Hui Li - Böcker

About 90 percent of this excessive heat is due to buildings and pavements that absorb and store solar heat (According to the Green Buildings Council). The only reference that focuses specifically on pavements, Pavement Materials for Heat Island Mitigation: Design and Management Strategies explores different advanced paving materials, their properties, and their associated advantages and disadvantages. Relevant properties of pavement materials (e.g. albedo, permeability, thermal conductivity, heat capacity and evaporation rate) are measured in many cases using newly developed methods.

Includes experimental methods for testing different types of pavements materials Identifies different cool pavement strategies with their advantages and associated disadvantages Design and construct local microclimate models to evaluate and validate different cool pavement materials in different climate regions

The first two chapters of this book are an update and outgrowth of the monograph Nonequilibrium Phenomena in Polyatomic Gases published by OUP in 1990, and a response to considerable improvements in the experimental determination of the transport properties of dilute gases that have taken place during the past 30 years. The experimental determination has improved sufficiently that it has become necessary to carry out calculations at the level of the second Chapman-Cowling approximation in order to give computed results that lie within the current experimental uncertainties now being reported. Chapter 3 is devoted to realistic interatomic potential energy functions, and begins with a discussion of the need for more accurate representations of these functions. Direct inversion of both microscopic data (spectroscopic transition frequencies and atomic beam scattering) and bulk property data (pressure and acoustic second virial coefficients, transport properties) are discussed in detail. The quantum chemical ab initio determination of binary atomic interaction energies and their analytical representation are discussed, followed by a detailed considerations of the interaction energies between pairs of noble gas atoms. Chapter 4 is concerned with connections between theory and experiment, including a detailed discussion of pure noble gases and their binary mixtures. Chapter 5 focuses on how to obtain the spectroscopic and thermophysical properties of a specific molecular system theoretically step by step, and provides a reference for the specific theoretical calculation work.

Lulu and her dog Dumpling enter a magical world where Chinese calligraphy comes to life in this beautifully illustrated, interactive picture book about family, tradition, and the importance of kindness.After Grandpa introduces calligraphy and Chinese characters to Lulu and her dog Dumpling, they find themselves magically transported to a world where the characters they draw come to life! Soon Lulu and Dumpling meet a bird, a zither-playing musician, and many other animated friends. But when they discover an angry dragon, Lulu is not sure how to draw them out of this tense encounter.Spanning themes of art and history, this inventive story introduces children to complex Chinese characters, celebrates family and tradition, and shows how resourcefulness and kindness can save the day.

Large-scale commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology has been hindered by issues of reliability, durability, and cost, which are all related to the degradation of fuel cell performance. This degradation often has root causes in contamination from fuel, air streams, or system components. With contributions from international scientists and engineers active in PEMFC research, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Contamination and Mitigation Strategies discusses the impacts of contamination and the contamination mitigation strategies to improve fuel cell performance and durability.The book covers the nature, sources, and electrochemistry of contaminants; their effects on fuel cell performance and lifetime; and the mechanisms of contamination. Exploring the major findings from experimental and theoretical studies in contamination-related research, the expert contributors present methods and tools used for diagnosing various contamination phenomena, along with strategies for mitigating the adverse effects of contamination. They also describe key issues in the future R&D of fuel cell contamination and control.Helping to facilitate pioneering PEMFC R&D and accelerate sustainable commercialization, this book contains the latest research efforts and novel developments as well as important new directions in PEMFC contamination. It offers a comprehensive overview of nearly every aspect of fuel cell contamination, from fundamentals to applications.

Although Chinese societies have generally become striking as the classic over-achievers in international measures of academic performance, there has been no specialised publication exploring early childhood curriculum in Chinese contexts. Through this book, readers will learn more about how the Chinese context and culture collide with educators’ beliefs about the right activities for children and educators in early childhood settings. This book will be the first one of its kind to focus on early childhood curriculum in Chinese societies – from social context and culture to reforms and practices, and finally to the lessons that researchers, policymakers and practitioners could learn, as well as future directions. Is play valued? Are young children schooled earlier in Chinese societies? How do Chinese children learn in kindergartens? What is valued by Chinese educators when they implement early childhood curricula? How do Chinese teachers deliver early childhood curricula for their young children? Why were Chinese early childhood curricula implemented in these ways? Answers to these questions and more will be provided in this pioneering book.

