Hasim Altan - Böcker
Visar alla böcker från författaren Hasim Altan. Handla med fri frakt och snabb leverans.
29 produkter
29 produkter
Transgressive Design Strategies for Utopian Cities
Theories, Methodologies and Cases in Architecture and Urbanism
Inbunden, Engelska, 2023
1 943 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book critically examines the philosophy of the term ‘transgression’ and how it shapes the utopian vision of contemporary urban design scenarios. The aim of this book is to provide scholarly yet accessible graphic novel illustrations to inform narratives of urban manifestos. Through four select case studies from the UK, Cyprus and Germany, the book highlights the paradoxes and contradictions in architecture and provides detailed evaluation of the limits and contemporary forms of sustainable urban regeneration. The book proposes an ‘utopian urban vision’ approach to social, political and cultural relations, trends and tensions – both locally and globally – and seeks to inspire an awakening in architectural discourse. The book argues that the philosophical undermining of transgression is the result of a phenomenon from a different perspective – its philosophical background, social construction, experimental research process and design implications on the city. As such, the book provides a critical examination of how architectural design interventions contribute to sustainable urban regeneration and gentrification and can impact local communities.This book provides a significant contribution to both undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as early career researchers working in architecture, planning and sustainable urban design. It offers effective guidance on adopting the state-of-the-art graphical illustrations into their own design projects, while considering contradictions between architectural discourse and the philosophy of transgression.
Transgressive Design Strategies for Utopian Cities
Theories, Methodologies and Cases in Architecture and Urbanism
Häftad, Engelska, 2024
594 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book critically examines the philosophy of the term ‘transgression’ and how it shapes the utopian vision of contemporary urban design scenarios. The aim of this book is to provide scholarly yet accessible graphic novel illustrations to inform narratives of urban manifestos. Through four select case studies from the UK, Cyprus and Germany, the book highlights the paradoxes and contradictions in architecture and provides detailed evaluation of the limits and contemporary forms of sustainable urban regeneration. The book proposes an ‘utopian urban vision’ approach to social, political and cultural relations, trends and tensions – both locally and globally – and seeks to inspire an awakening in architectural discourse. The book argues that the philosophical undermining of transgression is the result of a phenomenon from a different perspective – its philosophical background, social construction, experimental research process and design implications on the city. As such, the book provides a critical examination of how architectural design interventions contribute to sustainable urban regeneration and gentrification and can impact local communities.This book provides a significant contribution to both undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as early career researchers working in architecture, planning and sustainable urban design. It offers effective guidance on adopting the state-of-the-art graphical illustrations into their own design projects, while considering contradictions between architectural discourse and the philosophy of transgression.
Energy Policy Design in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin
A Roadmap to Energy Efficiency
Inbunden, Engelska, 2023
2 088 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book explores energy consumption and thermal comfort in the social housing sector in the Eastern Mediterranean basin. This book presents a novel methodological framework for the optimisation of post-war social housing developments in the Eastern Mediterranean climate. The authors draw on semi-structured interviews to present evidence on in situ thermal sensation and provide the results of walk-through and walk-in thermographic surveys to highlight building-fabric performance and highlight anomalies in the building envelopes. The authors go on to show how this data-informed retrofit design solution can be applied to reduce household energy consumption, increase awareness of domestic energy use and inform effective policymaking decisions in energy use in the Eastern Mediterranean basin, including the development of Energy Performance Certificate schemes. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy policy, energy efficiency and planning. It will also assist architects, building engineers and other practitioners in closing the gap between the current understanding and the actual performance of existing residential building stocks in the Eastern Mediterranean basin.
