Hao Xu – författare

Optimal Networked Control Systems with MATLAB® discusses optimal controller design in discrete time for networked control systems (NCS). The authors apply several powerful modern control techniques in discrete time to the design of intelligent controllers for such NCS. Detailed derivations, rigorous stability proofs, computer simulation examples, and downloadable MATLAB® codes are included for each case.The book begins by providing background on NCS, networked imperfections, dynamical systems, stability theory, and stochastic optimal adaptive controllers in discrete time for linear and nonlinear systems. It lays the foundation for reinforcement learning-based optimal adaptive controller use for finite and infinite horizons. The text then: Introduces quantization effects for linear and nonlinear NCS, describing the design of stochastic adaptive controllers for a class of linear and nonlinear systemsPresents two-player zero-sum game-theoretic formulation for linear systems in input–output form enclosed by a communication networkAddresses the stochastic optimal control of nonlinear NCS by using neuro dynamic programmingExplores stochastic optimal design for nonlinear two-player zero-sum games under communication constraintsTreats an event-sampled distributed NCS to minimize transmission of state and control signals within the feedback loop via the communication networkCovers distributed joint optimal network scheduling and control design for wireless NCS, as well as the effect of network protocols on the wireless NCS controller design An ideal reference for graduate students, university researchers, and practicing engineers, Optimal Networked Control Systems with MATLAB® instills a solid understanding of neural network controllers and how to build them.

This Element aims to elucidate the theories of social cognition and to delineate their implications for the professional development of language teachers in primary and secondary schools. We first explore the concept of social cognition. The three key dimensions, that is, representation of social reality, social cognitive processing, and social mental abilities, of the social cognition theories are further elaborated with examples closely associated with language teaching and teacher development. We continue with more specific issues such as impression, attitude, emotion, and self-efficacy, which arise and develop as language teachers code, store, and retrieve information from social situations. We then discuss how social cognition influences teacher learning and development as observed and promoted within different social realities, and we end this Element with a call for a social-cognitive perspective on understanding language teachers' learning and development situated in diverse and changing contexts in and out of schools.

This Element aims to elucidate the theories of social cognition and to delineate their implications for the professional development of language teachers in primary and secondary schools. We first explore the concept of social cognition. The three key dimensions, that is, representation of social reality, social cognitive processing, and social mental abilities, of the social cognition theories are further elaborated with examples closely associated with language teaching and teacher development. We continue with more specific issues such as impression, attitude, emotion, and self-efficacy, which arise and develop as language teachers code, store, and retrieve information from social situations. We then discuss how social cognition influences teacher learning and development as observed and promoted within different social realities, and we end this Element with a call for a social-cognitive perspective on understanding language teachers' learning and development situated in diverse and changing contexts in and out of schools.

Through a comprehensive sociological examination of foreign language education within Chinese universities, Xu focuses on the intricate dynamics between teaching and research, economic considerations, and individual and community interactions.Through nine qualitative studies, the book explores the underlying structures and processes that shape the experiences of faculty members and the evolution of language education policies. It offers detailed insights into the sociological structures and hierarchies within foreign language education in China’s universities and uncovers how economic motives influence policy development and institutional practices in higher education. The content uses rich, qualitative case studies to provide real-world insights into the lived experiences of faculty members. The book explores the implications of policy and practice through a critical sociological lens, offering a unique viewpoint on language education.This book is essential reading for scholars and students of language education and language policy. It will also appeal to policymakers, university administrators, and educators interested in the complexities of foreign language education in China and the broader implications for higher education systems worldwide.

