Giovanni Reale – författare

This book covers the first 500 years of the common era. These years witnessed the revivals of Aristotelianism, Epicureanism, Pyrrhonism, Cynicism, and Pythagoreanism; but by far the most important movement was the revival of Platonism under Plotinus. Here, the historical context of Plotinus is provided including the currents of thought that preceded him and opened the path for him. The presuppositions of the Enneads are made explicit and the thought of Plotinus is reconstructed.The author reorients the expositions of Middle Platonism and neo-Pythagoreanism. He provides a full exposition of Hermeticism and the doctrines of the Chaldean Oracles. He also defends the notion that Philo of Alexandria nourished a Jewish philosophy, not an eclectic mixture.

In this book Reale presents Plato and Aristotle.At the center of Reale's interpretation of Plato is the fulcrum of the supersensible, the metaphysical discovery that Plato presented as a result of the Second Voyage. This discovery of the supersensible is, in Reale's view, not only the fundamental phase of ancient thought, but it also constitutes a milestone on the path of western philosophy.Reale presents Plato in three different dimensions: the theoretic, the mystical-religious, and the political. Each of these components takes on meaning from the Second Voyage. In addition, Reale has shown that only in the light of the Unwritten Doctrines handed down through the indirect tradition, do these three components, and the Second Voyage itself, acquire their full meaning, and only in this way is a unitary conception of Plato's thought achieved.The interpretation of Aristotle that Reale proposes depends on his interpretation of Plato. Aristotle read without preconceptions is not the antithesis of Plato. Reale points out that Aristotle was unique among thinkers close to Plato, in being the one who developed, at least in part, his Second Voyage. The systematic-unitary interpretation of Aristotle which Reale has previously supported converges with the new systematic-unitary interpretation of Plato. Certain doctrinal positions which are usually reserved to treatments in monographs will be explored, because only in this way can the two distinctive traits of Aristotle's thought emerge: the way in which he tries to overcome and confirm the Socratic-Platonic positions, and the way in which he formally creates the system of philosophical knowledge.

Reale's monumental work establishes the exact dimensions of Aristotle's concept of first philosophy and proves the profound unity of concept that exists in Aristotle's Metaphysics. Reale's opposition to the genetic interpretation of the Metaphysics is an updated return to a more traditional view of Aristotle's work, one which runs counter to nearly all contemporary scholarship. Reale argues that Aristotle's first philosophy includes a study of being, a study of substance, a study of divine substance, and a study of principles and causes, all of which are integrated and dialectically reconciled.

Beginning with the origins of Western philosophy, the profound creation of the Hellenic genius, Reale presents an appreciation of the Naturalists, the Sophists, Socrates, and the Minor Socratics.Special attention is paid to the Eleatics because their problems decisively mark Platonic and Aristotelian philosophy.Interpretation of the Sophists benefits from the recent reevaluation of their thought. Socrates himself would be inconceivable without the Sophists since he is one of them.Socrates is given major prominence. Plato, Aristotle, and all of Hellenistic philosophy are deeply impregnated with his words and spirit.The teachings of the Minor Socratics are interpreted as one-sided reductions of the pluralistic values of Socratic thought and as anticipations of some issues that explode later in the Hellenistic Age.There are two appendices. The first concerns Orphism and contains a series of documents indispensable for the comprehension of some aspects of pre-Socratic and Platonic thought. The second explains the key to understanding the message of the Greeks-the message of "theorein".

El Banquete de Platón es considerado una de las cumbres no sólo del pensamiento filosófico griego sino de la literatura universal. A partir de una enigmática sentencia del gran negador de Platón que es Nietzsche ("todo aquello que es profundo ama la máscara"), Reale avanza una sugestiva interpretación de este gran texto y liga su lectura a sus estudios sobre las doctrinas no escritas de Platón. El libro se abre con una referencia a Nietzsche y su metáfora de la "máscara" para caracterizar las distintas formas de acceso a la verdad. Para Nietzsche, la máscara esconde y al mismo tiempo revela lo más profundo y se puede considerar que los mitos en los diálogos platónicos tienen esa función de máscara, revelando siempre a medias las verdades a los que las comprenden y escondiéndolas a los que no son iniciados. En este libro, de deliciosa lectura, Reale logra mantener un fino equilibrio entre la narración de lo que ocurre en el diálogo y la disciplina de la precisión erudita, que siempre se ciñe a las formulaciones originales de Platón.

¿Podemos realmente llamarnos europeos? Nunca como hasta ahora, con la nueva Constitución europea, estas cuestiones han adquirido tanta importancia. Sin embargo, como señala Giovanni Reale, es precisamente ahora cuando resultan más esquivas. Si no se quiere reducir Europa a un mero desafío político o económico, es necesario tener el valor de lanzar una mirada al origen de nuestra historia, a la posibilidad de renovar al hombre europeo, reviviendo de forma nueva sus raíces culturales y espirituales.

Desde hace dos milenios, los Diálogos de Platón constituyen un hito ineludible de la filosofía occidental. Pero el pensamiento del gran ateniense no se encuentra totalmente en sus escritos. Existe también un Platón secreto que, como él mismo declara, rehúsa confiar al papel sus propias doctrinas y remite su palabra a discípulos e interlocutores. En esta obra, Giovanni Reale delinea una nueva lectura que ilumina las doctrinas secretas de Platón y reconstruye su figura como escritor, poeta y mitólogo, más allá de su faceta como pensador. Partiendo de esta comprensión histórica, explora el significado de la «segunda navegación» que Platón anuncia en el Fedón y que lo lleva a colocar para siempre los fundamentos de la metafísica occidental.

This book covers the first 500 years of the common era. These years witnessed the revivals of Aristotelianism, Epicureanism, Pyrrhonism, Cynicism, and Pythagoreanism; but by far the most important movement was the revival of Platonism under Plotinus. Here, the historical context of Plotinus is provided including the currents of thought that preceded him and opened the path for him. The presuppositions of the Enneads are made explicit and the thought of Plotinus is reconstructed.The author reorients the expositions of Middle Platonism and neo-Pythagoreanism. He provides a full exposition of Hermeticism and the doctrines of the Chaldean Oracles. He also defends the notion that Philo of Alexandria nourished a Jewish philosophy, not an eclectic mixture.

Reale's monumental work establishes the exact dimensions of Aristotle's concept of first philosophy and proves the profound unity of concept that exists in Aristotle's Metaphysics. Reale's opposition to the genetic interpretation of the Metaphysics is an updated return to a more traditional view of Aristotle's work, one which runs counter to nearly all contemporary scholarship. Reale argues that Aristotle's first philosophy includes a study of being, a study of substance, a study of divine substance, and a study of principles and causes, all of which are integrated and dialectically reconciled.