James C. Taylor – författare

Considering the global awareness of human performance issues affecting maintenance personnel, there is enough evidence in the US ASRS reports to establish that systemic problems such as impractical maintenance procedures, inadequate training, and the safety versus profit challenge continue to contribute toward latent failures. Manoj S. Patankar and James C. Taylor strongly believe in incorporating the human factors principles in aviation maintenance. In this, their second of two volumes, they place particular emphasis on applying human factors principles in a book intended to serve as a practical guide, as well as an academic text. Features include: - A real 'how to' approach that serves as a companion to the previous volume: 'Risk Management and Error Reduction in Aviation Maintenance'. - Self-reports of maintenance errors used throughout to illustrate the systemic susceptibility for errors as well as to discuss corresponding solutions. - Two tools - a pre-task scorecard and a post-task scorecard - introduced as means to measure individual as well as organizational safety performance. - Interpersonal trust and professionalism explored in detail. - Ethical and procedural issues associated with collection and analysis of both qualitative as well as quantitative safety data discussed. The intended readership includes aviation maintenance personnel, e.g. FAA-type aircraft mechanics, CAA-type aircraft maintenance engineers, maintenance managers, regulators, and aviation students.

Although several U.S. and European airlines have started providing human factors training to their maintenance personnel, the academic community (some 300 academic programs in the United States and several others in Europe and Asia) has not yet started offering formal human factors education to maintenance students. The highly respected authors strongly believe in incorporating the human factors principles in aviation maintenance. This is the first of two volumes providing effective behavioural guidance on risk management in aviation maintenance for both the novice and the experienced maintenance personnel. Its practical guidelines assist both student and practising aviation maintenance personnel to develop sustainable safety culture. For the maintenance community it provides some theoretical discussion about the "Why?" for risk management and then focus on the 'How?' to implement a successful error reduction program. To help the maintenance community in making a strong case to their financial managers, the authors also discuss the return on investment for risk management programs. The issue of risk management is taken at two levels. First, it provides a basic awareness information to those who have little or no knowledge of maintenance human factors. Second, it provides a set of practical tools for the more experienced people so that they can be more effective in risk management and error recovery in their jobs. This invaluable book serves as a practical guide as well as an academic textbook. The book covers fundamental human factors principles from a risk management perspective. Upon reading this informative book, the audience will be able to apply the basic principles of risk management to aviation maintenance environment, and they will be able to use low-risk behaviours in their daily work.

Although several U.S. and European airlines have started providing human factors training to their maintenance personnel, the academic community (some 300 academic programs in the United States and several others in Europe and Asia) has not yet started offering formal human factors education to maintenance students. The highly respected authors strongly believe in incorporating the human factors principles in aviation maintenance. This is the first of two volumes providing effective behavioural guidance on risk management in aviation maintenance for both the novice and the experienced maintenance personnel. Its practical guidelines assist both student and practising aviation maintenance personnel to develop sustainable safety culture. For the maintenance community it provides some theoretical discussion about the "Why?" for risk management and then focus on the 'How?' to implement a successful error reduction program. To help the maintenance community in making a strong case to their financial managers, the authors also discuss the return on investment for risk management programs. The issue of risk management is taken at two levels. First, it provides a basic awareness information to those who have little or no knowledge of maintenance human factors. Second, it provides a set of practical tools for the more experienced people so that they can be more effective in risk management and error recovery in their jobs. This invaluable book serves as a practical guide as well as an academic textbook. The book covers fundamental human factors principles from a risk management perspective. Upon reading this informative book, the audience will be able to apply the basic principles of risk management to aviation maintenance environment, and they will be able to use low-risk behaviours in their daily work.

Considering the global awareness of human performance issues affecting maintenance personnel, there is enough evidence in the US ASRS reports to establish that systemic problems such as impractical maintenance procedures, inadequate training, and the safety versus profit challenge continue to contribute toward latent failures. Manoj S. Patankar and James C. Taylor strongly believe in incorporating the human factors principles in aviation maintenance. In this, their second of two volumes, they place particular emphasis on applying human factors principles in a book intended to serve as a practical guide, as well as an academic text. Features include: - A real 'how to' approach that serves as a companion to the previous volume: 'Risk Management and Error Reduction in Aviation Maintenance'. - Self-reports of maintenance errors used throughout to illustrate the systemic susceptibility for errors as well as to discuss corresponding solutions. - Two tools - a pre-task scorecard and a post-task scorecard - introduced as means to measure individual as well as organizational safety performance. - Interpersonal trust and professionalism explored in detail. - Ethical and procedural issues associated with collection and analysis of both qualitative as well as quantitative safety data discussed. The intended readership includes aviation maintenance personnel, e.g. FAA-type aircraft mechanics, CAA-type aircraft maintenance engineers, maintenance managers, regulators, and aviation students.