SHMII-2’2005 provided international scientists, engineers, enterprisers and young researchers with a forum for exchange about recent advances, potential international cooperation and multi-disciplinary activities. Ideas were pooled about the state-of-the-art, state-of-the-practice, and future trends of smart sensors, advanced sensor networks and integrated systems for structural health monitoring of intelligent infrastructures, and "real-time monitored data" based damage identification and localization, model updating, safety evaluation and reliability forecast and also damage control, maintenance and retrofit decision-making, and life-cycle performance-based design of infrastructures.Topics covered in these proceedings include: Smart and Advanced Sensors, Wireless and Advanced Sensor Networks, Data Acquisition, Processing and Management, Damage Identification and Localization, Model Updating, Safety Evaluation and Reliability Forecasting, Damage Control, Repair and Strengthening, Smart Materials and Structures, Global Positioning Systems (GPS) and Systems Analysing Wind and Earthquake, Hazard Mitigation of Civil Infrastructure, Remote Monitoring Systems, Integrated Systems and Implementations of SHM.

The Chinese language is now used by a quarter of the world’s population and is increasingly popular as a second language. Teaching Chinese Literacy in the Early Years comprehensively investigates the psychology, pedagogy and practice involved in teaching Chinese literacy to young children. This text not only explores the psycholinguistic and neuropsychological processing involved in learning Chinese literacy but also introduces useful teaching methods and effective practices relevant for teaching within early years and primary education.Key issues explored within this text include: The Psycholinguistics of Chinese Literacy Neuropsychological Understanding of Chinese Literacy The pedagogy of teaching Chinese as a first language The Pedagogy of Teaching Chinese as a second language Teaching Chinese literacy in early childhood settings Assessing Chinese Literacy Attainment in the Early YearsWith the addition of two reliable Chinese literacy scales, Teaching Chinese Literacy in the Early Years is an essential text for any student, lecturer or professional teacher who is interested in learning and teaching Chinese literacy.

The book investigates cognitive development in young children through a series of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies conducted by the author and his team.It explores the neural correlates of cognitive processes, such as mental rotation, inhibitory control, and joint attention, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying these processes in preschoolers. Methodological advancements in fNIRS research, including multivariable and multiscale sample entropy analysis, are highlighted to demonstrate cutting-edge approaches in studying neurocognitive development. Furthermore, the book examines the influence of sociocultural and linguistic factors on cognitive processes. Through a multidisciplinary approach that integrates developmental psychology, neuroscience, and education, it offers a comprehensive perspective on neurocognitive development in preschoolers, contributing to the evolving discourse on early childhood cognitive functioning and laying the groundwork for future research directions.The book will appeal to scholars of developmental psychology, neuroscience, and education. It also provides practical implications for educators, policymakers, and practitioners working with preschoolers.

This detailed volume presents a comprehensive methodological guide for the study of chimeric RNAs, from their discovery in high-throughput datasets to their validation in the lab and characterization in biological and clinical contexts. Beginning with chapters dedicated to the identification and characterization of chimeric RNAs using numerous bioinformatic tools, this book continues by covering experimental validation and quantification of chimeric RNAs, methods for chimeric RNA functional and mechanistic studies, and translational application of chimeric RNAs and case studies. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters generally include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips for troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.Authoritative and up-to-date, Chimeric RNAs: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition serves as an ideal guide to the practical guidance and conceptual grounding needed to advance your work in this increasingly vital area of study.

PEM Fuel Cell Diagnostic Tools presents various tools for diagnosing PEM fuel cells and stacks, including in situ and ex situ diagnostic tools, electrochemical techniques, and physical/chemical methods. The text outlines the principles, experimental implementation, data processing, and application of each technique, along with its capabilities and weaknesses.The book covers many diagnostics employed in the characterization and determination of fuel cell performance. It discusses commonly used conventional tools, such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It also examines special tools developed specifically for PEM fuel cells, including transparent cells, cathode discharge, and current mapping, as well as recent advanced tools for diagnosis, such as magnetic resonance imaging and atomic force microscopy. For clarity, the book splits these diagnostic methodologies into two parts—in situ and ex situ. To better understand the tools, PEM fuel cell testing is also discussed. Each self-contained chapter provides cross-references to other chapters.Written by international scientists active in PEM fuel cell research, this volume incorporates state-of-the-art technical advances in PEM fuel cell diagnosis. The diagnostic tools presented help readers to understand the physical and chemical phenomena involved in PEM fuel cells.