Energy Policy Design in the Eastern Mediterranean Basin
A Roadmap to Energy Efficiency
Häftad, Engelska, 2024
576 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book explores energy consumption and thermal comfort in the social housing sector in the Eastern Mediterranean basin. This book presents a novel methodological framework for the optimisation of post-war social housing developments in the Eastern Mediterranean climate. The authors draw on semi-structured interviews to present evidence on in situ thermal sensation and provide the results of walk-through and walk-in thermographic surveys to highlight building-fabric performance and highlight anomalies in the building envelopes. The authors go on to show how this data-informed retrofit design solution can be applied to reduce household energy consumption, increase awareness of domestic energy use and inform effective policymaking decisions in energy use in the Eastern Mediterranean basin, including the development of Energy Performance Certificate schemes. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of energy policy, energy efficiency and planning. It will also assist architects, building engineers and other practitioners in closing the gap between the current understanding and the actual performance of existing residential building stocks in the Eastern Mediterranean basin.
Energy Efficiency Applications in Buildings
Volume 1: Theories, Methods, and Tools
Inbunden, Engelska, 2025
2 427 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Energy Efficiency Applications in Buildings presents an investigation into the energy use and measures to improve the energy efficiency of existing building stock in the UK. The aim of this research is to assess the domestic energy use of statistically representative residential buildings and their occupants’ thermal comfort by considering the significant impact of overheating risks on energy consumption and occupants’ well-being.Divided into two volumes, these books present energy consumption and thermal comfort in the construction sector as a complex socio-technical problem that involves the analysis of an intrinsic interrelationship amongst dwellings, occupants, and the environment. Using case studies, the authors demonstrate the significance of improving energy efficiency and its impact on occupants during long-term heatwaves in the summer. Additionally, the volumes demonstrate how dynamic thermal energy simulation can be used as a learning laboratory for future trends in housing energy consumption reduction.Volume 1: Theories, Methods, and Tools presents the background to the research and the assessment methods and tools adopted by the research team.Volume 2: Performance Evaluation and Retrofitting Strategies describes the case studies and building performance and post-occupancy evaluations, before making strategic policy and retrofitting recommendations.The research and roadmap presented in these volumes can be used as a guidance tool for building energy modelling and performance simulation, enabling architects, building engineers, and other practitioners to close the gap between the current understanding and the actual performance of existing building stocks.
Energy Efficiency Applications in Buildings
Volume 2: Performance Evaluation and Retrofitting Strategies
Inbunden, Engelska, 2025
2 220 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Energy Efficiency Applications in Buildings presents an investigation into the energy use and measures to improve the energy efficiency of existing building stock in the UK. The aim of this research is to assess the domestic energy use of statistically representative residential buildings and their occupants’ thermal comfort by considering the significant impact of overheating risks on energy consumption and occupants’ well-being.Divided into two volumes, the books present energy consumption and thermal comfort in the construction sector as a complex socio-technical problem that involves the analysis of an intrinsic interrelationship amongst dwellings, occupants, and the environment. Using case studies, the authors demonstrate the significance of improving energy efficiency on the impact on occupants of long-term heatwaves in the summer.Additionally, the volumes demonstrate how dynamic thermal energy simulation can be used as a learning laboratory for future trends in housing energy consumption reduction. Volume 1: Theories, Methods, and Tools presents the background to the research and the assessment methods and tools adopted by the research team. Volume 2: Performance Evaluation and Retrofitting Strategies describes the case studies and building performance and post occupancy evaluations, before making strategic policy and retrofitting recommendations.The research and roadmap presented in these volumes can be used as a guidance tool for building energy modelling and performance simulation, enabling architects, building engineers, and other practitioners to close the gap between the current understanding and the actual performance of existing building stocks.
1 624 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Therefore, this book on "Advances in Engineering Science and Architectural Design" is provided to cover a wide range of topics in architecture, engineering, and technology.
1 624 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Therefore, this book on "Advances in Engineering Science and Architectural Design" is provided to cover a wide range of topics in architecture, engineering, and technology.
3 530 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book focuses on enhancing urban regeneration performance and strategies that pave the way toward sustainable urban development models and solutions. The book at hand thoroughly examines the latest studies on the regeneration of urban areas and attempts at alleviating the negative impacts associated with high population density and urban heat effects. It gathers contributions that combine theoretical reflections and international case studies on urban regeneration and transformation with the single goal of tackling existing social and economic imbalances and developing new solutions. The primary audience of this book will be from the field of architecture and urban planning, offering new insights on how to address the myriad of problems that our cities are facing.
