Irene Calboli – författare

The relevance of intellectual property law has increased dramatically over the last several years. Globalization, digitization, and the rise of post-industrial information-based industries have all contributed to a new prominence of IP law as one of the most important factors in driving innovation and economic development. At the same time, the significant expansion of IP rules has impacted many areas of public policy such as public health, the environment,biodiversity, agriculture, and information in an unprecedented manner. The growing importance of IP law has led to an exponential growth of academic research in this area. This book offers a comprehensive overview of the methods and approaches that could be used as guidelines to address and develop scholarlyresearch questions related to intellectual property law. In particular, this volume aims to provide a useful resource that can be used by IP researchers who are interested in expanding their expertise in a specific research method or seek to acquire an understanding of alternative lenses that could be applied to their research. This edited collection is one of the largest compilations, to date, of existing methods and approaches from different lenses, perspectives, and experiences from adiverse group of scholars who derive from a wide range of countries, backgrounds, and legal traditions. This diversity, both regarding the topics and the authors of the contributions, is a fundamental feature of this collection, which seeks to assist IP researchers across many countries in the developingand developed world.This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.

While intellectual property rights are mostly studied in isolation, in practice the legal categories created to protect these rights provide only partial legal coverage of the broader context in which such rights are created, used, and enforced. Consequently, often multiple IP rights overlap with respect to the same underlying subject matter. This book enables readers to consider how these overlapping rights work together, facilitating a deeper understanding of how and when they may be encountered in practice. Each chapter addresses a discrete pair of IP rights and uses a hypothetical scenario to analyse particular conceptual and practical issues, giving practitioners a comprehensive understanding of the overlap. While the focus of these IP rights is on UK, US and European law, the book also contains comparison tables of overlapping IP rights in other countries around the world. These tables complement the chapters, offering a detailed overview as to how these overlaps apply in different legal jurisdictions, as well as how they differ.

While intellectual property rights are mostly studied in isolation, in practice the legal categories created to protect these rights provide only partial legal coverage of the broader context in which such rights are created, used, and enforced. Consequently, often multiple IP rights overlap with respect to the same underlying subject matter. This book enables readers to consider how these overlapping rights work together, facilitating a deeper understanding of how and when they may be encountered in practice. Each chapter addresses a discrete pair of IP rights and uses a hypothetical scenario to analyse particular conceptual and practical issues, giving practitioners a comprehensive understanding of the overlap. While the focus of these IP rights is on UK, US and European law, the book also contains comparison tables of overlapping IP rights in other countries around the world. These tables complement the chapters, offering a detailed overview as to how these overlaps apply in different legal jurisdictions, as well as how they differ.

While intellectual property rights are mostly studied in isolation, in practice the legal categories created to protect these rights provide only partial legal coverage of the broader context in which such rights are created, used, and enforced. Consequently, often multiple IP rights overlap with respect to the same underlying subject matter. This book enables readers to consider how these overlapping rights work together, facilitating a deeper understanding of how and when they may be encountered in practice. Each chapter addresses a discrete pair of IP rights and uses a hypothetical scenario to analyse particular conceptual and practical issues, giving practitioners a comprehensive understanding of the overlap. While the focus of these IP rights is on UK, US and European law, the book also contains comparison tables of overlapping IP rights in other countries around the world. These tables complement the chapters, offering a detailed overview as to how these overlaps apply in different legal jurisdictions, as well as how they differ.

The relevance of intellectual property law has increased dramatically over the last several years. Globalization, digitization, and the rise of post-industrial information-based industries have all contributed to a new prominence of IP law as one of the most important factors in driving innovation and economic development. At the same time, the significant expansion of IP rules has impacted many areas of public policy such as public health, the environment, biodiversity, agriculture, and information in an unprecedented manner. The growing importance of IP law has led to an exponential growth of academic research in this area. This book offers a comprehensive overview of the methods and approaches that could be used as guidelines to address and develop scholarly research questions related to intellectual property law. In particular, this volume aims to provide a useful resource that can be used by IP researchers who are interested in expanding their expertise in a specific research method or seek to acquire an understanding of alternative lenses that could be applied to their research. This edited collection is one of the largest compilations, to date, of existing methods and approaches from different lenses, perspectives, and experiences from a diverse group of scholars who derive from a wide range of countries, backgrounds, and legal traditions. This diversity, both regarding the topics and the authors of the contributions, is a fundamental feature of this collection, which seeks to assist IP researchers across many countries in the developing and developed world. This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.

