J. Van Mieghem – författare

For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography.* Written at a mathematical level that is appealing for undergraduates andbeginning graduate students* Provides a useful educational tool through a combination of observations andlaboratory demonstrations which can be viewed over the web* Contains instructions on how to reproduce the simple but informativelaboratory experiments* Includes copious problems (with sample answers) to help students learn thematerial.

International Geophysics Series, Volume 10: The Gravity Field of the Earth: From Classical and Modern Methods explores the theory of the gravity field of the earth based on both classical and modern methods. Classical method involves observations of gravity taken over the earth''s surface, while the modern method uses observations of variation of orbital elements of artificial satellites caused by the gravity field of the earth. This book is organized into two parts encompassing 12 chapters. Part I describes the solution of physical problems that are treated as Dirichlet problems or solved by means of integral equations. This part also deals with the determination of the geoid form from ground gravity measurements using the Stokes formula. The method of obtaining the Stokes formula by means of an integral equation is also outlined. Part II contains modern mathematical techniques developed to utilize the observations of artificial satellites for geodetic purposes. This book could be used as a textbook for students in the fields of geodesy, geophysics, or astronomy.

International Geophysics Series, Volume 2: Physics of the Aurora and Airglow explores certain physical aspects of aurora and airglow. This volume is composed of 13 chapters and begins with surveys of the theory and spectroscopic and photometric analyses of radiation from the upper atmosphere. The subsequent chapters treat the geographic distribution of aurora and its physical processes in the atmosphere. Other chapters examine the theory of hydrogen emission in aurora, resonance scattering by atmospheric sodium, the excitation of the oxygen red lines in the airglow, and an atlas of the auroral spectrum. A chapter focuses on the analysis of twilight observations for emission heights. The concluding chapters discuss the theory of day airglow, as well as the spectral photometry and excitation of the nightglow. This book is of value to geophysicists, theoreticians, and scientists of the allied fields of geophysics.

International Geophysics Series, Volume 7: Physics of the Marine Atmosphere discusses the influence exerted by the sea surface on the properties of the atmosphere as well as on atmospheric processes of small and medium scale. This book is composed of six chapters that specifically consider the exchange occurring in the boundary layer between ocean and atmosphere. The opening chapters deal with the particular difficulties inherent in meteorological measurements at sea. The remaining chapters describe the flow characteristics, thermodynamics, chemistry, electricity, and radioactivity of the marine atmosphere. Emphasis is placed on the physical approach rather than on geographical aspects and those of application. A discussion of the empirical facts is followed by theoretical interpretation. Geophysicists, theoreticians, and scientists of the allied fields will find this book invaluable.

Annals of the International Geophysical Year, Volume XI: Symposia at the Fifth Meeting of CSAGI covers the proceedings of the Fifth Meeting of CSAGI held in Moscow on July 30-August 8, 1958. This meeting discusses the practical details of the mechanics and techniques of data collection and utilization, and later held symposia at which the first results of the IGY were presented. This text presents the results of various scientific activities during the IGY, including numerical forecasting, meteorology, geomagnetism, ionosphere, aurora, airglow, solar activity, cosmic rays, glaciology, oceanography, rockets, satellites, seismology, gravimetry, and nuclear radiation. This book will be of value to geophysicists, historians, and researchers.

Annals of the International Geophysical Year, Volume 32: Meteorology covers the various aspects of the International Geophysical Year/International Geophysical Cooperation''s meteorological program, focusing on radiation measurement. This book is divided into seven sections, and begins with an overview of the meteorological program of the IGY and some related activities. The subsequent chapter outlines the program of radiation measurement planned for the IGY and the data received at World Data Center C for the IGY/IGC period. These topics are followed by discussions on observations of solar radiation flux from aircraft flux of the Meteorological Research Flight during the period of February 1958-January 1960. Other chapters provide tabulations of meteorological data from ozone stations with IGY station numbers arranged according to latitude, north to south. The concluding chapter is devoted to the IGY-IGC effort in the field of nuclear radiation. This book will prove useful to geophysicists and researchers in the field.

Energy at the Surface of the Earth: An Introduction to the Energetics of Ecosystems presents way of looking at the manner in which the biological, physical, and cultural systems that mantle the landmasses of our planet receive, transform, and give off energy, which is an essential condition of existence that takes many forms. Energy conversions establish the climate in which these systems operate. The principal forms of energy that are converted at the ecosystem scale include radiant, latent, mechanical, chemical and fossil, and thermal. The book begins with radiant energy absorbed by ecosystems—a phenomenon that is independent of their surface temperature and that can be looked on as a burden or a gift, depending on circumstances. An increase in such absorption raises surface temperature, as described in the fulcrum chapter of the book, Chapter VIII. This increase in turn sets into action outflows of energy that by the first law of thermodynamics are equal in energy units, although not necessarily equal in quality to the inflows. The final chapters deal with vertical stratification and areal contrasts in energy budgets, the augmented energy budget of the city, and the responses that serve to keep the budget balanced.