3 530 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book focuses on enhancing urban regeneration performance and strategies that pave the way toward sustainable urban development models and solutions. The book at hand thoroughly examines the latest studies on the regeneration of urban areas and attempts at alleviating the negative impacts associated with high population density and urban heat effects. It gathers contributions that combine theoretical reflections and international case studies on urban regeneration and transformation with the single goal of tackling existing social and economic imbalances and developing new solutions. The primary audience of this book will be from the field of architecture and urban planning, offering new insights on how to address the myriad of problems that our cities are facing.
Advances in Architecture, Engineering and Technology
Smart Techniques in Urban Planning & Technology
Inbunden, Engelska, 2022
2 486 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book summarizes the latest studies regarding innovation in urban design and planning. It shares many tips and insights about sustainable solutions for the issues facing transport systems, innovative digital technologies, and ICT trends. The book touches upon the need to integrate the three fields of Architecture, Engineering, and Technology that have become indispensable. This is intended to respond to the increasing human needs and population growth in cities on one hand and to develop a holistic approach that helps overcome challenges to sustainability and environment management on the other hand. With the power of engineering in practice, problems of design and development once considered too complex to be dealt with other than empirically, intuitively, or by trial and error, are now becoming more solvable and applicable. This book offers strategies and solutions that enable designers to bring together knowledge in the fields of architecture, engineering, and technology to overcome challenges facing in modern times.
Advances in Architecture, Engineering and Technology : Smart Techniques in Urban Planning & Technology
Engelska, 2022
653 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
Advances in Architecture, Engineering and Technology
Smart Techniques in Urban Planning & Technology
Häftad, Engelska, 2023
2 486 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book summarizes the latest studies regarding innovation in urban design and planning. It shares many tips and insights about sustainable solutions for the issues facing transport systems, innovative digital technologies, and ICT trends. The book touches upon the need to integrate the three fields of Architecture, Engineering, and Technology that have become indispensable. This is intended to respond to the increasing human needs and population growth in cities on one hand and to develop a holistic approach that helps overcome challenges to sustainability and environment management on the other hand. With the power of engineering in practice, problems of design and development once considered too complex to be dealt with other than empirically, intuitively, or by trial and error, are now becoming more solvable and applicable. This book offers strategies and solutions that enable designers to bring together knowledge in the fields of architecture, engineering, and technology to overcome challenges facing in modern times.
Handbook of Retrofitting High Density Residential Buildings
Policy Design and Implications on Domestic Energy Use in the Eastern Mediterranean Climate of Cyprus
Inbunden, Engelska, 2023
2 486 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book investigates energy use and measures to improve the energy efficiency of public housing, using post-war social housing development estates in Cyprus as its example. On this Mediterranean island, which experiences hot and humid temperatures throughout the year, residential buildings need to adapt to the climate to improve the thermal comfort of their occupants. The book assesses the domestic energy use of inefficiently built residential tower blocks and their occupants’ thermal comfort by considering the significant impact of overheating risks on energy consumption and occupants’ thermal comfort and well-being, with the intention of evaluating the current energy performance of base-case representative residential tower blocks (RTBs). In particular, considering the cooling energy demand in the summer, using Famagusta, Cyprus as a case study. It seeks to identify the impact of occupancy patterns and habitual adaptive behaviour of households on home energy performance in order toprovide bases for the information needed to calibrate building energy performance of targeted households.
644 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
Handbook of Retrofitting High Density Residential Buildings
Policy Design and Implications on Domestic Energy Use in the Eastern Mediterranean Climate of Cyprus
Häftad, Engelska, 2024
2 486 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book investigates energy use and measures to improve the energy efficiency of public housing, using post-war social housing development estates in Cyprus as its example. On this Mediterranean island, which experiences hot and humid temperatures throughout the year, residential buildings need to adapt to the climate to improve the thermal comfort of their occupants. The book assesses the domestic energy use of inefficiently built residential tower blocks and their occupants’ thermal comfort by considering the significant impact of overheating risks on energy consumption and occupants’ thermal comfort and well-being, with the intention of evaluating the current energy performance of base-case representative residential tower blocks (RTBs). In particular, considering the cooling energy demand in the summer, using Famagusta, Cyprus as a case study. It seeks to identify the impact of occupancy patterns and habitual adaptive behaviour of households on home energy performance in order toprovide bases for the information needed to calibrate building energy performance of targeted households.