Over the past few years, 'fashion law' has emerged as a vibrant field of inquiry. The legal and policy issues affecting the fashion sector have been investigated with increasing intensity, while a growing number of private practice lawyers and in-house counsel regard themselves as practising fashion law. But what is fashion law? And what are the specific legal challenges facing the fashion sector, as well as related solutions? The Handbook of Fashion Law seeks to answer these questions by bringing together multiple voices, approaches, and jurisdictions.Its contributions are organized into four thematic areas. Part I considers the legal infrastructure of the fashion and luxury industries, addressing issues related to intellectual property (IP) as well as the demands of the circular economy, protection of cultural heritage, and freedom of expression and information. Part II maps the IP dimensions of fashion by reviewing the application of design rights, copyright, trade marks, geographical indications, plant variety rights, and trade secrets. Part III analyses specific contractual issues arising in the fashion sector. It examines the application of principles and rules found in regulatory frameworks, including those governing advertising, competition, consumer, and tax laws. Finally, Part IV dissects and evaluates the role of new and emerging technologies in the fashion sector from a legal perspective. It considers concepts such as e-commerce, 3D printing, counterfeiting, artificial intelligence, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), the metaverse, gaming, and wearable technology.The Handbook of Fashion Law offers readers a multidisciplinary and multijurisdictional understanding of legal challenges facing the fashion sector. Bringing together a diverse range of experts, its contributions offer readers an in-depth, critical, and strategic understanding of the fashion industry's legal intricacies.

Trade in goods and services has historically resisted territorial confinement, but trademark protection remains territorial, albeit within an increasingly important framework of multilateral treaties. Trademark law therefore demands that practitioners, policy-makers and academics understand principles of international and comparative law. This handbook assists in that endeavour, with chapters describing and critically analyzing international and regional frameworks, and providing comparative perspectives on the substantive issues in trademark law and related fields, such as geographic indications, advertising law, and domain names. Chapters contrast common law and civil law approaches while focusing on the US and EU trademark systems in light of the role these systems have played in the development of trademark laws. Additionally, this handbook covers other jurisdictions, both common law and civil law, on the Asia-Pacific, African, and South American continents. This work should be read by anyone seeking a better understanding of trademark law around the world.

This second edition of the Research Handbook on Intellectual Property (IP) Licensing explores the multiple facets of IP licensing law from a global and comparative perspective through the opinions of leading experts.The Handbook combines an in-depth analysis of various specific types of IP licensing agreements (including FRAND licensing of Standard Essential Patents and data licensing) with a presentation of other topics of both dogmatic and practical relevance affecting all types of IP licensing transactions, including competition law and bankruptcy law. The Handbook goes beyond the analysis of classical substantive issues and discusses the treatment of IP licensing under international investment law and the use of commercial arbitration for solving international IP licensing disputes.The Handbook ultimately aims to offer a scholarly contribution to the development of global or regional IP licensing laws and policies. By opening innovative transversal, comparative and policy perspectives, this Handbook will appeal to a wide audience including IP practitioners, lawyers and IP and contract law scholars globally.

This book aims to create an interface between intellectual property and diversity - including cultural, biological, religious, racial, and gender-based diversity. While acknowledging that the historical rationale for intellectual property protection is based on theories of utilitarian incentives and property rights, the authors of this volume assert that the current intellectual property framework is not incompatible with including diversity as part of its objectives. Through its various themes, this book delves into the debate of whether such inclusion can be made possible and how intellectual property norms could be effectively used to protect and promote diversity. In this volume, leading scholars address ongoing regional, national, and international debates within the contexts of diversity, the existing legal framework, and the broader political and economic climate. The authors tackle such wide-ranging topics as the prohibition against trademarking slurs and concepts of intellectual property in ancient Indian texts.