Thermodynamics of Clouds is a coherent and rational account of the thermodynamics of clouds that requires only a little knowledge of general thermodynamics; which takes up each idea from the beginning and allows the reader to appreciate the degree of rigor or of approximation at each stage; and which discusses each hypothesis and develops each theory with a clear statement of the basic physical concepts. It places at the disposal of meteorologists a working tool which will allow them to master the problems encountered in this branch of meteorology. The book contains 13 chapters that can be organized into three general parts. The first part establishes the general formulas of the thermodynamics of surfaces. In the second part the general formulas that were established in the preceding chapters are applied to some meteorological problems. The third and final part of the book deals with the theory of condensation and crystallization germs.

Physics of the Earth''s Interior embraces such a wide range of properties and processes that the space available in one volume imposes severe limitations on their discussion. Moreover, the uneven familiarity of any geophysicist with the many fields of natural science which are involved favors their uneven treatment. For these reasons, the author has limited discussions related to gravity, terrestrial magnetism, tectonic processes, and the history of the earth, to such problems which, if solved, may give information on the earth''s interior. On the other hand, seismological investigations are discussed only insofar as they bear upon the structure of the earth and the physics of its interior; seismology is to be treated in detail in another monograph of this series. The book contains nine chapters and begins with a discussion of methods of investigating the earth''s interior, and the accuracy of the results. This is followed by separate chapters on the structure of the earth; the crust, mantle, and core; temperature and thermal processes in the earth; density, pressure, gravity, and flattening in the earth; elastic constants, and elastic processes; and nonelastic processes in the earth.

Structure of the Stratosphere and Mesosphere

The Upper Atmosphere: Meteorology and Physics focuses on the study of the characteristics, movements, composition, and observations of the upper atmosphere. The book first offers information on the meteorological conditions in the lower stratosphere and the structure and circulation of the upper stratosphere and the mesosphere. Topics include balloon sounding systems, climatology of the lower stratosphere, disturbed circulation of the lower stratosphere, rocket measurements, and frequent measurements with balloons and meteorological rockets. The text then ponders on the sun''s radiation and the upper atmosphere and composition of the stratosphere and mesosphere. The manuscript elaborates on the composition and structure of the thermosphere, including photochemical processes, diffusion, composition and structure measurements, and structure of the thermosphere. The text also ponders on radiative processes and heat transfer; atmospheric tides and winds in the lower thermosphere; and transport of properties in the upper atmosphere. The publication is a valuable source of information for readers interested in the meteorology and physics of the upper atmosphere.

Descriptive Micrometeorology compiles views and findings in micrometeorology, which is concerned with the surface boundary layer or thin slice of atmosphere extending from the ground up to a height of approximately 50 meters. This book describes the micrometeorology of soil, short vegetation, forest, water, ice, snow, and built-up urban surfaces. The properties and influence of the planetary boundary layer are not included. The topics discussed include the energy balance at the earth-atmosphere boundary, radiative flux divergence, factors influencing air temperatures, and Kolmogorov similarity theory. The Eddy correlation method for measuring evaporation, radiation balance of snow and ice surfaces, heat storage and horizontal advection in water, and changes in wind patterns are also covered. This publication is intended for meteorologists, but is also a good reference for chemists, engineers, geographers, botanists, hydrologists, health physicists, glaciologists, town planners, limnologists, oceanographers, air pollution control officers, foresters, and ecologists interested in the surface boundary layer.

This book is the third in aseries of publications devoted to the biogeographieal and ecological research in the Southern Hemisphere, published in the "Monographiae Biologicae". After dealing with Australia (vol. VIII) and Southern Africa (Vol. XIV) it was thought essential to include Antarctiea in this series. Ever since the expedition of the "Belgiea" made the first suc­ cessful wintering within the antarctie circle in 1898 and brought back a very rieh harvest of scientific data, Belgium kept a vivid interest in Antarctiea and took an active part in the modern and international exploration of this vast continent. As part of their programs for the International Geophysieal Year (I. G. Y. ) twelve nations established permanent or semi-permanent bases on the Antarctie Continent or on subantarctie islands. Thus a new era of vast and free international scientific collaboration in the Antarctie was opened and it culminated in the formulation and the signing of the Antarctic Treaty (Washington 1959). It was recognized and accepted that "Antarctiea" shall be used for peaceful purposes only and "Freedom of scientific investigation in Antarctiea and coopera­ tion toward that end, as applied during the I. G. Y. , shall continue . . " In order to organize this collaboration e. g. by full exchange of programs and resuIts a "Special Committee on Antarctie Research" (S. C. A. R. ) was founded in 1957.