2 486 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Explore the forefront of urban resilience and sustainability with this groundbreaking collection of research and insights. From the 5th edition of the Resilient and Responsible Architecture and Urbanism (RRAU) conference, this book brings together diverse perspectives and innovative solutions for building resilient and sustainable cities of the future.Featuring contributions from leading scholars, practitioners, and policymakers, this book delves into the multifaceted dimensions of urban resilience at the city, community, and architectural scales. Discover case studies and research on smart urban furniture, medium-density urban planning, crime and urban resilience, green and cool roofs for extreme heat mitigation, and more.Dive into discussions on enhancing social resilience post-COVID-19, urban acupuncture theory for pandemic effects on public spaces, and street retrofitting interventions to boost community resilience. Explore resilient infrastructures, sustainable architectural design principles, and innovative approaches to construction waste management for a more sustainable future.This book serves as an invaluable resource for architects, urban planners, policymakers, researchers, and students interested in shaping the future of our cities. Whether you're seeking practical solutions or theoretical insights, "Integrating Resiliency into Future Sustainable Cities" offers a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in resilient and sustainable urban development.
2 486 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Explore the forefront of urban resilience and sustainability with this groundbreaking collection of research and insights. From the 5th edition of the Resilient and Responsible Architecture and Urbanism (RRAU) conference, this book brings together diverse perspectives and innovative solutions for building resilient and sustainable cities of the future.Featuring contributions from leading scholars, practitioners, and policymakers, this book delves into the multifaceted dimensions of urban resilience at the city, community, and architectural scales. Discover case studies and research on smart urban furniture, medium-density urban planning, crime and urban resilience, green and cool roofs for extreme heat mitigation, and more.Dive into discussions on enhancing social resilience post-COVID-19, urban acupuncture theory for pandemic effects on public spaces, and street retrofitting interventions to boost community resilience. Explore resilient infrastructures, sustainable architectural design principles, and innovative approaches to construction waste management for a more sustainable future.This book serves as an invaluable resource for architects, urban planners, policymakers, researchers, and students interested in shaping the future of our cities. Whether you're seeking practical solutions or theoretical insights, "Integrating Resiliency into Future Sustainable Cities" offers a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in resilient and sustainable urban development.
Sustainable Approaches to Environmental Design, Materials Science, and Engineering Technologies, Vol. 1
Inbunden, Engelska, 2025
3 025 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book highlights the sustainable innovation in environmental design, materials science, and engineering technologies. With contributions from leading experts, the book covers a wide range of topics including architectural design, urban planning, sustainable materials, and renewable energy technologies.
- Nyhet
Sustainable Approaches to Environmental Design, Materials Science, and Engineering Technologies, Vol. 1
Häftad, Engelska, 2026
3 025 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book highlights the sustainable innovation in environmental design, materials science, and engineering technologies. It provides a multidisciplinary approach to addressing contemporary challenges in creating resilient, efficient, and health-promoting built environments. With contributions from leading experts, the book covers a wide range of topics including architectural design, urban planning, sustainable materials, and renewable energy technologies. Also, it explores sustainable solutions and innovative practices across a range of disciplines essential for the future of our built environment. It examines architectural design, urban planning, and infrastructure, highlighting approaches that promote resilience and efficiency in urban settings. The book aligns with sustainable development goals, providing practical insights and strategies to achieve global sustainability targets. This book focuses on sustainable methodologies in material sciences, exploring the latest advancements in eco-friendly materials and their applications in construction. The integration of renewable energy technologies is thoroughly examined, showcasing how these innovations can reduce environmental impacts and enhance energy efficiency. Additionally, the book addresses the crucial theme of environmental integration and impacts, presenting comprehensive studies on the intersection of engineering technologies with environmental sustainability. Furthermore, it is an indispensable resource for professionals, researchers, and students dedicated to fostering sustainable development across multiple fields. It offers valuable guidance on implementing sustainable practices to create a healthier and more sustainable world.
