistence, growth, proliferation, generative, and regenerative processes" (Circlot, 1962, p. 328).

This Handbook is the culmination of an interest in psychotherapy integration that led to our first professional collaboration in 1978. At that time we undertook (in research conducted for a doctoral dissertation by the second editor and supervised by the senior editor) to understand, from and within a psychodynamic perspective, the experiences of patients who had completed behavioral therapies. At that time, psychotherapy integration was a topic considered viable and interesting by only a few clinicians and scholars, with little communication among them and less awareness, concern, and appreciation on the part of psychotherapists in general. The situation today has changed. The appearance of this Handbook may be taken as a significant sign of maturation and legitimacy of work in psychotherapy integration. It is our hope and expectation that this volume will serve as an up-to-date and exhaustive overview of the status of ongoing scholarly and clinical work in the integration of the major schools of psychotherapy. The Handbook opens with a section that will provide the reader with an overview of the history, sociocultural context, and empirical status of the broad field of psycho­ therapy integration.

A workable vision of scientific practice has proven to be an elusive, if laudable, goal for professional psychology. The field cannot be faulted for failing to seek scientific wisdom, but it has been slow to integrate that wisdom fully with the wisdom of practice. This has proven to be a major oversight for, despite psychology's long­ if the standing commitment to science, practitioners are unlikely to think scientifically methods and products of science are described in ways that make it impossible to do so. Unfortunately, the rhetoric of science too often has done just that: So focused has it been on the problem of distinguishing good science from bad that it has inadvertently defeated any hope of a practical science developing in our field. We offer one remedy for this situation: This book is about scientific thinking for the professional psychologist. Specifically, it is a primer on the application of scientific logic to professional practice. We argue that the professional needs a more straightforward and realistic scientific identity than heretofore has been available. The professional consciously must become a local clinical scientist, bringing all the power of scientific thought to the specifics of the clinical situation. Contrary to forces in psychology that promote uncritical acceptance of science as given by academic researchers or, alternatively, that encourage criticism and ultimate disregard of the scientific endeavor, we call for a redoubling of efforts to incorporate scientific thought into practical professional inquiry.

For the first time in history, behavioural health providers are expected to understand and participate in activities intended to access and improve the quality of services they provide. This handbook is designed as a general resource in the field of behavioral health quality management for a very diverse group of readers, including graduate and undergraduate students, payers, purchasers and administrators within managed care organizations, public sector service system planners and managers, applied health services researchers and program evaluators. This volume provides a comprehensive context for the development of quality management (QM) in health services, behavioural health in particular, as well as an overview of tools, techniques, and programs reflecting QM in practice. It also offers perspectives on both internally and externally-based QM activities.

Psychology is of interest to academics from many fields, as well as to the thousands of academic and clinical psychologists and general public who can't help but be interested in learning more about why humans think and behave as they do. This award-winning twelve-volume reference covers every aspect of the ever-fascinating discipline of psychology and represents the most current knowledge in the field. This ten-year revision now covers discoveries based in neuroscience, clinical psychology's new interest in evidence-based practice and mindfulness, and new findings in social, developmental, and forensic psychology.

Stay up-to-date on the ethical and legal issues that affect your clinical and professional decisions!Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: A Comprehensive Handbook of Principles and Standards details the ethical and legal issues that involve mental health professionals. Respected authorities with diverse backgrounds, expertise, and professional experience discuss contemporary theories emphasizing professional ethics, the ramifications of professional actions and decisions, and ethical standards on teaching, training, research, and publication. This informative handbook provides invaluable up-to-date information and guidelines vital for every mental health professional.This book is a thorough examination of ethical behavior which can be used as a reference source for the professional or a textbook for graduate students. The handbook itself is divided into five sections. The first section is a detailed introduction of ethics, law, and licensing. The second section presents general ethical principles like competence, integrity, and respect for individual rights and dignity. The third section examines confidentiality, privilege, consent, and protection. The fourth section focuses on general ethical standards in practice, including sexual contact, multiple relationships, and bartering. The fifth section presents the ethical principles and standards in teaching, training, and research. Appendices include the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (American Psychological Association, 2002) and the Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers (National Association of Social Workers, 1999).Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: A Comprehensive Handbook of Principles and Standards discusses:the history of basic approaches and issues in ethical philosophyfive fundamental areas in the process of developing competencethe necessary ingredients for the mental health professional’s practice of integrityaspirational versus enforceable standards of ethicsconcern for the welfare of others as a core ethical principlethe notion of social responsibility in the ethics codes of psychologists and social workersethical principles, statutes, and case law protecting privacy and confidentialityissues involving the therapist-patient privilegethe “duty to protect” doctrine and relevant legal issuesthe dynamics of multiple relationships and boundary violationssexualized dual relationships between psychologists and patientspossible conflict of interest in bartering for servicesthe requirements and implementation of maintaining patient records to avoid ethical and legal problemspossible ethical dilemmas involving referrals and feesmuch, much moreThis Handbook is an essential resource for all mental health professionals, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, therapists, and graduate students in mental health and the related fields.Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: A Comprehensive Handbook of Principles and Standards is the first of three volumes under this title. The following volumes will focus on forensic settings and special populations/special treatment modalities.