Framework for scanning modal parameters of bridges from vehicle responses utilizing the Vehicle Scanning Method (VSM) Advanced Vehicle Scanning Method: Bridge Modal Parameter Identification delivers a complete theoretical framework for scanning of the modal parameters (frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes) of bridges from vehicle responses. This book provides comprehensive coverage of the application of the Vehicle Scanning Method (VSM) for different types of bridges, which has the advantage of mobility, economy, and efficiency over the conventional, direct method. Most of the materials presented in each chapter have been published as technical papers in high-ranking international journals, which were subjected to critical reviews. The contents of the book have been arranged such that they are reflective of the progressive advancement of the VSM technique. Edited by a highly qualified team of authors including one of the original developers of the VSM technique, Advanced Vehicle Scanning Method includes information on: The theoretical basis for bridge frequency identification and scanning methods enhanced by software and hardware toolsThe damping formula for determining the bridge damping ratio from the spatial correlation of the front and rear wheels of a two-axle test vehicleThe methods for removing the damping distortion effect on bridge mode shape recovery with no prior knowledge of bridge damping ratiosThe theoretical basis of scanning frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes using VSM for various types of bridges, such as curved bridges and thin-walled girdersAdvanced Vehicle Scanning Method is an essential reference on the subject for researchers working on bridge dynamics, graduate students in programs of study related to vehicle-bridge interaction, and practicing bridge engineers.

Optimal Networked Control Systems with MATLAB® discusses optimal controller design in discrete time for networked control systems (NCS). The authors apply several powerful modern control techniques in discrete time to the design of intelligent controllers for such NCS. Detailed derivations, rigorous stability proofs, computer simulation examples, and downloadable MATLAB® codes are included for each case.The book begins by providing background on NCS, networked imperfections, dynamical systems, stability theory, and stochastic optimal adaptive controllers in discrete time for linear and nonlinear systems. It lays the foundation for reinforcement learning-based optimal adaptive controller use for finite and infinite horizons. The text then: Introduces quantization effects for linear and nonlinear NCS, describing the design of stochastic adaptive controllers for a class of linear and nonlinear systemsPresents two-player zero-sum game-theoretic formulation for linear systems in input–output form enclosed by a communication networkAddresses the stochastic optimal control of nonlinear NCS by using neuro dynamic programmingExplores stochastic optimal design for nonlinear two-player zero-sum games under communication constraintsTreats an event-sampled distributed NCS to minimize transmission of state and control signals within the feedback loop via the communication networkCovers distributed joint optimal network scheduling and control design for wireless NCS, as well as the effect of network protocols on the wireless NCS controller designAn ideal reference for graduate students, university researchers, and practicing engineers, Optimal Networked Control Systems with MATLAB® instills a solid understanding of neural network controllers and how to build them.

This book discusses effective and alternative uses for natural gas (NG) and highlights the utilization of NG in the field of methane activation and chemical production.  It details the techniques used during the reforming process of petrochemical and bio-derived fuels and it presents cutting-edge research that describes the utilization of NG that enables it to be more cost-effective and eliminate the expensive greenhouse gas emitting process of hydrogen production.  The book addresses three major topics: NG use in upstream heavy oil and bitumen upgrading, NG and its use in downstream oil refining through co-aromatization of various feeds in the petrochemical industry, and NG use in the upgrading of bio-derived fuels and discusses alternative uses of NG.  In-depth chapters demonstrate uses for NG beyond heating homes, through catalysis and in-situ hydrogen donation, and its potential applications for the petrochemical and biofuel industries.

This book discusses effective and alternative uses for natural gas (NG) and highlights the utilization of NG in the field of methane activation and chemical production.

A trustworthy repository provides assurance in the form of management documents, event logs, and audit trails that digital objects are being managed correctly. The assurance includes plans for the sustainability of the repository, the accession of digital records, the management of technology evolution, and the mitigation of the risk of data loss. A detailed assessment is provided by the ISO-16363:2012 standard, "Space data and information transfer systems—Audit and certification of trustworthy digital repositories." This book examines whether the ISO specification for trustworthiness can be enforced by computer actionable policies. An implementation of the policies is provided and the policies are sorted into categories for procedures to manage externally generated documents, specify repository parameters, specify preservation metadata attributes, specify audit mechanisms for all preservation actions, specify control of preservation operations, and control preservation properties as technology evolves. An application of the resulting procedures is made to enforce trustworthiness within National Science Foundation data management plans.

Policy-based data management enables the creation of community-specific collections. The integrated Rule-Oriented Data System implements the data management framework required to support policy-based data management.

