Gerald Gerlach - Böcker

Over half a century after the discovery of the piezoresistive effect, microsystem technology has experienced considerable developments. Expanding the opportunities of microelectronics to non-electronic systems, its number of application fields continues to increase. Microsensors are one of the most important fields, used in medical applications and micromechanics. Microfluidic systems are also a significant area, most commonly used in ink-jet printer heads. This textbook focuses on the essentials of microsystems technology, providing a knowledgeable grounding and a clear path through this well-established scientific dicipline. With a methodical, student-orientated approach, Introduction to Microsystem Technology covers the following: microsystem materials (including silicon, polymers and thin films), and the scaling effects of going micro;fabrication techniques based on different material properties, descriptions of their limitations and functional and shape elements produced by these techniques;sensors and actuators based on elements such as mechanical, fluidic, and thermal (yaw rate sensor components are described);the influence of technology parameters on microsystem properties, asking, for example, when is the function of a microsystem device robust and safe?The book presents problems at the end of each chapter so that you may test your understanding of the key concepts (full solutions for these are given on an accompanying website). Practical examples are included also, as well as case studies that enable a better understanding of the technology as a whole. With its extensive treatment on the fundamentals of microsystem technology, this book also serves as a compendium for engineers and technicians working with microsystem technology.

The problems involved in designing optimal infrared (IR) measuring systems under given conditions are commensurately complex. The optical set-up and radiation conditions, the interaction between sensor and irradiation and the sensor itself, determine the operation of the sensor system. Simple calculations for solving these problems without any understanding of the causal relationships are not possible. Thermal Infrared Sensors offers a concise explanation of the basic physical and photometric fundamentals needed for the consideration of these interactions. It depicts the basics of thermal IR sensor systems and explains the manifold causal relationships between the most important effects and influences, describing the relationships between sensor parameters such as thermal and special resolution, and application conditions.This book covers: various types of thermal sensors, like thermoelectric sensor, pyroelectric sensors, microbolometers, micro-Golay cells and bimorphous sensors;basic applications for thermal sensors;noise - a limiting factor for thermal resolution and detectivity - including an outline of the mathematics and noise sources in thermal infrared sensors;the properties of IR sensor systems in conjunction with the measurement environment and application conditions;60 examples showing calculations of real problems with real numbers, as they occur in many practical applications.This is an essential reference for practicing design and optical engineers and users of infrared sensors and infrared cameras. With this book they will be able to transform the demonstrated solutions to their own problems, find ways to match their commercial IR sensors and cameras to their measurement conditions, and to tailor and optimise sensors and set-ups to particular IR measurement problems. The basic knowledge outlined in this book will give advanced undergraduate and graduate students a thorough grounding in this technology.

Pyrometrie und Thermografie Die Thermografie ist ein bildgebendes Verfahren, um Oberflächentemperaturen von Objekten anzuzeigen. Dies erfolgt, indem man die Intensität der Infrarotstrahlung, die von einem bestimmten Punkt ausgeht, misst und daraus die dort herrschende Temperatur berechnet. Als Messgeräte dazu werden Thermografie-Kameras verwendet. Wird die Temperatur nur an einem Punkt gemessen, spricht man von Pyrometrie, die entsprechenden Geräte werden als Pyrometer bezeichnet. Die berührungslose Temperaturmessung ist überall dort von großem Interesse, wo hohe Temperaturen auftreten, harsche Bedingungen herrschen oder der Messort nicht erreicht werden kann. Das ist zum Beispiel in der Prozessmesstechnik, in Gießereien und Stahlwerken oder der Überwachung von brandanfälligen Umgebungen (Wälder, Müllplätze) der Fall. Das Buch wendet sich an alle, die Pyrometer und Thermografie-Kameras nutzen und typischerweise mit den zu überwachenden Prozessen vertraut sind, aber oft nicht mit der einzusetzenden Messtechnik. Deshalb fokussiert es auf die Anwendung von Pyrometern und Thermografie-Kameras und macht auf übersichtliche Weise mit den Grundlagen, den Fehlereinflüssen, den Grenzen hinsichtlich der thermischen, zeitlichen und räumlichen Auflösung und der erreichbaren Messgenauigkeit vertraut.