Even as globalization seems to be in retreat in political circles, the march of commercialization and markets continues. Government policies, whether tariffs, exits, or walls, cannot impede the competitive drive to meet consumer demand for products and services, whether within national boundaries or across them. In the sphere of intellectual property rights, the doctrine of exhaustion serves to limit the rights of intellectual property owners after a specific exercise of some or all of the rights. This volume provides an assessment of the successes and failures of the exhaustion doctrine as it has been applied through recent judicial decisions in the United States and the European Union. Irene Calboli and Shubha Ghosh explore how evolving interpretations of the exhaustion doctrine affects the large trade in gray market products and other international trade issues. A comparative approach to exhaustion, Exhausting Intellectual Property Rights offers a unique discussion of the often overlooked issue of overlapping rights.

Historically, few topics have proven to be so controversial in international intellectual property as the protection of geographical indications (GIs). The adoption of TRIPS in 1994 did not resolve disagreements, and countries worldwide continue to quarrel today as to the nature, the scope, and the enforcement of GI protection nationally and internationally. Thus far, however, there is little literature addressing GI protection from the point of view of the Asia-Pacific region, even though countries in this region have actively discussed the topic and in several instances have promoted GIs as a mechanism to foster local development and safeguard local culture. This book, edited by renowned intellectual property scholars, fills the void in the current literature and offers a variety of contributions focusing on the framework and effects of GI protection in the Asia-Pacific region. The book is available as Open Access.

Trade in goods and services has historically resisted territorial confinement, but trademark protection remains territorial, albeit within an increasingly important framework of multilateral treaties. Trademark law therefore demands that practitioners, policy-makers and academics understand principles of international and comparative law. This handbook assists in that endeavour, with chapters describing and critically analyzing international and regional frameworks, and providing comparative perspectives on the substantive issues in trademark law and related fields, such as geographic indications, advertising law, and domain names. Chapters contrast common law and civil law approaches while focusing on the US and EU trademark systems in light of the role these systems have played in the development of trademark laws. Additionally, this handbook covers other jurisdictions, both common law and civil law, on the Asia-Pacific, African, and South American continents. This work should be read by anyone seeking a better understanding of trademark law around the world.

Trade in goods and services has historically resisted territorial confinement, but trademark protection remains territorial, albeit within an increasingly important framework of multilateral treaties. Trademark law therefore demands that practitioners, policy-makers and academics understand principles of international and comparative law. This handbook assists in that endeavour, with chapters describing and critically analyzing international and regional frameworks, and providing comparative perspectives on the substantive issues in trademark law and related fields, such as geographic indications, advertising law, and domain names. Chapters contrast common law and civil law approaches while focusing on the US and EU trademark systems in light of the role these systems have played in the development of trademark laws. Additionally, this handbook covers other jurisdictions, both common law and civil law, on the Asia-Pacific, African, and South American continents. This work should be read by anyone seeking a better understanding of trademark law around the world.

Historically, few topics have proven to be so controversial in international intellectual property as the protection of geographical indications (GIs). The adoption of TRIPS in 1994 did not resolve disagreements, and countries worldwide continue to quarrel today as to the nature, the scope, and the enforcement of GI protection nationally and internationally. Thus far, however, there is little literature addressing GI protection from the point of view of the Asia-Pacific region, even though countries in this region have actively discussed the topic and in several instances have promoted GIs as a mechanism to foster local development and safeguard local culture. This book, edited by renowned intellectual property scholars, fills the void in the current literature and offers a variety of contributions focusing on the framework and effects of GI protection in the Asia-Pacific region. The book is available as Open Access.

Historically, few topics have proven to be so controversial in international intellectual property as the protection of geographical indications (GIs). The adoption of TRIPS in 1994 did not resolve disagreements, and countries worldwide continue to quarrel today as to the nature, the scope, and the enforcement of GI protection nationally and internationally. Thus far, however, there is little literature addressing GI protection from the point of view of the Asia-Pacific region, even though countries in this region have actively discussed the topic and in several instances have promoted GIs as a mechanism to foster local development and safeguard local culture. This book, edited by renowned intellectual property scholars, fills the void in the current literature and offers a variety of contributions focusing on the framework and effects of GI protection in the Asia-Pacific region. The book is available as Open Access.

Historically, few topics have proven to be so controversial in international intellectual property as the protection of geographical indications (GIs). The adoption of TRIPS in 1994 did not resolve disagreements, and countries worldwide continue to quarrel today as to the nature, the scope, and the enforcement of GI protection nationally and internationally. Thus far, however, there is little literature addressing GI protection from the point of view of the Asia-Pacific region, even though countries in this region have actively discussed the topic and in several instances have promoted GIs as a mechanism to foster local development and safeguard local culture. This book, edited by renowned intellectual property scholars, fills the void in the current literature and offers a variety of contributions focusing on the framework and effects of GI protection in the Asia-Pacific region. The book is available as Open Access.