PEM Fuel Cell Failure Mode Analysis presents a systematic analysis of PEM fuel cell durability and failure modes. It provides readers with a fundamental understanding of insufficient fuel cell durability, identification of failure modes and failure mechanisms of PEM fuel cells, fuel cell component degradation testing, and mitigation strategies against degradation.The first several chapters of the book examine the degradation of various fuel cell components, including degradation mechanisms, the effects of operating conditions, mitigation strategies, and testing protocols. The book then discusses the effects of different contamination sources on the degradation of fuel cell components and explores the relationship between external environment and the degradation of fuel cell components and systems. It also reviews the correlation between operational mode, such as start-up and shut-down, and the degradation of fuel cell components and systems. The last chapter explains how the design of fuel cell hardware relates to failure modes.Written by international scientists active in PEM fuel cell research, this volume is enriched with practical information on various failure modes analysis for diagnosing cell performance and identifying failure modes of degradation. This in turn helps in the development of mitigation strategies and the increasing commercialization of PEM fuel cells.

Although Chinese societies have generally become striking as the classic over-achievers in international measures of academic performance, there has been no specialised publication exploring early childhood curriculum in Chinese contexts. Through this book, readers will learn more about how the Chinese context and culture collide with educators’ beliefs about the right activities for children and educators in early childhood settings. This book will be the first one of its kind to focus on early childhood curriculum in Chinese societies – from social context and culture to reforms and practices, and finally to the lessons that researchers, policymakers and practitioners could learn, as well as future directions. Is play valued? Are young children schooled earlier in Chinese societies? How do Chinese children learn in kindergartens? What is valued by Chinese educators when they implement early childhood curricula? How do Chinese teachers deliver early childhood curricula for their young children? Why were Chinese early childhood curricula implemented in these ways? Answers to these questions and more will be provided in this pioneering book.

The Chinese language is now used by a quarter of the world’s population and is increasingly popular as a second language. Teaching Chinese Literacy in the Early Years comprehensively investigates the psychology, pedagogy and practice involved in teaching Chinese literacy to young children. This text not only explores the psycholinguistic and neuropsychological processing involved in learning Chinese literacy but also introduces useful teaching methods and effective practices relevant for teaching within early years and primary education.Key issues explored within this text include: The Psycholinguistics of Chinese Literacy Neuropsychological Understanding of Chinese Literacy The pedagogy of teaching Chinese as a first language The Pedagogy of Teaching Chinese as a second language Teaching Chinese literacy in early childhood settings Assessing Chinese Literacy Attainment in the Early YearsWith the addition of two reliable Chinese literacy scales, Teaching Chinese Literacy in the Early Years is an essential text for any student, lecturer or professional teacher who is interested in learning and teaching Chinese literacy.

An ever-increasing dependence on green energy has brought on a renewed interest in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis as a viable solution for hydrogen production. While alkaline water electrolyzers have been used in the production of hydrogen for many years, there are certain advantages associated with PEM electrolysis and its relevance to renewable energy sources. PEM Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production: Principles and Applications discusses the advantages of PEM electrolyzers over alkaline electrolyzers, presents the recent advances of hydrogen PEM fuel cells accelerating the large-scale commercialization of PEM electrolysis, and considers the challenges that must be addressed before PEM electrolysis can become a commercially feasible option. Written by international scientists in PEM electrolysis and fuel cell research areas, this book addresses the demand for energy storage technologies that store intermittent renewable energy and offers the most complete and up-to-date information on PEM electrolysis technology and research. The authors: Cover the fundamental applications of PEM electrolysisReview the state-of-the-art technologies and challenges related to each of the components of the PEM electrolysisAddress failure analysis and review available failure diagnostic toolsProvide future direction for researchers and technology developersPEM Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production: Principles and Applications provides a fundamental understanding of the requirements and functionalities of certain components and attributes of the PEM electrolysis technology that are common for both PEM fuel cells’ and electrolyzers’ hydrogen applications for energy storage. Beneficial to students and professionals, the text serves as a handbook for identifying PEM electrolysis failure modes and diagnosing electrolyzer performance to improve efficiency and durability.

