Ian Barnes - Böcker

The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these states. (from The Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776) By the mid-1700s substantial differences in life, thought, and interests had developed between the British North American Colonies and the mother country. A distinctly American way of life was rapidly developing. In a few years a new nation would be born and the reverberations from the ensuing conflict would be felt throughout the Western world. Detailing the entire history of the struggle for independence, from Colonial governments to the early days of the American Republic, The Historical Atlas of the American Revolution uses full-color maps and vivid illustrations in two-page spreads to tell the story of the founding of the United States of America. The book focuses in large part on the land and sea battles of the Revolutionary War, but attention is also paid to the society at large and the international impact of the war for independence. Coverage includes: The French and Indian War George Washington in the West Native Americans before the War of Independence Lexington and Concord Saratoga Battle of the Chesapeake Battle of Guilford Courthouse Battle of Yorktown Spanish Operations in the South and West African Americans in the new republic The Constitution Foreign Policy after the War The Emergence of King Cotton This large, beautifully illustrated, historically authoritative book explores these momentous events in an eminently readable and visually stunning manner. The book's consulting editor, renowned historian Charles Royster, also contributes a foreword. Also includes 70 color maps and illustrations.

From the first Slavic migrations to the Romanovs’ rise to the Putin era, Russia has endured for centuries as a nation whose sheer size and diversity have challenged its rulers and shaped its identity. Restless Empire illuminates the epic sweep of Russian history in a beautifully illustrated full-color atlas depicting the essential cultural, political, economic, and military developments of Russia’s past.Like the double-headed eagle that is its state emblem, Russia has always looked abroad to both the East and West, searching for secure trade routes, trustworthy allies, and defensible frontiers. Expansion beyond Muscovy’s forested confines began in the fifteenth century, when Ivan III rejected Mongol rule and moved into the Russian steppe. The waterways linking the Baltic to the Black and Caspian seas were crucial to Russia’s development from the Middle Ages onward. The age-old quest to acquire warm-water ports culminated in the construction of St. Petersburg in the eighteenth century, when imperial Russia began to rival Europe’s Great Powers.From Ivan the Terrible to Catherine the Great, Lenin and Stalin to Yeltsin and Putin, Russia’s rulers have carved their nation’s destiny into world history, sometimes bending Russia toward despotism or democracy, internationalism or brusque independence. Russia’s titanic conflicts—against the Tatars and Turks, Napoleon, Nazi Germany, and the United States—and its political upheavals from the Time of Troubles to the Soviet Union’s downfall, as well as ongoing strife in Chechnya and Crimea, are presented chronologically in accessible text accompanied by detailed maps and illustrations.

From the Bronze Age to the twenty-first century, vying armies have clashed over the territory stretching from the Upper Nile to modern-day Iraq and Iran. Crossroads of War captures five millennia of conflict and conquest in detailed full-color maps, accompanied by incisive, accessible commentary.The lands of the Middle East were home to a succession of empires—Egyptian, Babylonian, Assyrian, and Persian—that rose and declined with the fortunes of battle. Kings and generals renowned in history bestrode the region: Nebuchadnezzar, David, Alexander the Great, Saladin, Napoleon. The religions of Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam were born here and from the beginning became embroiled in conflicts ranging from the Maccabean Revolt to Muhammad’s Arabian conquests to the Christian Crusades. In the twentieth century, the Middle East witnessed the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and played a role in the grim dramas of two world wars, as T. E. Lawrence helped spark the Arab Revolt and General Bernard Montgomery defeated Hitler’s Desert Fox, General Erwin Rommel, at El Alamein.From the Yom Kippur War and Operation Desert Storm to a Global War on Terror that still looms over the twenty-first century, the Middle East continues to be shaped by the vagaries and vicissitudes of military conflict. Ian Barnes’s Crossroads of War offers valuable insights into the part of the world that first cradled civilization and then imagined its demise in a final clash of armies at Armageddon.

This atlas covers the history of the British Isles from earliest times to the present day.The first hunter-gatherers,who crossed into what would become our familiar islands by the land-bridge, and later followed by more familiar peoples the Celts,Angles, Saxons,Vikings and Normans,who together would create our islands unique history. Each contributed ideas which shaped our lands, languages and thoughts that are at the core of our identities to this day.This story is illustrated with 150 full-colour maps and plans that range across many topics, such as agricultural, political and industrial revolutions. The expansion of our islands peoples across the oceans and the lasting legacy that movement left on the world and on our home islands. We show the fluctuating fortunes of the states we now identify ourselves by, from an Anglo-Scottish imperium to devolved power, independence and the often painful process by which the modern map of our islands evolved.The forces of history and religion divided the islands peoples but our DNA unites us much more that most would realise the islands have gone on to embrace new cultures that have come to seek refuge, opportunity and equalitry this is a peoples history.