There is an inherent tension between the push to harmonize international intellectual property norms and the need to remain flexible and adaptive in domestic policy-setting. In trademark law, global brands protection must be balanced against the interests of consumers, who, though they may be aware of the global realm, are ultimately local actors. This is the key issue explored in this well-crafted and timely book.'- Daniel J. Gervais, Vanderbilt University Law School, US'Trademark law is territorial but trademarks, like trade, are increasingly global. Trademark owners often operate in worldwide markets where they are confronted with varying territorial legal rules about registration and even use of their trademarks. This apparent dichotomy between trade without borders and trademark laws with borders creates many challenging legal and practical issues which this volume tackles. This outstanding collection offers both specialists and novices insights into this complex topic. The editors are to be commended for their foresight in bringing this collection together.'- Susy Frankel Victoria, University of Wellington, New Zealand'The growing globalization of trade increases the challenges faced by trademark owners in the territories where they operate or plan to expand. Trademark owners thus have to find ways to solve the tension between global markets and territorial regimes of protection, which is precisely what this book explores from different angles and what makes it an essential work in today's borderless and brand-based economy. The result is a remarkable collection of original and thought-provoking chapters, which masterfully discuss the challenges and opportunities that the global economy presents, and will continue to present, for the territorial acquisition and enforcement of trademark rights.'- Jacques de Werra, University of Geneva, SwitzerlandAs the modern business world becomes increasingly decentralized and globally focused, traditional interpretations and applications of trademark protection law are facing greater and greater challenges. This is particularly true regarding the principle of trademark territoriality, which holds that trademark rights are bound by the laws of individual nations. This timely volume offers expert analyses of the challenges facing crucial aspects of trademark law from some of the most prominent scholars in the field.The contributors explore how the rise of international trade and globalization has changed the way trademark law functions in a number of important areas, including protection of well-known marks, parallel imports, enforcement of trademark rights against counterfeiting, remedies, protection of certification marks, and domain names. A detailed discussion of the history of trademarks and territoriality along with a comprehensive breakdown of current issues make this a complete and well-rounded resource for the study of trademark law in a contemporary context.Students, professors and practitioners working in international law, trade law and intellectual property law will find this book to be a valuable resource.Contributors include: G.W. Austin, I. Calboli, L. Chan Grinvald, M. Chon, D.C.K. Chow, G.B. Dinwoodie, C.H. Farley, L.C. Grinvald, M. LaFrance, M.A. Leaffer, E. Lee, J. Lipton, L.A.W. Lockridge, D.E. Long, P.-E. Moyse, M. Wong, P.K. Yu, D. Zografos Johnsson

There is an inherent tension between the push to harmonize international intellectual property norms and the need to remain flexible and adaptive in domestic policy-setting. In trademark law, global brands protection must be balanced against the interests of consumers, who, though they may be aware of the global realm, are ultimately local actors. This is the key issue explored in this well-crafted and timely book.''- Daniel J. Gervais, Vanderbilt University Law School, US

''Trademark law is territorial but trademarks, like trade, are increasingly global. Trademark owners often operate in worldwide markets where they are confronted with varying territorial legal rules about registration and even use of their trademarks. This apparent dichotomy between trade without borders and trademark laws with borders creates many challenging legal and practical issues which this volume tackles. This outstanding collection offers both specialists and novices insights into this complex topic. The editors are to be commended for their foresight in bringing this collection together.''- Susy Frankel Victoria, University of Wellington, New Zealand

''The growing globalization of trade increases the challenges faced by trademark owners in the territories where they operate or plan to expand. Trademark owners thus have to find ways to solve the tension between global markets and territorial regimes of protection, which is precisely what this book explores from different angles and what makes it an essential work in today''s borderless and brand-based economy. The result is a remarkable collection of original and thought-provoking chapters, which masterfully discuss the challenges and opportunities that the global economy presents, and will continue to present, for the territorial acquisition and enforcement of trademark rights.''- Jacques de Werra, University of Geneva, Switzerland

As the modern business world becomes increasingly decentralized and globally focused, traditional interpretations and applications of trademark protection law are facing greater and greater challenges. This is particularly true regarding the principle of trademark territoriality, which holds that trademark rights are bound by the laws of individual nations. This timely volume offers expert analyses of the challenges facing crucial aspects of trademark law from some of the most prominent scholars in the field.