Although several U.S. and European airlines have started providing human factors training to their maintenance personnel, the academic community (some 300 academic programs in the United States and several others in Europe and Asia) has not yet started offering formal human factors education to maintenance students. The highly respected authors strongly believe in incorporating the human factors principles in aviation maintenance. This is the first of two volumes providing effective behavioural guidance on risk management in aviation maintenance for both the novice and the experienced maintenance personnel. Its practical guidelines assist both student and practising aviation maintenance personnel to develop sustainable safety culture. For the maintenance community it provides some theoretical discussion about the "Why?" for risk management and then focus on the ''How?'' to implement a successful error reduction program. To help the maintenance community in making a strong case to their financial managers, the authors also discuss the return on investment for risk management programs. The issue of risk management is taken at two levels. First, it provides a basic awareness information to those who have little or no knowledge of maintenance human factors. Second, it provides a set of practical tools for the more experienced people so that they can be more effective in risk management and error recovery in their jobs. This invaluable book serves as a practical guide as well as an academic textbook. The book covers fundamental human factors principles from a risk management perspective. Upon reading this informative book, the audience will be able to apply the basic principles of risk management to aviation maintenance environment, and they will be able to use low-risk behaviours in their daily work.

Although several U.S. and European airlines have started providing human factors training to their maintenance personnel, the academic community (some 300 academic programs in the United States and several others in Europe and Asia) has not yet started offering formal human factors education to maintenance students. The highly respected authors strongly believe in incorporating the human factors principles in aviation maintenance. This is the first of two volumes providing effective behavioural guidance on risk management in aviation maintenance for both the novice and the experienced maintenance personnel. Its practical guidelines assist both student and practising aviation maintenance personnel to develop sustainable safety culture. For the maintenance community it provides some theoretical discussion about the "Why?" for risk management and then focus on the ''How?'' to implement a successful error reduction program. To help the maintenance community in making a strong case to their financial managers, the authors also discuss the return on investment for risk management programs. The issue of risk management is taken at two levels. First, it provides a basic awareness information to those who have little or no knowledge of maintenance human factors. Second, it provides a set of practical tools for the more experienced people so that they can be more effective in risk management and error recovery in their jobs. This invaluable book serves as a practical guide as well as an academic textbook. The book covers fundamental human factors principles from a risk management perspective. Upon reading this informative book, the audience will be able to apply the basic principles of risk management to aviation maintenance environment, and they will be able to use low-risk behaviours in their daily work.

Considering the global awareness of human performance issues affecting maintenance personnel, there is enough evidence in the US ASRS reports to establish that systemic problems such as impractical maintenance procedures, inadequate training, and the safety versus profit challenge continue to contribute toward latent failures. Manoj S. Patankar and James C. Taylor strongly believe in incorporating the human factors principles in aviation maintenance. In this, their second of two volumes, they place particular emphasis on applying human factors principles in a book intended to serve as a practical guide, as well as an academic text. Features include: - A real ''how to'' approach that serves as a companion to the previous volume: ''Risk Management and Error Reduction in Aviation Maintenance''. - Self-reports of maintenance errors used throughout to illustrate the systemic susceptibility for errors as well as to discuss corresponding solutions. - Two tools - a pre-task scorecard and a post-task scorecard - introduced as means to measure individual as well as organizational safety performance. - Interpersonal trust and professionalism explored in detail. - Ethical and procedural issues associated with collection and analysis of both qualitative as well as quantitative safety data discussed. The intended readership includes aviation maintenance personnel, e.g. FAA-type aircraft mechanics, CAA-type aircraft maintenance engineers, maintenance managers, regulators, and aviation students.

Considering the global awareness of human performance issues affecting maintenance personnel, there is enough evidence in the US ASRS reports to establish that systemic problems such as impractical maintenance procedures, inadequate training, and the safety versus profit challenge continue to contribute toward latent failures. Manoj S. Patankar and James C. Taylor strongly believe in incorporating the human factors principles in aviation maintenance. In this, their second of two volumes, they place particular emphasis on applying human factors principles in a book intended to serve as a practical guide, as well as an academic text. Features include: - A real ''how to'' approach that serves as a companion to the previous volume: ''Risk Management and Error Reduction in Aviation Maintenance''. - Self-reports of maintenance errors used throughout to illustrate the systemic susceptibility for errors as well as to discuss corresponding solutions. - Two tools - a pre-task scorecard and a post-task scorecard - introduced as means to measure individual as well as organizational safety performance. - Interpersonal trust and professionalism explored in detail. - Ethical and procedural issues associated with collection and analysis of both qualitative as well as quantitative safety data discussed. The intended readership includes aviation maintenance personnel, e.g. FAA-type aircraft mechanics, CAA-type aircraft maintenance engineers, maintenance managers, regulators, and aviation students.