There is growing evidence that the changing global atmosphere is impacting urban and regional air quality and that emissions from great urban conurbations are significantly influencing global change. This book presents the topics needed to understand possible changes in regional and global atmospheric air quality. Air quality measurements reveal the influence of anthropogenic emissions on the background atmosphere, especially at regional and local scales, superimposed on a background of biogenic emissions. The book also deals with possible changes in atmospheric chemistry in remote areas due to the impact of halogens, halogen oxides, and organic sulphur compounds. Important areas that need to be known in detail for the modelling of these influences are ozone formation, radical mechanisms in the gas phase, oxidation processes in the aqueous phase, and the formation of aerosols. All these are discussed on the basis of both laboratory studies and field measurements. The various observational data, emission data and chemical mechanisms are needed as inputs for modelling the regional impact of anthropogenic emissions and global change.

There is growing evidence that the changing global atmosphere is impacting urban and regional air quality and that emissions from great urban conurbations are significantly influencing global change. This book presents the topics needed to understand possible changes in regional and global atmospheric air quality. Air quality measurements reveal the influence of anthropogenic emissions on the background atmosphere, especially at regional and local scales, superimposed on a background of biogenic emissions. The book also deals with possible changes in atmospheric chemistry in remote areas due to the impact of halogens, halogen oxides, and organic sulphur compounds. Important areas that need to be known in detail for the modelling of these influences are ozone formation, radical mechanisms in the gas phase, oxidation processes in the aqueous phase, and the formation of aerosols. All these are discussed on the basis of both laboratory studies and field measurements. The various observational data, emission data and chemical mechanisms are needed as inputs for modelling the regional impact of anthropogenic emissions and global change.

Proceedings of the NATO Advances Research Workshop on Environmental Simulation Chambers: Application to Atmospheric Chemical Processes, Zakopane, Poland, from 1 to 4 October 2004

Proceedings of the NATO Advances Research Workshop on Environmental Simulation Chambers: Application to Atmospheric Chemical Processes, Zakopane, Poland, from 1 to 4 October 2004

The book reviews the current state of knowledge on the chemical and physical processes occurring in the environmental media (i) the atmosphere, (ii) the aqueous phase and (iii) soil and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the chemical mechanisms (both explicit and condensed) currently available to simulate the multimedia environmental chemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter in these media. Contributions examine how well this knowledge has been incorporated into different types of CT models and appraise the current status and significant issues in the development and usage of the models. Model simulations of some real world chemical perturbations to the Earth system are presented which appraise the performance of the models in relation to "real world" observations. Serious caveats in our understanding of chemical processes and their simulation in the various compartments of the Earth system are highlighted and areas are identified that need urgent improvement, in particular with respect to environmental security.

The book reviews the current state of knowledge on the chemical and physical processes occurring in the environmental media (i) the atmosphere, (ii) the aqueous phase and (iii) soil and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the chemical mechanisms (both explicit and condensed) currently available to simulate the multimedia environmental chemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter in these media. Contributions examine how well this knowledge has been incorporated into different types of CT models and appraise the current status and significant issues in the development and usage of the models. Model simulations of some real world chemical perturbations to the Earth system are presented which appraise the performance of the models in relation to "real world" observations. Serious caveats in our understanding of chemical processes and their simulation in the various compartments of the Earth system are highlighted and areas are identified that need urgent improvement, in particular with respect to environmental security.

Oxides and acids of nitrogen play an important role in regulating atmospheric radical levels, in particular, that of the OH radical the main initiator of the degradation of chemicals in the atmosphere. A comprehensive overview on the methods used to measure nitrogen oxides and acids in the troposphere is given and difficulties and artefacts associated with the use of the techniques for measurements in urban and mega city environments is illustrated. State-of-the-art methods for the measurement of OH and HO2 radicals are reviewed and recently recognised difficulties, in particular with the measurement of HO2 radicals, are highlighted. Other contributions to the book cover our present understanding of the gas, aqueous and particulate/aerosol phase atmospheric degradation chemistry of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under NOx conditions typical of rural, urban and mega city environments. Examples of measurements of NOx and VOCs in the atmospheres of these environments are given, in particular for the megacities Cairo and Beijing, in conjunction with modelling studies which attempt to simulate the field observations using state-of-the art knowledge on the chemistry of the VOCs and radical levels.