The contributors explore how the rise of international trade and globalization has changed the way trademark law functions in a number of important areas, including protection of well-known marks, parallel imports, enforcement of trademark rights against counterfeiting, remedies, protection of certification marks, and domain names. A detailed discussion of the history of trademarks and territoriality along with a comprehensive breakdown of current issues make this a complete and well-rounded resource for the study of trademark law in a contemporary context.

Students, professors and practitioners working in international law, trade law and intellectual property law will find this book to be a valuable resource.

Contributors include: G.W. Austin, I. Calboli, L. Chan Grinvald, M. Chon, D.C.K. Chow, G.B. Dinwoodie, C.H. Farley, L.C. Grinvald, M. LaFrance, M.A. Leaffer, E. Lee, J. Lipton, L.A.W. Lockridge, D.E. Long, P.-E. Moyse, M. Wong, P.K. Yu, D. Zografos Johnsson

The Law and Practice of Trademark Transactions is a comprehensive analysis of the law governing trademark transactions in a variety of legal and business contexts, and from a range of jurisdictional and cross-border perspectives. After mapping out the international legal framework applicable to trademark transactions, the book provides an analysis of important strategic considerations, including: tax strategies; valuation; portfolio splitting; registration of security interests; choice-of-law clauses; trademark coexistence agreements, and dispute resolution mechanisms.Key features include:A comprehensive overview of legal and policy-related issuesA blend of approaches underpinning strategic considerations with analytical rigourRegional coverage of the key characteristics of trademark transactions in a range of jurisdictionsAuthorship from renowned trademark expertsPractitioners advising trademark owners, including trademark attorneys, will find this book to be an invaluable resource for their practice, particularly where cross-border issues arise. It will also be a key reference point for scholars working in the field.Contributors: L. Anderson, N. Binctin, G. Bühler, R. Burrell, I. Calboli, C. Czychowski, L. Dal Molin, R.P. D'Souza, D.J. Gervais, S. Ghosh, J.C. Ginsburg, H. Guo, M. Handler, M. Höpperger, R. Jacob, S.H.S. Leong, C. Manara, J.-F. Maraia, R. Mittal, X.-T. Nguyen, A. Nordemann, M. Senftleben, S. Teramoto, J.C. Vaz e Dias, J. de Werra, N. Wilkof, D. Yokomizo

The Law and Practice of Trademark Transactions is a comprehensive analysis of the law governing trademark transactions in a variety of legal and business contexts, and from a range of jurisdictional and cross-border perspectives. After mapping out the international legal framework applicable to trademark transactions, the book provides an analysis of important strategic considerations, including: tax strategies; valuation; portfolio splitting; registration of security interests; choice-of-law clauses; trademark coexistence agreements, and dispute resolution mechanisms.

Key features include:

A comprehensive overview of legal and policy-related issuesA blend of approaches underpinning strategic considerations with analytical rigourRegional coverage of the key characteristics of trademark transactions in a range of jurisdictionsAuthorship from renowned trademark experts

Practitioners advising trademark owners, including trademark attorneys, will find this book to be an invaluable resource for their practice, particularly where cross-border issues arise. It will also be a key reference point for scholars working in the field.

Contributors: L. Anderson, N. Binctin, G. Bühler, R. Burrell, I. Calboli, C. Czychowski, L. Dal Molin, R.P. D''Souza, D.J. Gervais, S. Ghosh, J.C. Ginsburg, H. Guo, M. Handler, M. Höpperger, R. Jacob, S.H.S. Leong, C. Manara, J.-F. Maraia, R. Mittal, X.-T. Nguyen, A. Nordemann, M. Senftleben, S. Teramoto, J.C. Vaz e Dias, J. de Werra, N. Wilkof, D. Yokomizo