Hydrogels are a fascinating class of polymers which show an immense ability of swelling under the influence of temperature, pH value or concentrations of different species in aqueous solutions. The volume change can amount up to several hundred percent. This unique behaviour is already used in such applications like disposable diapers, contact lenses or drug-delivery systems.The ability to perform mechanical work has been shifted the technical interest more and more towards sensors and actuators exploiting the thermo-chemo-mechano-electrical coupling within hydrogels. The accuracy requirements for such devices are much more demanding than for previous applications. Therefore, a deep knowledge of both the material and the functional properties of hydrogel sensors and actuators is needed. The monograph describes state of the art and recent developments for these materials in sensor and actuator technology.

Hydrogels are a fascinating class of polymers which show an immense ability of swelling under the influence of temperature, pH value or concentrations of different species in aqueous solutions. The volume change can amount up to several hundred percent. This unique behaviour is already used in such applications like disposable diapers, contact lenses or drug-delivery systems.The ability to perform mechanical work has been shifted the technical interest more and more towards sensors and actuators exploiting the thermo-chemo-mechano-electrical coupling within hydrogels. The accuracy requirements for such devices are much more demanding than for previous applications. Therefore, a deep knowledge of both the material and the functional properties of hydrogel sensors and actuators is needed. The monograph describes state of the art and recent developments for these materials in sensor and actuator technology.

This book discusses future trends and developments in electron device packaging and the opportunities of nano and bio techniques as future solutions. It describes the effect of nano-sized particles and cell-based approaches for packaging solutions with their diverse requirements. It offers a comprehensive overview of nano particles and nano composites and their application as packaging functions in electron devices. The importance and challenges of three-dimensional design and computer modeling in nano packaging is discussed; also ways for implementation are described. Solutions for unconventional packaging solutions for metallizations and functionalized surfaces as well as new packaging technologies with high potential for industrial applications are discussed. The book brings together a comprehensive overview of nano scale components and systems comprising electronic, mechanical and optical structures and serves as important reference for industrial and academic researchers.

This book discusses future trends and developments in electron device packaging and the opportunities of nano and bio techniques as future solutions. It describes the effect of nano-sized particles and cell-based approaches for packaging solutions with their diverse requirements. It offers a comprehensive overview of nano particles and nano composites and their application as packaging functions in electron devices. The importance and challenges of three-dimensional design and computer modeling in nano packaging is discussed; also ways for implementation are described. Solutions for unconventional packaging solutions for metallizations and functionalized surfaces as well as new packaging technologies with high potential for industrial applications are discussed. The book brings together a comprehensive overview of nano scale components and systems comprising electronic, mechanical and optical structures and serves as important reference for industrial and academic researchers.

Die Informationstechnologie wird oft als der wichtigste Faktor für die weitere Entwicklung von Wissenschaft, Technik und Wirtschaft angesehen, denn Informationen werden für alle Prozesse in der Industrie, der Medizin und der Verwaltung des täglichen Lebens benötigt. Neben anderen Wissensquellen, wie z.B. Smartphone-Daten zur Verkehrssteuerung, liefern in vielen Fällen Sensoren die Informationen, mit denen sich Prozesse überwachen, steuern oder deren Zustände bestimmen lassen. Die Zahl der jährlich hergestellten Sensoren verdoppelt sich alle fünf Jahre und beträgt inzwischen mehrere Zehnmilliarden. Sensoren sind dabei dasjenige Element eines Messsystems, das auf eine vorgegebene Messgröße reagiert und ein entsprechendes Ausgangssignal liefert. Dieses Büchlein aus der „essentials“-Reihe stellt die allgemeine Funktionsweise und die grundlegenden Eigenschaften von Sensoren dar und leitet daraus die für die Praxis wichtigen Sensorparameter ab, wie sie üblicherweise auch in den entsprechenden Datenblättern zu finden sind. Der Fokus liegt dabei weniger auf der nahezu unendlichen Vielfalt an Sensorvarianten, sondern auf den übergreifenden Systematiken, Prinzipien und Methoden, die sich dann einfach auch auf andere Sensoren übertragen lassen. Viele praktische Beispiele veranschaulichen die Darstellungen, so dass dieses Büchlein besonders gut sowohl für Einsteiger in das Gebiet der Sensorik als auch für Studierende in technischen Studiengängen nutzbar ist. Das Buch ist die Zusammenfassung einer Vorlesung zu den Grundlagen der Sensorik, die seit fast 30 Jahren an der TU Dresden gehalten wurde (G.G.) und die jetzt an der TU Dresden von Thomas Härtling und an der Johannes-Kepler-Universität Linz von Marco da Silva weiter geführt wird.