3 025 kr
Skickas inom 7-10 vardagar
This book includes topics that explore diverse and innovative aspects of architectural design, urban planning, infrastructure, and engineering. The mechanical characteristics of sustainable rigid pavement using sintered fly ash aggregate are explored, as well as the impact of fiberglass reinforced concrete on sustainable design.
3 025 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book provides a comprehensive review of the latest research in cultural heritage, environmental design, materials science, and engineering technologies. Building on the success of the previous two conferences, the third edition aims to transcend conventional discussions and elevate the conversation to new heights. It aims to influence the future of environmental design, materials science, and engineering technologies. By focusing on innovative designs, sustainable practices, and principles of urban planning, it ensures that our built environment meets the changing needs of our communities. The careful combination of these factors promotes a more resilient and inclusive society, where our living spaces are not merely buildings but essential parts of a vibrant and interconnected social ecosystem. The book creates a platform for participants to share ideas and collaborate on tackling cultural heritage and modern challenges within these complex fields. It also explores a variety of subjects, including recent advancements in art and design, sustainable materials, environmental integration, and the intersection of various engineering disciplines. Grasping the properties of materials enables designer and engineers to create structures and technologies that are efficient and sustainable, playing a vital role in the overall advancement of our civilization.
- Nyhet
Towards Sustainable Urban Regeneration: Utilizing Environmental, Cultural, and Social Assets
Inbunden, Engelska, 2026
2 861 kr
Kommande
- Nyhet
Influences of Cultural Heritage on Innovative Fashion Designs and Sustainable Industries
Inbunden, Engelska, 2026
9 736 kr
Kommande
This book explores the dynamic intersections of fashion, culture, sustainability, and digital innovation, offering a multidisciplinary perspective on contemporary design and creative industries. Divided into six sections, it delves into the evolution of fashion as a medium of cultural expression, highlighting the role of sustainability in textile design and the preservation of heritage. It also examines the transformative impact of digital technologies in education and cultural conservation, from augmented reality applications to interactive design models. The discussion extends to sustainable practices in architecture and environmental design, emphasizing renewable energy solutions and eco-conscious fashion. Additionally, this book investigates the entrepreneurial landscape, showcasing innovative methodologies for SMEs and the creative economy. Finally, it presents innovative research methodologies that foster interdisciplinary collaborations, advancing systemic competencies in design and cultural studies. This book serves as a valuable resource for scholars, designers, industry professionals, and anyone interested in the future of creative and sustainable innovation.
- Nyhet
3 298 kr
Kommande
This book brings together a multidisciplinary collection of research that highlights innovative approaches to creating more sustainable, resilient, and inclusive environments. This volume addresses the urgent need to integrate ecological principles, technological advancements, and community-centered design in shaping the built environment. The contributions span a wide range of topics, including sustainable urbanism and inclusive city design, with a focus on climate adaptation, aging societies, and public space connectivity. Cultural heritage and community landscapes are explored through the lens of traditional architecture, urban morphology, and revitalization strategies. Advances in environmental technologies and renewable energy solutions are presented through studies on solar applications, PV-integrated designs, and energy-efficient systems. Water systems and blue-green infrastructure are examined in the context of arid urban environments and sustainable water harvesting. In the field of construction, the book explores circular economy practices, waste management, and sustainable materials. It also explores smart design and biophilic innovation, emphasizing the role of digital architecture and agile methodologies. Finally, it highlights environmental health and microbiological systems, investigating indoor air quality, material performance, and microbial ecology. This comprehensive volume serves as a valuable reference for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers committed to sustainable development through the integration of design, ecology, and engineering.
