Helen Young – författare

The typical vision of the Middle Ages western popular culture represents to its global audience is deeply Eurocentric. The Lord of the Rings and Game of Thrones imagined entire medievalist worlds, but we see only a fraction of them through the stories and travels of the characters. Organised around the theme of mobility, this Element seeks to deconstruct the Eurocentric orientations of western popular medievalisms which typically position Europe as either the whole world or the centre of it, by making them visible and offering alternative perspectives. How does popular culture represent medievalist worlds as global-connected by the movement of people and objects? How do imagined mobilities allow us to create counterstories that resist Eurocentric norms? This study represents the start of what will hopefully be a fruitful and inclusive conversation of what the Middle Ages did, and should, look like.

Designed to increase confidence, help you recognise different question types, understand connections between concepts, reflect on progress and manage test anxiety. Activities improve your ability to recall knowledge and answer effectively. The digital resource includes 200 auto-marked multiple-choice questions and 200 flip card questions. This text has not been through the endorsement process for the Cambridge Pathway. Any references or materials related to answers, grades, papers or examinations are based on the opinion of the author(s). The Cambridge International Education syllabus or curriculum framework associated assessment guidance material and specimen papers should always be referred to for definitive guidance.

Sustaining and strengthening local livelihoods is one of the most fundamental challenges faced by post-conflict countries. By degrading the natural resources that are essential to livelihoods and by significantly hindering access to those resources, conflict can wreak havoc on the ability of war-torn populations to survive and recover. This book explores how natural resource management initiatives in more than twenty countries and territories have supported livelihoods and facilitated post-conflict peacebuilding. Case studies and analyses identify lessons and opportunities for the more effective design of interventions to support the livelihoods that depend on natural resources – from land to agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and protected areas. The book also explores larger questions about how to structure livelihoods assistance as part of a coherent, integrated approach to post-conflict redevelopment. Livelihoods and Natural Resources in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding is part of a global initiative to identify and analyze lessons in post-conflict peacebuilding and natural resource management. The project has generated six books of case studies and analyses, with contributions from practitioners, policy makers, and researchers. Other books in this series address high value resources, land, water, assessing and restoring natural resources, and governance.

This book illuminates the racialized nature of twenty-first century Western popular culture by exploring how discourses of race circulate in the Fantasy genre. It examines not only major texts in the genre, but also the impact of franchises, industry, editorial and authorial practices, and fan engagements on race and representation. Approaching Fantasy as a significant element of popular culture, it visits the struggles over race, racism, and white privilege that are enacted within creative works across media and the communities which revolve around them. While scholars of Science Fiction have explored the genre’s racialized constructs of possible futures, this book is the first examination of Fantasy to take up the topic of race in depth. The book’s interdisciplinary approach, drawing on Literary, Cultural, Fan, and Whiteness Studies, offers a cultural history of the anxieties which haunt Western popular culture in a century eager to declare itself post-race. The beginnings of the Fantasy genre’s habits of whiteness in the twentieth century are examined, with an exploration of the continuing impact of older problematic works through franchising, adaptation, and imitation. Young also discusses the major twenty-first century sub-genres which both re-use and subvert Fantasy conventions. The final chapter explores debates and anti-racist praxis in authorial and fan communities. With its multi-pronged approach and innovative methodology, this book is an important and original contribution to studies of race, Fantasy, and twenty-first century popular culture.

This book illuminates the racialized nature of twenty-first century Western popular culture by exploring how discourses of race circulate in the Fantasy genre. It examines not only major texts in the genre, but also the impact of franchises, industry, editorial and authorial practices, and fan engagements on race and representation. Approaching Fantasy as a significant element of popular culture, it visits the struggles over race, racism, and white privilege that are enacted within creative works across media and the communities which revolve around them. While scholars of Science Fiction have explored the genre’s racialized constructs of possible futures, this book is the first examination of Fantasy to take up the topic of race in depth. The book’s interdisciplinary approach, drawing on Literary, Cultural, Fan, and Whiteness Studies, offers a cultural history of the anxieties which haunt Western popular culture in a century eager to declare itself post-race. The beginnings of the Fantasy genre’s habits of whiteness in the twentieth century are examined, with an exploration of the continuing impact of older problematic works through franchising, adaptation, and imitation. Young also discusses the major twenty-first century sub-genres which both re-use and subvert Fantasy conventions. The final chapter explores debates and anti-racist praxis in authorial and fan communities. With its multi-pronged approach and innovative methodology, this book is an important and original contribution to studies of race, Fantasy, and twenty-first century popular culture.

A new series of full-coverage resources developed for the AQA 2016 A/AS Level Geography specification. This Student Book and digital bundle covers all core and optional units for the AQA A/AS Level Geography specification for first teaching from 2016. These resources encourage students to develop links between physical and human topics, consolidate knowledge from earlier learning and acquire new geographical skills. The tablet-friendly Cambridge Elevate-enhanced Edition includes rich digital content such as videos that bring learning to life and downloadable content that provide scaffolding and stretch opportunities. This interactive resource also allows student to annotate text and add audio notes, and enables teachers to assess, track and report on students' progress.

A new series of bespoke, full-coverage resources developed for the AQA 2016 GCSE Geography qualification Written for the AQA GCSE Geography specification for first teaching from 2016, this print Student Book fully covers the new AQA GCSE Geography qualification. This full-colour book includes differentiated activities providing support for weaker students and stretch for more able students. Test your progress pages provide regular assessment practice and opportunities for students to check their progress, and a dedicated section on skills development helps to reinforce understanding. This Student Book also includes specially written decision-making exercises, guidance on carrying out fieldwork plus activities to help develop fieldwork skills, and a range of up-to-date UK and international case studies.