The Superhero Blockbuster: Adaptation, Style, and Meaning builds an innovative framework for analyzing one of the most prominent genres in twenty-first-century Hollywood. In combining theories of adaptation with close textual analysis, James C. Taylor provides a set of analytical tools with which to undertake nuanced exploration of superhero blockbusters’ meanings. This deep understanding of the films attends to historical, sociopolitical, and industrial contexts and also illuminates key ways in which the superhero genre has contributed to the development of the Hollywood blockbuster.Each chapter focuses on a different superhero or superhero team, covering some of the most popular superhero blockbusters based on DC and Marvel superheroes. The chapters cover different aspects of the films’ adaptive practices, exploring the adaptation of stylistic strategies, narrative models, and modes of seriality from superhero comic books, while being attentive to the ways in which the films engage with the wider networks of texts in various media that comprise a given superhero franchise. Chapter one looks back to the first superhero blockbuster, 1978’s Superman: The Movie, examining its cinematic re-envisioning of the quintessential superhero and role in establishing Hollywood’s emerging model of blockbuster filmmaking. Subsequent chapters analyze the twenty-first-century boom in superhero blockbusters and examine digital imaging and nostalgia in Spider-Man films, Marvel Studios’ adaptation of a shared universe model of seriality in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, and the use of alternate timeline narratives in X-Men films. The book concludes by turning its analytical toolkit to analysis of DC Studios’ cinematic universe, the DC Extended Universe.

The Superhero Blockbuster: Adaptation, Style, and Meaning builds an innovative framework for analyzing one of the most prominent genres in twenty-first-century Hollywood. In combining theories of adaptation with close textual analysis, James C. Taylor provides a set of analytical tools with which to undertake nuanced exploration of superhero blockbusters’ meanings. This deep understanding of the films attends to historical, sociopolitical, and industrial contexts and also illuminates key ways in which the superhero genre has contributed to the development of the Hollywood blockbuster.Each chapter focuses on a different superhero or superhero team, covering some of the most popular superhero blockbusters based on DC and Marvel superheroes. The chapters cover different aspects of the films’ adaptive practices, exploring the adaptation of stylistic strategies, narrative models, and modes of seriality from superhero comic books, while being attentive to the ways in which the films engage with the wider networks of texts in various media that comprise a given superhero franchise. Chapter one looks back to the first superhero blockbuster, 1978’s Superman: The Movie, examining its cinematic re-envisioning of the quintessential superhero and role in establishing Hollywood’s emerging model of blockbuster filmmaking. Subsequent chapters analyze the twenty-first-century boom in superhero blockbusters and examine digital imaging and nostalgia in Spider-Man films, Marvel Studios’ adaptation of a shared universe model of seriality in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, and the use of alternate timeline narratives in X-Men films. The book concludes by turning its analytical toolkit to analysis of DC Studios’ cinematic universe, the DC Extended Universe.

The Superhero Blockbuster: Adaptation, Style, and Meaning builds an innovative framework for analyzing one of the most prominent genres in twenty-first-century Hollywood. In combining theories of adaptation with close textual analysis, James C. Taylor provides a set of analytical tools with which to undertake nuanced exploration of superhero blockbusters’ meanings. This deep understanding of the films attends to historical, sociopolitical, and industrial contexts and also illuminates key ways in which the superhero genre has contributed to the development of the Hollywood blockbuster. Each chapter focuses on a different superhero or superhero team, covering some of the most popular superhero blockbusters based on DC and Marvel superheroes. The chapters cover different aspects of the films’ adaptive practices, exploring the adaptation of stylistic strategies, narrative models, and modes of seriality from superhero comic books, while being attentive to the ways in which the films engage with the wider networks of texts in various media that comprise a given superhero franchise. Chapter 1 looks back to the first superhero blockbuster, 1978’s Superman: The Movie, examining its cinematic re-envisioning of the quintessential superhero and role in establishing Hollywood’s emerging model of blockbuster filmmaking. Subsequent chapters analyze the twenty-first-century boom in superhero blockbusters and examine digital imaging and nostalgia in Spider-Man films, Marvel Studios’ adaptation of a shared universe model of seriality in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, and the use of alternate timeline narratives in X-Men films. The book concludes by turning its analytical toolkit to analysis of DC Studios’ cinematic universe, the DC Extended Universe.