- Nyhet
Technological Innovations and Emerging Approaches for the Built Environment and Smart Cities
Inbunden, Engelska, 2026
3 684 kr
Kommande
This book offers an extensive summary of recent research on sustainable development in urban planning and architectural design, as presented at the ninth edition of the conference entitled “Urban Planning and Architectural Design for Sustainable Development (UPADSD)” that took place in Florence, Italy, from October 22nd to 24th, 2024. It serves as a forum for professionals, researchers, and individuals interested in urban planning and architectural design to share ideas, information, and experiences. The book is divided into two volumes, with the first volume concentrating on Urban Regeneration: Leveraging Environmental, Cultural, and Social Assets. This book is structured into four sections: Green Infrastructure and Urban Climate Resilience, Urban Design and Mobility Strategies for the Regeneration of Cities and Communities, Urban Heritage and Cultural Identity: Methods and Applications for Conservation, Design Approaches for Community Engagement and Social Sustainability.The second volume is dedicated to Technological Innovations and Emerging Approaches for the Built Environment and Smart Cities, comprising four sections: Innovative Building Materials and Techniques, Energy Efficiency and Climate Solutions in the Built Environment, Advanced Tools and Methods for Urban Analysis, Evaluation, and Decision-Making, Digital Transformation and Smart Cities. Envisioning the Urban Future.
- Nyhet
Sustainable Design, Art, and Innovation
A New Paradigm on Creative Practice — Edition 1 - Volume 1
Inbunden, Engelska, 2026
4 555 kr
Kommande
This book brings together a diverse collection of research and creative explorations at the intersection of design, sustainability, technology, and culture. The book showcases how design thinking, visual storytelling, and artistic practices can inspire environmental action, influence consumer behavior, and foster meaningful engagement with ecological issues. Through interdisciplinary approaches, it highlights the power of branding, communication, and human-centered design to create impactful experiences while examining the evolving relationship between architecture, spatial design, and well-being. The book further explores the future of fashion and textiles through innovative materials, zero-waste techniques, and digital technologies, emphasizing both artisanal traditions and advanced manufacturing. The book delves into the transformative role of artificial intelligence and digital media in shaping creative processes, while celebrating visual culture as a tool for identity, advocacy, and inclusion. Additionally, this book emphasizes systemic approaches to urban sustainability, material innovation, and circular economy models, offering visionary strategies for designing resilient and equitable futures. Together, the book creates a rich narrative of how creativity, technology, and design can drive cultural change and sustainable transformation.
- Nyhet
Urban Catalysts: Design, Planning, and Engineering for Environmental Improvement
Inbunden, Engelska, 2026
4 148 kr
Kommande
This book presents an interdisciplinary exploration of sustainable development within the built environment, uniting research across architecture, urban planning, structural engineering, and environmental sciences. It emphasizes the integration of traditional knowledge with modern technologies to create adaptive, resilient, and human-centered design solutions.The studies compiled in this book highlight innovative approaches in sustainable architecture, heritage conservation, interior and biophilic design, and advanced material technologies. They also examine the transformative role of artificial intelligence and emerging engineering techniques in enhancing construction efficiency, structural performance, and environmental responsibility.Addressing the global challenges of climate change, urban growth, and resource management, this collection provides forward-thinking strategies and real-world case studies that inspire smarter, greener, and more sustainable communities. It serves as a valuable reference for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers dedicated to shaping the future of sustainable architecture and engineering.
Towards Sustainable Cities in Asia and the Middle East
Proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition, Egypt 2017 on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures
Häftad, Engelska, 2017
1 064 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This volume presents innovative work on innovative methods, tools and practices aimed at supporting the transition of Asian and Middle Eastern cities and regions towards a more smart and sustainable dimension. The role of the built and urban environment are becoming more pronounced in Asia and Middle East as the regions continues to experience rapid increase in population and urbanisation, which have only led to an increase in environmental degradation but also rise in energy consumption and emissions. Individual chapters covers timely topics such as sustainable infrastructure, transportation, renewable energy, water and methods supporting an innovative and sustainable development of urban areas. Real-world examples are presented to highlight recent developments and advancements in design, construction and transportation infrastructures. This volume is part of the proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2017.