Hans Jonas - Böcker

Hans Jonas here rethinks the foundations of ethics in light of the awesome transformations wrought by modern technology: the threat of nuclear war, ecological ravage, genetic engineering, and the like. Though informed by a deep reverence for human life, Jonas's ethics is grounded not in religion but in metaphysics, in a secular doctrine that makes explicit man's duties toward himself, his posterity, and the environment. Jonas offers an assessment of practical goals under present circumstances, ending with a critique of modern utopianism.

A classic of phenomenology and existentialism, The Phenomenon of Life sets forth a systematic and comprehensive philosophy--an existential interpretation of biological facts laid out in support of his claim that the mind is prefigured throughout organic existence. Hans Jonas shows how life-forms present themselves on an ascending scale of perception and freedom of action, a scale reaching its apex in a human being's capacity for thought and morally responsible behaviour.

Hans Jonas, a pupil of Heidegger and a colleague of Hannah Arendt at the New School for Social Research, was one of the most prominent phenomenologists of his generation. This carefully chosen anthology of Jonas's shorter writings - on topics from Jewish philosophy to philosophy of religion to philosophy of biology and social philosophy - reveals their range without obscuring their central unifying thread: that as living, biological beings, we are also beings who die, and who must consider the implications for current and future ethical and social relations. Grounded in Jonas's belief in the inseparability of ethics and metaphysics - the reality of values at the centre of being - and shaped by his experience as a Holocaust survivor, the deeply personal essays ""Mortality and morality"" arise from a Jewish thinker's attempt to make sense of the Jewish experience in the twentieth century. Lawrence Vogel's insightful introduction provides both historical and philosophical contexts in which to understand the importance and gravity of Jonas's thought.

When Hans Jonas died in 1993, he was revered among American scholars specializing in European philosophy, but his thought had not yet made great inroads among a wider public. In Germany, conversely, during the 1980s, when Jonas himself was an octogenarian, he became a veritable intellectual celebrity, owing to the runaway success of his 1979 book The Imperative of Responsibility. In the 1920s, Jonas studied philosophy with Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger, but the Nazi regime forced him to leave Germany for London in 1933. He later emigrated to Palestine and eventually enlisted in the British Army’s Jewish Brigade to fight against Hitler. Following the Israeli War of Independence, he emigrated to the United States and took a position at the New School for Social Research in New York. He became part of a circle of friends around Hannah Arendt and Heinrich Blucher, which included Adolph Lowe and Paul Tillich.   This memoir, a diverse collection of previously unpublished materials—diaries, letters, interviews, and public statements—has been organized by Christian Wiese, whose afterword links the Jewish dimensions of Jonas’s life and philosophy. Because Jonas’s life spanned the entire twentieth century, this memoir provides nuanced pictures of German Jewry during the Weimar Republic, of German Zionism, of the Jewish emigrants in Palestine during the 1930s and 1940s, and of German Jewish émigré intellectuals in New York. Since Memoirs was first published in 2008, interest in the work of Hans Jonas has grown among American academics in recent years.

Hans Jonas wurde 1903 in Mönchengladbach als Sohn eines Textilfabrikanten geboren. Er studierte in Freiburg bei Edmund Husserl und Martin Heidegger, in Berlin bei Eduard Spranger, Ernst Troeltsch und Eduard Meyer und in Marburg bei Heidegger und Rudolf Bultmann. 1928 wurde er dort mit der Arbeit "Der Begriff der Gnosis" promoviert. 1933 wanderte er zunächst nach London aus, ein Jahr später nach Jerusalem. Im gleichen Jahr erschien "Gnosis und spätantiker Geist. Erster Teil: Die mythologische Gnosis" dank des Engagements des protestantischen Theologen Rudolf Bultmann. Das Denken von Hans Jonas ist ohne die besonderen intellektuellen und biographischen Prägungen im Marburg der 1920er Jahre nicht zu verstehen. Neben Martin Heidegger ist hier vor allem Rudolf Bultmann zu nennen. Für das persönliche und intellektuelle Verhältnis zwischen Jonas und Bultmann ist ihr Briefwechsel eine entscheidende Quelle. Er erstreckt sich mit Unterbrechungen über fast ein halbes Jahrhundert, von 1928 bis 1976, und ist ein überaus eindrückliches Dokument einer Gelehrtenfreundschaft und Zeugnis eines bedeutsamen philosophisch-theologischen Dialogs zugleich: über Fragen der Gnosis, über Mythos und "Entmythologisierung" und - nicht zuletzt - auch über Heidegger und die Theologie. Die Edition der Korrespondenz wird in einem Anhang von weiteren Dokumenten flankiert, darunter u.a. die erstmals publizierten Gutachten von Martin Heidegger und Rudolf Bultmann zu Jonas' Dissertation über den Begriff der Gnosis 1928.