I. a. Richards – författare

Presents over 70 of Coleridge's major poems, portions of the Biographia Literaria, critical essays, and selected letters.

In this in-depth work, Richards defines rhetoric as the study of misunderstanding and its remedies. Focusing on how words work in discourse, he examines the interaction of words with each other and with their contexts, demonstrating how a continual synthesis of meaning--or "principle of metaphor"--gives life to discussion. He also argues that we can better control and animate our use of words, and therefore decrease misunderstanding, by comprehending the waymeaning changes in discourse.

Bringing together essays that span the career of I.A. Richards--as both literary critic and pedagogue--this collection provides a much-needed re-introduction to a thinker whose works have been largely neglected of late. Carefully chosen, edited, and annotated, the selections make accessible a wide array of Richards's ideas on language and learning, focusing on his discussion of literacy, his critique of positivist linguistics, his explorations of C.S. Peirce's semiotics, and his theory of translation, which led not only to his well-known analysis of the structure and foundation of metaphor but to one of the earliest and most cogent formulations of reader-response theory. Berthoff's editing eliminates the distracting elements of Richards's style--the digressions and obscure allusions that have often hindered readers, and have in part contributed to the neglect his work has met with in recent years--while identifying and illuminating the chief principles of his critical thought and practice. Organized in four parts--Practical Criticism, The Philosophy of Rhetoric, The Meaning of Meaning, and Design for Escape--the book offers a lucid introduction to Richards's writings, with valuable headnotes to each section and a unique index of "speculative instruments" that examines the principal ideas Richards thought with. Readers are certain to find this volume essential to an understanding of Richards's "practical criticism," and invaluable in sharpening and re-directing their own thoughts on current linguistic practice, literary criticism, and educational theory.

Richards here offers anew the 1935 edition of his work (then entitled Science and Poetry) with commentary that reveals not only the development of his own criticism but also the ways in which the relationship between the two disciplines has evolved. He has also written a new essay entitled “Re-Orientation” and has included, as another kind of commentary on the basic text, his essay “How Does a Poem Know When It Is Finished?”

This is Volume I of ten in the selected works of I.A. Richards 1919 to 1938. This set gathers the major writings of I. A. Richards between 1919 and 1938, including a large proportion of his periodical journalism together with a selection from previously unpublished manuscript articles now held in the Richards Collection of Magdalene College, Cambridge. The aim of this edition has been to provide modernised and corrected standard texts of these classics of twentieth century literary theory, and also to make available for research less accessible books and articles.

First Published in 2001. This is Volume 3 of the Selected Works of I.A. Richards from 1919 to 1938 and concerns itself with the principles of literary criticism from 1924.

This is Volume four of ten of the selected works of I.A. Richards from 1919 to 1938. Originally published in 1929, this study looks at literary judgement. The ‘Practical Criticism’ experiment began to take shape in late 1923. A. C. Benson, then Master of Magdalene College, records in his diary for the 13th of October ‘that at dinner Richards had suggested as a good examination for English students to print five extracts of poetry and prose, with no clue as to author and date, and containing one really worthless piece – and ask for comments and opinion’. This volume is the evidence of that experiment.

In the sixth volume of his Selected Works, I. A. Richards focuses on the writings of Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

Part of the Selected Works by I.A. Richards 1919-1938, Volume 8 out of ten, focuses on the interpretation in teaching from 1938. The earliest work towards Interpretation in Teaching dates from 1928. With Practical Criticism substantially completed Richards was planning revisions to his courses and new directions to his writing, which was increasingly moving away from the subject of poetry.

This is Volume Nine of Ten on the writings of I.A. Richards. This edition presents a collection of his shorter writings in books and articles from 1919 to 1938.

This is Volume I of ten in the selected works of I.A. Richards 1919 to 1938. This set gathers the major writings of I. A. Richards between 1919 and 1938, including a large proportion of his periodical journalism together with a selection from previously unpublished manuscript articles now held in the Richards Collection of Magdalene College, Cambridge. The aim of this edition has been to provide modernised and corrected standard texts of these classics of twentieth century literary theory, and also to make available for research less accessible books and articles.