The Superhero Blockbuster: Adaptation, Style, and Meaning builds an innovative framework for analyzing one of the most prominent genres in twenty-first-century Hollywood. In combining theories of adaptation with close textual analysis, James C. Taylor provides a set of analytical tools with which to undertake nuanced exploration of superhero blockbusters’ meanings. This deep understanding of the films attends to historical, sociopolitical, and industrial contexts and also illuminates key ways in which the superhero genre has contributed to the development of the Hollywood blockbuster. Each chapter focuses on a different superhero or superhero team, covering some of the most popular superhero blockbusters based on DC and Marvel superheroes. The chapters cover different aspects of the films’ adaptive practices, exploring the adaptation of stylistic strategies, narrative models, and modes of seriality from superhero comic books, while being attentive to the ways in which the films engage with the wider networks of texts in various media that comprise a given superhero franchise. Chapter 1 looks back to the first superhero blockbuster, 1978’s Superman: The Movie, examining its cinematic re-envisioning of the quintessential superhero and role in establishing Hollywood’s emerging model of blockbuster filmmaking. Subsequent chapters analyze the twenty-first-century boom in superhero blockbusters and examine digital imaging and nostalgia in Spider-Man films, Marvel Studios’ adaptation of a shared universe model of seriality in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, and the use of alternate timeline narratives in X-Men films. The book concludes by turning its analytical toolkit to analysis of DC Studios’ cinematic universe, the DC Extended Universe.

Advances in Chemistry Research. Volume 45 opens by discussing edible mushrooms, an interesting source of valuable compounds including sterols, fatty acids, carbohydrates, dietary fibers, vitamins, proteins, phenolic compounds, minerals and specific bioactive molecules. Conventional extraction methods using water or organic solvents, enzymes or physical treatments have been used for decades to recover different mushroom constituents. However, advanced green technologies using pressurized fluids such as supercritical fluid extraction or pressurized liquid extraction have emerged in the food field as an alternative to extract interesting compounds from different mushroom species. Thus, the authors summarize the approaches for extracting interesting molecules or specific fractions from edible mushrooms using pressurized fluids. This chapter also describes the different conditions such as technological parameters, solvents or processes that were selected to modulate the extraction yields and the bioactive properties of the obtained extracts. Following this, the Zhezkazgan deposit of cupriferous sandstones located in Kazakhstan was used as an example to consider two modern methods of rhenium recovery from a sulphuric acid scrub solution generated during the pyrometallurgical processing of copper sulphide ore - extraction method using trialkylamine and sorption method using weak base anion exchange resin (Purolite A170). The paper shows the possibility of using Purolite A170 to recover the perrhenate-ion by the anion exchange method, and the developed method of front-gradient cleaning allows quantitative removal of Purolite A170 resin saturated with rhenium from the phase as well as impurities by 92.0-99.8 %, including selenium by 99.2 %. The authors also aim to provide an overview of stimuli-triggered polypeptide-based hybrid hydrogels in which two components, peptides and proteins, are structural elements of the polymer network. Hydrogels derived from naturally occurring structural proteins are considered, followed by all-protein and peptide-based synthetic systems. Recent advances and challenges in the use of stimuli-responsive polymeric materials that are self-assembled from nanostructured building blocks are also reviewed. In the next chapter, an analysis is provided which demonstrates that the reaction mechanism and product configuration are electronically controlled. Studies of energy profiles for E1 reactions (dehydrohalogenation of secondary or tertiary alkyl halides and acid-catalyzed dehydration of secondary or tertiary alcohols) via a carbocation intermediate are discussed with the aid of the Bell-Evans-Polanyi principle. Finally, biological applications of elimination reactions are presented. Later, affinity chromatography is reviewed, as it has proved to be an effective technique for the recovery and purification of proteins. One of its main advantages is that it requires only one chromatographic step whereas other techniques require two or more. Another advantage is its ability to adsorb proteins present in samples at very low concentrations, thus avoiding the need to pre-concentrate the protein of interest or to eliminate potential interference. The authors show the efforts made so far to develop chromatographic matrices with immobilized triazine dyes for the purification of proteins with commercial value from different starting raw materials. Next, water/organic solvent sorption and residual enzyme activity was investigated to monitor preferential solvation and preferential hydration of protein macromolecules in the entire range of water content in organic liquids at 25 oC. The authors applied this approach to estimate protein destabilization/stabilization due to the preferential interactions of bovine pancreatic a-chymotrypsin with water-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) mixtures. This approach facilitates the individual evaluation of the Gibbs energies of water, protein, and organic solvent. In the subsequent study, samples of gallium were synthesized and their catalytic activity in the oxidation of BTX was investigated. The physicochemical characterization shows that the inclusion of gallium in the mesoporous silica structure leads to an increase in the number of oxygen vacancies in the structure, which can result in an increase in the total and surface oxygen mobility. The results show the highest conversion for benzene, toluene and o-xylene. In situ leaching of rhenium from uranium ores, recovery of rhenium from pregnant leach liquor (extraction methods and sorption methods) and precipitation of rhenium from nitrate-sulfate eluates by water-soluble polyelectrolytes is reported on in the penultimate chapter. The methods of complex hydrometallurgical processing of pregnant leach liquors and barren solutions; formed during the in situ uranium leaching, including the rhenium sorption by using strong and weak base anion exchange resins, its extraction by phosphor- and amino-contained extractants and precipitation of rhenium by cationic water-soluble polyelectrolytes; are developed. In the final chapter, the authors summarize their recent works that improved protein detection and analysis method of microfluidic chip electrophoresis (MCE), aiming at solving the problems of inconvenience, safety of high voltage and adsorption of biological macromolecules. More specifically, a portable poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) MCE was fabricated for effective separation of proteins under a low voltage with a USB interface. These devices may have great potentials on the protein separation, analytical chemistry, agriculture, governance of environmental pollution and other fields.