Stay up-to-date on the ethical and legal issues that affect your clinical and professional decisions!Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: A Comprehensive Handbook of Principles and Standards details the ethical and legal issues that involve mental health professionals. Respected authorities with diverse backgrounds, expertise, and professional experience discuss contemporary theories emphasizing professional ethics, the ramifications of professional actions and decisions, and ethical standards on teaching, training, research, and publication. This informative handbook provides invaluable up-to-date information and guidelines vital for every mental health professional.This book is a thorough examination of ethical behavior which can be used as a reference source for the professional or a textbook for graduate students. The handbook itself is divided into five sections. The first section is a detailed introduction of ethics, law, and licensing. The second section presents general ethical principles like competence, integrity, and respect for individual rights and dignity. The third section examines confidentiality, privilege, consent, and protection. The fourth section focuses on general ethical standards in practice, including sexual contact, multiple relationships, and bartering. The fifth section presents the ethical principles and standards in teaching, training, and research. Appendices include the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (American Psychological Association, 2002) and the Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers (National Association of Social Workers, 1999).Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: A Comprehensive Handbook of Principles and Standards discusses:the history of basic approaches and issues in ethical philosophyfive fundamental areas in the process of developing competencethe necessary ingredients for the mental health professional’s practice of integrityaspirational versus enforceable standards of ethicsconcern for the welfare of others as a core ethical principlethe notion of social responsibility in the ethics codes of psychologists and social workersethical principles, statutes, and case law protecting privacy and confidentialityissues involving the therapist-patient privilegethe “duty to protect” doctrine and relevant legal issuesthe dynamics of multiple relationships and boundary violationssexualized dual relationships between psychologists and patientspossible conflict of interest in bartering for servicesthe requirements and implementation of maintaining patient records to avoid ethical and legal problemspossible ethical dilemmas involving referrals and feesmuch, much moreThis Handbook is an essential resource for all mental health professionals, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, therapists, and graduate students in mental health and the related fields.Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: A Comprehensive Handbook of Principles and Standards is the first of three volumes under this title. The following volumes will focus on forensic settings and special populations/special treatment modalities.

Get crucial ethical and clinical knowledge as it relates to the legal system Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: in Forensic Settings comprehensively focuses on the integration of ethical, legal, and clinical issues for practicing mental health professionals dealing with legal processes in forensic settings. This unique text is organized around the most current ethical and legal standards as defined by the mental health professionals of psychology, social work, marriage and family therapy, and psychiatry. Respected well-known authorities with diverse backgrounds, expertise, and professional experience offer a far-reaching discussion of ethical and legal issues important for every mental health professional to know. Practicing clinicians increasingly find themselves needing to deal with the legal system about a multitude of issues. Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: in Forensic Settings not only presents mental health professionals, but also attorneys who defend mental health professionals providing legal and ethical discussions of importance to the field. This powerful resource provides up-to-date crucial knowledge for graduate students and clinicians alike. The final book in the three volume series will focus on special populations/special treatment modalities. Topics in Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: in Forensic Settings include:the discovery process depositions personal injury evaluations various types of witness preparation for court testimony psychological evaluations juvenile court dependency forensic evaluations dealing with litigation with civil lawsuits tests that relate to false memories of trauma APA’s Ethics Committee process and State Ethics Committees processes Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: in Forensic Settings is an essential text for all mental health professionals, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, therapists, and graduate students in mental health and related fields.