A new series of bespoke, full-coverage resources developed for the AQA 2016 GCSE Geography qualification Written for the AQA GCSE Geography specification for first teaching from 2016, this print Student Book and digital bundle fully covers the AQA GCSE Geography specification. The full-colour Student Book provides dedicated skills development support and assessment practice and guidance, as well as a range of differentiated activities. Guidance on carrying out fieldwork plus a range of up-to-date UK and international case studies are also included. The tablet-friendly Digital Student Book allows students and teachers to annotate text. This interactive resource also includes animations and videos to bring learning to life.

A new series of full-coverage resources developed for the AQA 2016 A/AS Level Geography specification. This full-colour Student Book covers all core and optional units for the AQA AS and A Level Geography specification for first teaching from September 2016. Students are encouraged to develop links between physical and human topics, understand systems, processes, and acquire geographical skills. Helping to bridge the gap from GCSE to A Level, it also provides support for fieldwork skills and for the geographical investigation at A Level. A 'Maths for geographers' feature helps students develop and apply their mathematical and statistical skills, and a range of assessment-style questions support students in developing their exam skills.

The emergence of radical thought and politics in Europe is often traced back to the 17th century and the English Civil War to groups such as the Levellers and the Diggers. In such narratives, the Middle Ages is typically perceived as a time of traditionalism and conformism. In this interdisciplinary study, Daniel Wollenberg challenges readers to re-assess medieval Europe as a crucial locus of revolutionary thought, social justice, and political reform. An innovative examination of reformist and egalitarian ideas, Medieval Radicalism begins by grounding medieval radical thought in medieval Christian theology. Then, drawing on archival sources, Wollenberg shines a light on the calls, protests, and actions of societal – political, economic, and gendered – change across Europe from 1100 to the end of the English Civil War. This nuanced study pieces together reformist voices of the later medieval and early modern periods in Europe and counters notions of medieval orthodoxy. The result is a sophisticated analysis of voices of radicalism which will be of immense value to all scholars of medieval Europe.

An exploration of how popes attempted to construct, maintain, and represent their power beyond Europe’s eastern frontiers during the Avignon period of the 14th century. After the main, numbered, crusades concluded with the loss of the Holy Land at the end of the 13th century, the papacy did not withdraw from or scale back its interests and activities in the Eastern Mediterranean. As the papacy moved to Avignon in 1305, in part to be nearer the increasingly troublesome Western and Northern European kingdoms, it maintained strong ties with the East and claimed control over a wide range of activities in the Eastern Mediterranean. This book, based primarily on the letters sent by the popes in the Vatican Archives, explores the power and authority of the popes in their attempts at influencing events in the Eastern Mediterranean during the 14th century.The Avignon Popes and the Eastern Mediterranean explores a wide set of circumstances and situations, taking into account efforts to control Latin activity beyond Europe, how the popes interacted with and attempted to control non-Latin Churches, and how the popes acted as a Europe-wide political body in diplomatic activities with the Mamluks and the Mongols. James Hill looks at how, in its dealings with the wider world, the papacy continuously encountered the same issue: its position as head of the Church gave it significant authority, but it was often unable to compel actions it wanted. Hill expertly charts how the popes attempted to use their authority to achieve concrete results, and the extent to which those attempts were successful.

Examines the development, nature, and significance of gritty (neo)medievalism in popular culture, from Assassins Creed: Valhalla and Berserk to Robert Eggers' The Northman.Twenty-first-century popular culture has a fascination for the medieval. Its imagery, tropes and settings have become an integral part of the epic fantasy genre across different media, demonstrated by and following the success of such globally acclaimed television shows as Game of Thrones and Vikings. This volume studies this phenomenon, aiming to establish a broader understanding of why the Middle Ages have become so popular in an era of transmedia productions; it argues that concepts of accuracy and "authenticity" are key to this popularity, alongside engagement with contemporary debates about identity, race and gender, and agile responses to fan-community and media critiques.The essays address a variety of topics, from worldbuilding and narrative structures to female agency and the reception of Vikings, across a wide range of media, including film, television, literature, video games and manga. It also explores how contemporary fantasy engages with both academic knowledge and developments in imagination more widely, responding to ever-changing ideas about how an "authentic" Middle Ages may be created.

Sustaining and strengthening local livelihoods is one of the most fundamental challenges faced by post-conflict countries. By degrading the natural resources that are essential to livelihoods and by significantly hindering access to those resources, conflict can wreak havoc on the ability of war-torn populations to survive and recover. This book explores how natural resource management initiatives in more than twenty countries and territories have supported livelihoods and facilitated post-conflict peacebuilding. Case studies and analyses identify lessons and opportunities for the more effective design of interventions to support the livelihoods that depend on natural resources – from land to agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and protected areas. The book also explores larger questions about how to structure livelihoods assistance as part of a coherent, integrated approach to post-conflict redevelopment. Livelihoods and Natural Resources in Post-Conflict Peacebuilding is part of a global initiative to identify and analyze lessons in post-conflict peacebuilding and natural resource management. The project has generated six books of case studies and analyses, with contributions from practitioners, policy makers, and researchers. Other books in this series address high value resources, land, water, assessing and restoring natural resources, and governance.