This is Volume four of ten of the selected works of I.A. Richards from 1919 to 1938. Originally published in 1929, this study looks at literary judgement. The ‘Practical Criticism’ experiment began to take shape in late 1923. A. C. Benson, then Master of Magdalene College, records in his diary for the 13th of October ‘that at dinner Richards had suggested as a good examination for English students to print five extracts of poetry and prose, with no clue as to author and date, and containing one really worthless piece – and ask for comments and opinion’. This volume is the evidence of that experiment.

In the sixth volume of his Selected Works, I. A. Richards focuses on the writings of Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

Part of the Selected Works by I.A. Richards 1919-1938, Volume 8 out of ten, focuses on the interpretation in teaching from 1938. The earliest work towards Interpretation in Teaching dates from 1928. With Practical Criticism substantially completed Richards was planning revisions to his courses and new directions to his writing, which was increasingly moving away from the subject of poetry.

This is Volume Nine of Ten on the writings of I.A. Richards. This edition presents a collection of his shorter writings in books and articles from 1919 to 1938.

Long out of print, I. A. Richards's extraordinary 1932 foray into Chinese philosophy is worth reviving for its detached interpretation of the Chinese classics.

Linguist, critic, poet, psychologist, I. A. Richards (1893-1979) was one of the great polymaths of the twentieth century. He is best known, however, as one of the founders of modern literary critical theory. Richards revolutionized criticism by turning away from biographical and historical readings as well as from the aesthetic impressionism. Seeking a more exacting approach, he analyzed literary texts as syntactical structures that could be broken down into smaller interacting verbal units of meaning. Practical Criticism, first published in 1929, is a landmark volume in demonstrating this method.Practical Criticism was born of an experiment Richards undertook to discern the psychological foundations of reading and interpretation and a means for readers to discover how they think and feel about poetry. He submitted thirteen poems for analysis, without date or author given, to some four hundred of his Cambridge students. Poets of stature went in undifferentiated from obscure and forgotten figures. The results were mixed at best, with many of the interpretations shockingly bad. These readings were based, in large part, not on the texts themselves but on then-current opinions, presuppositions, theories, and beliefs. The results led Richards to define a set of interrelated mental obstacles to intelligent and accurate reading including "irrelevant associations," "stock responses," "sentimentality," and a general misunderstanding of the purpose or "doctrine" of poetry.Richards' concerns in Practical Criticism went well beyond the merely formal. In the humanist tradition, he believed that the ability to read critically and use language truthfully was culturally regenerative, a necessary skill in the modern world of mass-produced art and advertising. This classic volume will be of interest to teachers of literature, cultural studies specialists, and intellectual historians.

Linguist, critic, poet, psychologist, I. A. Richards (1893-1979) was one of the great polymaths of the twentieth century. He is best known, however, as one of the founders of modern literary critical theory. Richards revolutionized criticism by turning away from biographical and historical readings as well as from the aesthetic impressionism. Seeking a more exacting approach, he analyzed literary texts as syntactical structures that could be broken down into smaller interacting verbal units of meaning. Practical Criticism, first published in 1929, is a landmark volume in demonstrating this method.Practical Criticism was born of an experiment Richards undertook to discern the psychological foundations of reading and interpretation and a means for readers to discover how they think and feel about poetry. He submitted thirteen poems for analysis, without date or author given, to some four hundred of his Cambridge students. Poets of stature went in undifferentiated from obscure and forgotten figures. The results were mixed at best, with many of the interpretations shockingly bad. These readings were based, in large part, not on the texts themselves but on then-current opinions, presuppositions, theories, and beliefs. The results led Richards to define a set of interrelated mental obstacles to intelligent and accurate reading including "irrelevant associations," "stock responses," "sentimentality," and a general misunderstanding of the purpose or "doctrine" of poetry.Richards' concerns in Practical Criticism went well beyond the merely formal. In the humanist tradition, he believed that the ability to read critically and use language truthfully was culturally regenerative, a necessary skill in the modern world of mass-produced art and advertising. This classic volume will be of interest to teachers of literature, cultural studies specialists, and intellectual historians.

Long out of print, I. A. Richards's extraordinary 1932 foray into Chinese philosophy is worth reviving for its detached interpretation of the Chinese classics.

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