Get crucial ethical and clinical knowledge as it relates to the legal system Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: in Forensic Settings comprehensively focuses on the integration of ethical, legal, and clinical issues for practicing mental health professionals dealing with legal processes in forensic settings. This unique text is organized around the most current ethical and legal standards as defined by the mental health professionals of psychology, social work, marriage and family therapy, and psychiatry. Respected well-known authorities with diverse backgrounds, expertise, and professional experience offer a far-reaching discussion of ethical and legal issues important for every mental health professional to know. Practicing clinicians increasingly find themselves needing to deal with the legal system about a multitude of issues. Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: in Forensic Settings not only presents mental health professionals, but also attorneys who defend mental health professionals providing legal and ethical discussions of importance to the field. This powerful resource provides up-to-date crucial knowledge for graduate students and clinicians alike. The final book in the three volume series will focus on special populations/special treatment modalities. Topics in Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: in Forensic Settings include:the discovery process depositions personal injury evaluations various types of witness preparation for court testimony psychological evaluations juvenile court dependency forensic evaluations dealing with litigation with civil lawsuits tests that relate to false memories of trauma APA’s Ethics Committee process and State Ethics Committees processes Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: in Forensic Settings is an essential text for all mental health professionals, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, therapists, and graduate students in mental health and related fields.

Psychology is of interest to academics from many fields, as well as to the thousands of academic and clinical psychologists and general public who can''t help but be interested in learning more about why humans think and behave as they do. This award-winning twelve-volume reference covers every aspect of the ever-fascinating discipline of psychology and represents the most current knowledge in the field. This ten-year revision now covers discoveries based in neuroscience, clinical psychology''s new interest in evidence-based practice and mindfulness, and new findings in social, developmental, and forensic psychology.

Psychology is of interest to academics from many fields, as well as to the thousands of academic and clinical psychologists and general public who can''t help but be interested in learning more about why humans think and behave as they do. This award-winning twelve-volume reference covers every aspect of the ever-fascinating discipline of psychology and represents the most current knowledge in the field. This ten-year revision now covers discoveries based in neuroscience, clinical psychology''s new interest in evidence-based practice and mindfulness, and new findings in social, developmental, and forensic psychology.

Get crucial ethical and clinical knowledge as it relates to the legal system Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: in Forensic Settings comprehensively focuses on the integration of ethical, legal, and clinical issues for practicing mental health professionals dealing with legal processes in forensic settings. This unique text is organized around the most current ethical and legal standards as defined by the mental health professionals of psychology, social work, marriage and family therapy, and psychiatry. Respected well-known authorities with diverse backgrounds, expertise, and professional experience offer a far-reaching discussion of ethical and legal issues important for every mental health professional to know. Practicing clinicians increasingly find themselves needing to deal with the legal system about a multitude of issues. Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: in Forensic Settings not only presents mental health professionals, but also attorneys who defend mental health professionals providing legal and ethical discussions of importance to the field. This powerful resource provides up-to-date crucial knowledge for graduate students and clinicians alike. The final book in the three volume series will focus on special populations/special treatment modalities. Topics in Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: in Forensic Settings include:

the discovery process depositions personal injury evaluations various types of witness preparation for court testimony psychological evaluations juvenile court dependency forensic evaluations dealing with litigation with civil lawsuits tests that relate to false memories of trauma APA’s Ethics Committee process and State Ethics Committees processes

Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: in Forensic Settings is an essential text for all mental health professionals, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, therapists, and graduate students in mental health and related fields.

Get crucial ethical and clinical knowledge as it relates to the legal system Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: in Forensic Settings comprehensively focuses on the integration of ethical, legal, and clinical issues for practicing mental health professionals dealing with legal processes in forensic settings. This unique text is organized around the most current ethical and legal standards as defined by the mental health professionals of psychology, social work, marriage and family therapy, and psychiatry. Respected well-known authorities with diverse backgrounds, expertise, and professional experience offer a far-reaching discussion of ethical and legal issues important for every mental health professional to know. Practicing clinicians increasingly find themselves needing to deal with the legal system about a multitude of issues. Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: in Forensic Settings not only presents mental health professionals, but also attorneys who defend mental health professionals providing legal and ethical discussions of importance to the field. This powerful resource provides up-to-date crucial knowledge for graduate students and clinicians alike. The final book in the three volume series will focus on special populations/special treatment modalities. Topics in Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: in Forensic Settings include:

the discovery process depositions personal injury evaluations various types of witness preparation for court testimony psychological evaluations juvenile court dependency forensic evaluations dealing with litigation with civil lawsuits tests that relate to false memories of trauma APA’s Ethics Committee process and State Ethics Committees processes

Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: in Forensic Settings is an essential text for all mental health professionals, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, therapists, and graduate students in mental health and related fields.