Technical theory, key technologies, and practical applications for consortium blockchains, with a solution to the CAP trilemma problem Principles and Applications of Blockchain Systems provides a comprehensive introduction to consortium blockchains, including the physical, network, consensus, and contract layers, covering technical theory, key technologies, and practical applications. Beyond the technical side, this book visually showcases the application potential of consortium blockchains, with information on implementation cases in network management (Multi-Identifier System) and secure storage (Mimic Distributed Storage System). This book thoroughly addresses the CAP trilemma problem for consortium blockchains, a major barrier to scalability, by presenting a novel quantifiable impossibility triangle with a solution. Additionally, optimization techniques in consortium blockchains, such as P2P protocols for future networks and consensus algorithms, are discussed in detail. Written by two highly qualified academics with significant experience in the field, Principles and Applications of Blockchain Systems discusses topics such as: Peer-to-peer networks in consortium blockchains, covering P2P network architecture and node discovery, data synchronization, and gossip protocolsBasic concepts of distributed consistency, including the SMR model in blockchain systems, assumptions for distributed networks, and the Byzantine Generals problemConsensus mechanisms evolution process from voting-based, including PBFT, RPCA, SCP, and CoT; to proof-based including PoW, PoS, and PoX; finally optimized by fusion both voting-based and proof-based, including PoV, PPoV, HotStuffTypes of vulnerability for smart contracts, covering solidity code, EVM execution, and blockchain system layersHistorical trend of upgrade from electronic consensus to quantum consensusWith highly comprehensive coverage of the subject, Principles and Applications of Blockchain Systems serves as an ideal textbook for blockchain students and researchers, and a valuable reference book for engineers and business leaders involved in developing real-world blockchain systems.

A complete and up-to-date overview of popular and practical erasure codes in distributed storage In Distributed Storage in Practice, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a comprehensive discussion on distributed storage coding and distributed storage systems. Divided into two parts, the book first explores distributed storage coding technology based on Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) codes, including array codes, Reed-Solomon codes, locally repairable codes, and regenerating codes. It then goes on to examine the challenges presented by repairing distributed data in real-world scenarios. Distributed Storage in Practice uses two perspectives: practical optimization of distributed storage coding and emerging technologies such as blockchain. It discusses the technical foundations of blockchain and integrates block­chain into distributed storage systems and offers an overview of several popular blockchain-based storage systems. It also includes: A thorough introduction to the current development of quantum technology, including its fundamentals, quantum memory, quantum computers, quantum security, and quantum networksComprehensive explorations of data recovery methods for specific networked distributed storage scenariosPractical integrations of theory and practice, including classic techniques and the most recent advancements in storage codingA practical example of a distributed secure storage system integrated with blockchain technologyPerfect for researchers and undergraduate and graduate students studying computer science, Distributed Storage in Practice will also benefit blockchain professionals.

Large-scale commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) technology has been hindered by issues of reliability, durability, and cost, which are all related to the degradation of fuel cell performance. This degradation often has root causes in contamination from fuel, air streams, or system components. With contributions from international scientists and engineers active in PEMFC research, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Contamination and Mitigation Strategies discusses the impacts of contamination and the contamination mitigation strategies to improve fuel cell performance and durability.The book covers the nature, sources, and electrochemistry of contaminants; their effects on fuel cell performance and lifetime; and the mechanisms of contamination. Exploring the major findings from experimental and theoretical studies in contamination-related research, the expert contributors present methods and tools used for diagnosing various contamination phenomena, along with strategies for mitigating the adverse effects of contamination. They also describe key issues in the future R&D of fuel cell contamination and control.Helping to facilitate pioneering PEMFC R&D and accelerate sustainable commercialization, this book contains the latest research efforts and novel developments as well as important new directions in PEMFC contamination. It offers a comprehensive overview of nearly every aspect of fuel cell contamination, from fundamentals to applications.

PEM Fuel Cell Failure Mode Analysis presents a systematic analysis of PEM fuel cell durability and failure modes. It provides readers with a fundamental understanding of insufficient fuel cell durability, identification of failure modes and failure mechanisms of PEM fuel cells, fuel cell component degradation testing, and mitigation strategies against degradation.The first several chapters of the book examine the degradation of various fuel cell components, including degradation mechanisms, the effects of operating conditions, mitigation strategies, and testing protocols. The book then discusses the effects of different contamination sources on the degradation of fuel cell components and explores the relationship between external environment and the degradation of fuel cell components and systems. It also reviews the correlation between operational mode, such as start-up and shut-down, and the degradation of fuel cell components and systems. The last chapter explains how the design of fuel cell hardware relates to failure modes.Written by international scientists active in PEM fuel cell research, this volume is enriched with practical information on various failure modes analysis for diagnosing cell performance and identifying failure modes of degradation. This in turn helps in the development of mitigation strategies and the increasing commercialization of PEM fuel cells.