Optical Imaging and Sensing Understand the future of optical imaging with this cutting-edge guide Optoelectronic devices for imaging and sensing are among the backbones of modern technology. Facilitating the mutual conversion of optical and electrical signals, they have applications from telecommunications to molecular spectroscopy, and their incorporation into photon-involved technologies is only growing. The rapid development of this field makes the need for a fully up-to-date introduction all the more critical. Optical Imaging and Sensing meets this need with a comprehensive guide to the novel materials and devices employed in optical imaging and sensing. Given the current revolution in new imaging materials, an introduction that fully incorporates the latest research is an indispensable tool for scientists and engineers in a huge range of fields. The technologies surveyed here promise to transform public security, 5G and next-generation wireless communication, clinical imaging, and many more. Optical Imaging and Sensing Readers will also find: Detailed discussion of materials including semimetallic graphene, semiconducting black phosphorous, and many moreDiscussion of devices from infrared photodetectors to nonlinear interferometersA thorough look forward to the future of the fieldOptical Imaging and Sensing is a useful reference for materials scientists, spectroscopists, semiconductor physicists, and engineers working in any field or industry involving optical imaging or sensing technology.

Micro-Mesoporous Metallosilicates Up-to-date and in-depth text bridging the technology gap between fundamental research and industry-scale applications of porous materials for catalysis Micro-Mesoporous Metallosilicates: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Applications comprehensively introduces the chemistry and catalytic technologies of metallosilicates, an important family of microporous crystalline zeolite and heteroatom-containing mesoporous materials, with a primary focus on design synthesis, characterization, theoretical studies, and catalytic applications of titanosilicates, tin-silicates, germanosilicates and Ti-mesosilica, and more. The text covers recent advances in the synthesis of titanosilicates, including hydrothermal synthesis, dry-gel conversion, fluoride-assisted synthesis, and post-synthesis methods, along with the synthesis of metallosilicates with two-dimensional lamellar structures and their structural modifications as well as applications in selective oxidation reactions. The text also discusses synthesis of germanosilicates with specially designed organic structure-directing agents, synthesis and catalytic applications of heteroatom-containing mesoporous silica, and dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles with unique wrinkled center-radial structures. Overall, every important porous metallosilicate and its synthesis, characterization, pore engineering, catalytic application, and industrial technique and process are covered. Specific sample topics discussed in Micro-Mesoporous Metallosilicates include: Chemical post-modifications of titanosilicates, in terms of the effects on transfer, adsorption/desorption, and surface reactionsX-Ray based techniques, ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and solid-state NMR spectroscopyTheoretical calculation as an effective tool and supplement to understand the catalytic active center, structural character, and Brønsted/Lewis acidityTitanosilicates in the liquid-phase epoxidation reaction of propylene and propylene chloride to corresponding epoxidesEffects of particle sizes, oxidation state, and location sites of Au nanoparticles, and epoxidation performance of Ti-containing materialsDelivering cutting-edge research and bridging the technology gap between fundamental research and industrial applications, Micro-Mesoporous Metallosilicates is a valuable resource for chemists, materials scientists, chemical engineers, and experienced researchers in related fields.

This book provides a comprehensive review of a new generation of selective oxidation titanosilicate catalysts with the MWW topology (Ti-MWW) based on the research achievements of the past 12 years. It gives an overview of the synthesis, structure modification and catalytic properties of Ti-MWW. Ti-MWW can readily be prepared by means of direct hydrothermal synthesis with crystallization-supporting agents, using dual-structure-directing agents and a dry-gel conversion technique. It also can be post-synthesized through unique reversible structure transformation and liquid-phase isomorphous substitution. The structural conversion of Ti-MWW into the materials usable for processing large molecules is summarized. Taking advantage of the structure diversity of the lamellar precursor of Ti-MWW, it can be fully or partially delaminated, and undergo interlayer silylation to obtain a novel structure with larger porosity. In the selective oxidation (alkene epoxidation and ketone/aldehyde ammoximation) with hydrogen peroxide or organic peroxide as an oxidant, the unique catalytic properties of Ti-MWW are described in comparison to conventional titanosilicates such as TS-1 and Ti-Beta.