Stay up-to-date on the ethical and legal issues that affect your clinical and professional decisions!

Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: A Comprehensive Handbook of Principles and Standards details the ethical and legal issues that involve mental health professionals. Respected authorities with diverse backgrounds, expertise, and professional experience discuss contemporary theories emphasizing professional ethics, the ramifications of professional actions and decisions, and ethical standards on teaching, training, research, and publication. This informative handbook provides invaluable up-to-date information and guidelines vital for every mental health professional.

This book is a thorough examination of ethical behavior which can be used as a reference source for the professional or a textbook for graduate students. The handbook itself is divided into five sections. The first section is a detailed introduction of ethics, law, and licensing. The second section presents general ethical principles like competence, integrity, and respect for individual rights and dignity. The third section examines confidentiality, privilege, consent, and protection. The fourth section focuses on general ethical standards in practice, including sexual contact, multiple relationships, and bartering. The fifth section presents the ethical principles and standards in teaching, training, and research. Appendices include the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (American Psychological Association, 2002) and the Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers (National Association of Social Workers, 1999).

Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: A Comprehensive Handbook of Principles and Standards discusses:

the history of basic approaches and issues in ethical philosophy five fundamental areas in the process of developing competence the necessary ingredients for the mental health professional’s practice of integrity aspirational versus enforceable standards of ethics concern for the welfare of others as a core ethical principle the notion of social responsibility in the ethics codes of psychologists and social workers ethical principles, statutes, and case law protecting privacy and confidentiality issues involving the therapist-patient privilege the “duty to protect” doctrine and relevant legal issues the dynamics of multiple relationships and boundary violations sexualized dual relationships between psychologists and patients possible conflict of interest in bartering for services the requirements and implementation of maintaining patient records to avoid ethical and legal problems possible ethical dilemmas involving referrals and fees much, much more

This Handbook is an essential resource for all mental health professionals, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, therapists, and graduate students in mental health and the related fields.

Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: A Comprehensive Handbook of Principles and Standards is the first of three volumes under this title. The following volumes will focus on forensic settings and special populations/special treatment modalities.

Stay up-to-date on the ethical and legal issues that affect your clinical and professional decisions!

Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: A Comprehensive Handbook of Principles and Standards details the ethical and legal issues that involve mental health professionals. Respected authorities with diverse backgrounds, expertise, and professional experience discuss contemporary theories emphasizing professional ethics, the ramifications of professional actions and decisions, and ethical standards on teaching, training, research, and publication. This informative handbook provides invaluable up-to-date information and guidelines vital for every mental health professional.

This book is a thorough examination of ethical behavior which can be used as a reference source for the professional or a textbook for graduate students. The handbook itself is divided into five sections. The first section is a detailed introduction of ethics, law, and licensing. The second section presents general ethical principles like competence, integrity, and respect for individual rights and dignity. The third section examines confidentiality, privilege, consent, and protection. The fourth section focuses on general ethical standards in practice, including sexual contact, multiple relationships, and bartering. The fifth section presents the ethical principles and standards in teaching, training, and research. Appendices include the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (American Psychological Association, 2002) and the Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Workers (National Association of Social Workers, 1999).

Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: A Comprehensive Handbook of Principles and Standards discusses:

the history of basic approaches and issues in ethical philosophy five fundamental areas in the process of developing competence the necessary ingredients for the mental health professional’s practice of integrity aspirational versus enforceable standards of ethics concern for the welfare of others as a core ethical principle the notion of social responsibility in the ethics codes of psychologists and social workers ethical principles, statutes, and case law protecting privacy and confidentiality issues involving the therapist-patient privilege the “duty to protect” doctrine and relevant legal issues the dynamics of multiple relationships and boundary violations sexualized dual relationships between psychologists and patients possible conflict of interest in bartering for services the requirements and implementation of maintaining patient records to avoid ethical and legal problems possible ethical dilemmas involving referrals and fees much, much more

This Handbook is an essential resource for all mental health professionals, including psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, therapists, and graduate students in mental health and the related fields.