This Research Handbook explores issues related to the principle of exhaustion of intellectual property rights. To date, the application of this principle continues to vary from country to country, and there is increasing pressure to clarify the extent of its application both at the national level and in the context of international trade with respect to parallel imports.Notably, from the Americas to the European Union, Asia-Pacific, and Africa, courts and policy makers are asking similar questions: Should exhaustion apply at the national, regional, or international level? Should parallel imports be considered lawful imports? Should copyright, patent, and trademark laws follow the same regime? Should countries attempt to harmonize their approaches? To what extent should living matters and self-replicating technologies be subject to the principle of exhaustion? To what extent have the rise of digital goods and the 'Internet of things' redefined the concept of exhaustion in cyberspace?The goal of this book is to explore these questions. The book also highlights how a one-size answer may not fit all the current challenges that the courts and policy makers are facing in this area.This Research Handbook will be of interest to academics, judges and other practitioners looking for an in-depth study on the topic, offering both of detailed analysis of the current state of play, and a discussion of the challenges that arise on a global scale.Contributors include: F.M. Abbott, I. Calboli, V. Chiappetta, A.G. Chronopoulos, C.M. Correa, J.I. Correa, J. Drexl, S. Frankel, D.J. Gervais, S. Ghosh, C. Heath, R.M. Hilty, A. Katz, B. Kim, M. LaFrance, E. Lee, Y.J. Liebesman, K.-C. Liu, N.-L.W. Loon, S.M. Maniatis, K.E. Maskus, P.-E. Moyse, Y. Pai, A. Perzanowski, J.H. Reichmann, J.A. Rothchild, J. Schultz, C.M. Stothers, M. Trimble, M.S. Van Houweling, S.R. Wasserman Rajec, G. Westkamp, B. Wilson, C. Yin, X. Yu

This Research Handbook explores issues related to the principle of exhaustion of intellectual property rights. To date, the application of this principle continues to vary from country to country, and there is increasing pressure to clarify the extent of its application both at the national level and in the context of international trade with respect to parallel imports.

Notably, from the Americas to the European Union, Asia-Pacific, and Africa, courts and policy makers are asking similar questions: Should exhaustion apply at the national, regional, or international level? Should parallel imports be considered lawful imports? Should copyright, patent, and trademark laws follow the same regime? Should countries attempt to harmonize their approaches? To what extent should living matters and self-replicating technologies be subject to the principle of exhaustion? To what extent have the rise of digital goods and the ''Internet of things'' redefined the concept of exhaustion in cyberspace?

The goal of this book is to explore these questions. The book also highlights how a one-size answer may not fit all the current challenges that the courts and policy makers are facing in this area.

This Research Handbook will be of interest to academics, judges and other practitioners looking for an in-depth study on the topic, offering both of detailed analysis of the current state of play, and a discussion of the challenges that arise on a global scale.

Contributors include: F.M. Abbott, I. Calboli, V. Chiappetta, A.G. Chronopoulos, C.M. Correa, J.I. Correa, J. Drexl, S. Frankel, D.J. Gervais, S. Ghosh, C. Heath, R.M. Hilty, A. Katz, B. Kim, M. LaFrance, E. Lee, Y.J. Liebesman, K.-C. Liu, N.-L.W. Loon, S.M. Maniatis, K.E. Maskus, P.-E. Moyse, Y. Pai, A. Perzanowski, J.H. Reichmann, J.A. Rothchild, J. Schultz, C.M. Stothers, M. Trimble, M.S. Van Houweling, S.R. Wasserman Rajec, G. Westkamp, B. Wilson, C. Yin, X. Yu

This second edition of the Research Handbook on Intellectual Property (IP) Licensing explores the multiple facets of IP licensing law from a global and comparative perspective through the opinions of leading experts.The Handbook combines an in-depth analysis of various specific types of IP licensing agreements (including FRAND licensing of Standard Essential Patents and data licensing) with a presentation of other topics of both dogmatic and practical relevance affecting all types of IP licensing transactions, including competition law and bankruptcy law. The Handbook goes beyond the analysis of classical substantive issues and discusses the treatment of IP licensing under international investment law and the use of commercial arbitration for solving international IP licensing disputes.The Handbook ultimately aims to offer a scholarly contribution to the development of global or regional IP licensing laws and policies. By opening innovative transversal, comparative and policy perspectives, this Handbook will appeal to a wide audience including IP practitioners, lawyers and IP and contract law scholars globally.