PEM Fuel Cell Diagnostic Tools presents various tools for diagnosing PEM fuel cells and stacks, including in situ and ex situ diagnostic tools, electrochemical techniques, and physical/chemical methods. The text outlines the principles, experimental implementation, data processing, and application of each technique, along with its capabilities and weaknesses.The book covers many diagnostics employed in the characterization and determination of fuel cell performance. It discusses commonly used conventional tools, such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It also examines special tools developed specifically for PEM fuel cells, including transparent cells, cathode discharge, and current mapping, as well as recent advanced tools for diagnosis, such as magnetic resonance imaging and atomic force microscopy. For clarity, the book splits these diagnostic methodologies into two parts—in situ and ex situ. To better understand the tools, PEM fuel cell testing is also discussed. Each self-contained chapter provides cross-references to other chapters.Written by international scientists active in PEM fuel cell research, this volume incorporates state-of-the-art technical advances in PEM fuel cell diagnosis. The diagnostic tools presented help readers to understand the physical and chemical phenomena involved in PEM fuel cells.

While PEM fuel cells are highly efficient, environmentally friendly sources of power, their durability hinders the commercialization of this technology. With contributions from international scientists active in PEM fuel cell research, PEM Fuel Cell Durability Handbook, Two-Volume Set provides a comprehensive source of state-of-the-art research in the field. The handbook looks at how to overcome the technical challenges of PEM fuel cell technology and drive the technology toward increased commercialization.The two volumes in the set cover numerous durability-related issues in the development of PEM fuel cells. The first volume analyzes failure modes that result in the insufficient durability of PEM fuel cells. Supplying a handy toolbox for practical work, the second volume brings together the different types of diagnostic tools currently used by PEM fuel cell researchers. By providing an understanding of fuel cell performance, degradation, and failure modes, this two-volume handbook helps readers develop new materials and design novel fuel cells that mitigate their degradation.

An ever-increasing dependence on green energy has brought on a renewed interest in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolysis as a viable solution for hydrogen production. While alkaline water electrolyzers have been used in the production of hydrogen for many years, there are certain advantages associated with PEM electrolysis and its relevance to renewable energy sources. PEM Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production: Principles and Applications discusses the advantages of PEM electrolyzers over alkaline electrolyzers, presents the recent advances of hydrogen PEM fuel cells accelerating the large-scale commercialization of PEM electrolysis, and considers the challenges that must be addressed before PEM electrolysis can become a commercially feasible option. Written by international scientists in PEM electrolysis and fuel cell research areas, this book addresses the demand for energy storage technologies that store intermittent renewable energy and offers the most complete and up-to-date information on PEM electrolysis technology and research. The authors: Cover the fundamental applications of PEM electrolysisReview the state-of-the-art technologies and challenges related to each of the components of the PEM electrolysisAddress failure analysis and review available failure diagnostic toolsProvide future direction for researchers and technology developersPEM Electrolysis for Hydrogen Production: Principles and Applications provides a fundamental understanding of the requirements and functionalities of certain components and attributes of the PEM electrolysis technology that are common for both PEM fuel cells’ and electrolyzers’ hydrogen applications for energy storage. Beneficial to students and professionals, the text serves as a handbook for identifying PEM electrolysis failure modes and diagnosing electrolyzer performance to improve efficiency and durability.

This book provides numerous methods for identification, validation, and functional characterization of chimeric RNAs, herein described as any transcript which contains the nucleotide sequence of two distinct parental genes. Beginning with identification and characterization through bioinformatics tools, the book continues with experimental validation using RT-PCR, hybridization methods for RNA, and the use of mass spectrometry data for fusion protein validation, as well as functional and mechanistic studies of chimeric RNAs and translational applications. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Chimeric RNA: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide to this expansive field and an inspiration to researchers seeking to further our knowledge of these remarkable features of the transcriptome.

This book provides numerous methods for identification, validation, and functional characterization of chimeric RNAs, herein described as any transcript which contains the nucleotide sequence of two distinct parental genes.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization, EMO 2021 held in Shenzhen, China, in March 2021.The 47 full papers and 14 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 120 submissions. dynamic multi-objective optimization;