Ethical and Legal Issues for Mental Health Professionals: A Comprehensive Handbook of Principles and Standards is the first of three volumes under this title. The following volumes will focus on forensic settings and special populations/special treatment modalities.

For the first time in history, behavioral health providers are expected to understand and participate in activities intended to access and improve the quality of services they provide. This handbook is designed as a general resource in the field of behavioral health quality management for a very diverse group of readers, including graduate and undergraduate students, payors, purchasers and administrators within managed care organizations, public sector service system planners and managers, applied health services researchers and program evaluators. This volume provides a comprehensive context for the development of quality management (QM) in health services - behavioral health in particular - as well as an overview of tools, techniques, and programs reflecting QM in practice. It also offers perspectives on both internally- and externally-based QM activities.

For the first time in history, behavioral health providers are expected to understand and participate in activities intended to access and improve the quality of services they provide. This handbook is designed as a general resource in the field of behavioral health quality management for a very diverse group of readers, including graduate and undergraduate students, payors, purchasers and administrators within managed care organizations, public sector service system planners and managers, applied health services researchers and program evaluators. This volume provides a comprehensive context for the development of quality management (QM) in health services - behavioral health in particular - as well as an overview of tools, techniques, and programs reflecting QM in practice. It also offers perspectives on both internally- and externally-based QM activities.

It is an intriguing feature of human experience that in our present world, amid thousands of indications of the effectiveness of the scientific method, so many of us persist in demonstrably illusory or magical beliefs whether religiously related or simply reflections of long-standing superstitions. At a time when millions can observe on television the first landings of human beings on the moon, when our daily lives in the so-called devel­ oped countries are replete with conveniences that reflect scientific advances, we still persist in daily wagers on the state lotteries, in paying astrologers or palmists for their readings, in investing thousands of dollars and hours of our legislators'' time in discussing such issues as the value of daily prayer in the elementary schools. The emergence of modem medicine based increasingly on scientific research in chemistry, biology, and physics has considerably reduced people''s resort to sha­ mans and witch doctors within the major sectors of our own society, although it has by no means eliminated such practitioners.

It is an intriguing feature of human experience that in our present world, amid thousands of indications of the effectiveness of the scientific method, so many of us persist in demonstrably illusory or magical beliefs whether religiously related or simply reflections of long-standing superstitions. At a time when millions can observe on television the first landings of human beings on the moon, when our daily lives in the so-called devel­ oped countries are replete with conveniences that reflect scientific advances, we still persist in daily wagers on the state lotteries, in paying astrologers or palmists for their readings, in investing thousands of dollars and hours of our legislators' time in discussing such issues as the value of daily prayer in the elementary schools. The emergence of modem medicine based increasingly on scientific research in chemistry, biology, and physics has considerably reduced people's resort to sha­ mans and witch doctors within the major sectors of our own society, although it has by no means eliminated such practitioners.

This Handbook is the culmination of an interest in psychotherapy integration that led to our first professional collaboration in 1978. At that time we undertook (in research conducted for a doctoral dissertation by the second editor and supervised by the senior editor) to understand, from and within a psychodynamic perspective, the experiences of patients who had completed behavioral therapies. At that time, psychotherapy integration was a topic considered viable and interesting by only a few clinicians and scholars, with little communication among them and less awareness, concern, and appreciation on the part of psychotherapists in general. The situation today has changed. The appearance of this Handbook may be taken as a significant sign of maturation and legitimacy of work in psychotherapy integration. It is our hope and expectation that this volume will serve as an up-to-date and exhaustive overview of the status of ongoing scholarly and clinical work in the integration of the major schools of psychotherapy. The Handbook opens with a section that will provide the reader with an overview of the history, sociocultural context, and empirical status of the broad field of psycho­ therapy integration.

This Handbook is the culmination of an interest in psychotherapy integration that led to our first professional collaboration in 1978. At that time we undertook (in research conducted for a doctoral dissertation by the second editor and supervised by the senior editor) to understand, from and within a psychodynamic perspective, the experiences of patients who had completed behavioral therapies. At that time, psychotherapy integration was a topic considered viable and interesting by only a few clinicians and scholars, with little communication among them and less awareness, concern, and appreciation on the part of psychotherapists in general. The situation today has changed. The appearance of this Handbook may be taken as a significant sign of maturation and legitimacy of work in psychotherapy integration. It is our hope and expectation that this volume will serve as an up-to-date and exhaustive overview of the status of ongoing scholarly and clinical work in the integration of the major schools of psychotherapy. The Handbook opens with a section that will provide the reader with an overview of the history, sociocultural context, and empirical status of the broad field of psycho­ therapy integration.

In the myth of Daphne and Apollo, Cupid fired two arrows: one causing flight from love, the other passionate attraction. Cupid aimed his first arrow at Daphne, a beautiful nymph who loved her freedom; the next struck Apollo, who lusted after Daphne. Daphne, frightened and intent upon virginity, fled Apollo but was unable to run fast enough. When her strength was almost gone, she sought protection in the familiar waters of her father''s river. He answered her prayers: Her hair became leaves, and her feet, roots growing into the ground; she was transformed into a laurel tree. Apollo, kissing the sprouting bark, pledged to honor Daphne by placing a laurel wreath on the head of every hero who won a victory. Unable to evade the consequences of the arrow that wounded her, Daphne called upon the river, the creative power of both nature and time-a symbol of fertility, but also of oblivion-to help her survive when her strength was gone. Daphne''s inner triumph in the face of injury is an appropriate sym­ bol for the types of transformation witnessed by psychologists. In his book on symbols, Circlot (1962, p. 173) writes that the crowning of the poet, artist, or conqueror with laurel leaves "presupposes a series of inner victories over the negative and dissipative influence of the basest forces. " Further, the tree "denotes the life of the cosmos: its consistence, growth, proliferation, generative, and regenerative processes" (Circlot, 1962, p. 328).

In the myth of Daphne and Apollo, Cupid fired two arrows: one causing flight from love, the other passionate attraction. Cupid aimed his first arrow at Daphne, a beautiful nymph who loved her freedom; the next struck Apollo, who lusted after Daphne. Daphne, frightened and intent upon virginity, fled Apollo but was unable to run fast enough. When her strength was almost gone, she sought protection in the familiar waters of her father's river. He answered her prayers: Her hair became leaves, and her feet, roots growing into the ground; she was transformed into a laurel tree. Apollo, kissing the sprouting bark, pledged to honor Daphne by placing a laurel wreath on the head of every hero who won a victory. Unable to evade the consequences of the arrow that wounded her, Daphne called upon the river, the creative power of both nature and time-a symbol of fertility, but also of oblivion-to help her survive when her strength was gone. Daphne's inner triumph in the face of injury is an appropriate sym­ bol for the types of transformation witnessed by psychologists. In his book on symbols, Circlot (1962, p. 173) writes that the crowning of the poet, artist, or conqueror with laurel leaves "presupposes a series of inner victories over the negative and dissipative influence of the basest forces. " Further, the tree "denotes the life of the cosmos: its consistence, growth, proliferation, generative, and regenerative processes" (Circlot, 1962, p. 328).

A workable vision of scientific practice has proven to be an elusive, if laudable, goal for professional psychology. The field cannot be faulted for failing to seek scientific wisdom, but it has been slow to integrate that wisdom fully with the wisdom of practice. This has proven to be a major oversight for, despite psychology''s long­ if the standing commitment to science, practitioners are unlikely to think scientifically methods and products of science are described in ways that make it impossible to do so. Unfortunately, the rhetoric of science too often has done just that: So focused has it been on the problem of distinguishing good science from bad that it has inadvertently defeated any hope of a practical science developing in our field. We offer one remedy for this situation: This book is about scientific thinking for the professional psychologist. Specifically, it is a primer on the application of scientific logic to professional practice. We argue that the professional needs a more straightforward and realistic scientific identity than heretofore has been available. The professional consciously must become a local clinical scientist, bringing all the power of scientific thought to the specifics of the clinical situation. Contrary to forces in psychology that promote uncritical acceptance of science as given by academic researchers or, alternatively, that encourage criticism and ultimate disregard of the scientific endeavor, we call for a redoubling of efforts to incorporate scientific thought into practical professional inquiry.