Advances in Chemistry Research. Volume 46 opens with a summary of the authors' recent findings in which an integrated computational approach to in silico drug design was used to identify novel HIV-1 entry inhibitor scaffolds mimicking high-affinity ligands of the viral envelope proteins, namely broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies (bNabs) VRC01, 3074, 10E8, and primary receptor CD4.Additionally, the authors examine recently published sequence- and structure-based methods for predicting peptide binders to major histocompatibility complex molecules and discuss their advantages and limitations (MHC). MHC molecules present peptide fragments (antigens) derived from pathogens and display them at the cell surface for T-cell recognition.Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) is one of the most important technologiesapplied in many refineries and has the ability to convert anextensive range of feedstocks to more valuable products including gasoline and propylene. This book provides a general background of the FCC process and details of the process will be presented focusing on FCC catalyst materials and additives.The effects of external physical fields (thermal (TF), ultrasonic (UF), and microwave (MF)) on the isothermal kinetics of fullerol formation are investigated. A spectrophotometric method was developed to monitor the conversion degree of fullerene to fullerol, and both the isothermal kinetic curves and conversion curves for fullerol formation are determined under TF, UF, and MF fields at different temperatures ranging from 293 to 313 K.The authors examine the way an excess of oxidative species can cause fatal damage to lipids within the cell membranes, cellular proteins and nucleic acids, as well as to the constituents of the extracellular matrix, such as collagens and proteoglycans.A simple expression is derived to evaluate diffusion activation energy, which involves only processing temperatures and the number of waveguide modes supported by the formed structures. Neither data processing nor special software is necessary for this calculation, and the technique also enables the evaluation of the diffusion activation energy directly in the procedure of self-similarity verification using the refractive index profiles found from the measured waveguide mode spectra.Lastly, this book suggests that thermal fluctuations play an important role in aid of flow stress above the temperature of 0 K, and the aid energy supplied by the thermal fluctuations is given for NaCl single crystals doped with various monovalent ions separately, when the weak obstacle (i.e. dopant ion) is overcome by a dislocation.

In the introductory chapter of Advances in Chemistry Research. Volume 47, the authors review eterogeneous catalytic systems reported from 2004 to 2018 for some of the key chemical transformations of limonene such as oxidation, hydrogenation and isomerization reactions. The main advantages of the heterogeneous catalytic processes are the easy separation of a catalyst from a reaction mixture, the possibility of reuse and the mild reaction conditions of the processes. The processes responsible for the memory effect (induced by electrical breakdown and discharge in custom-made/commercial tubes) filled with noble gases at low pressure are analyzed in the next chapter. This analysis is based on the experimental results pertaining to a mean value of electrical breakdown time delay as a function of the afterglow period. Next, a variety of hydroxyquinoline-based compounds from three perspectives, namely their applications as anticancer agents, as sensing agents for metal detection, and the mechanisms of their actions. The authors provide an overview on the ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes catalyzed and visible-light assisted procedures employed for the production of radical intermediates from sulfonyl chlorides. In addition, they account the applications of these radical species in the syntheses of functionalized aliphatic and aromatic compounds. Because previous kinetic models assume that the reaction medium was reacting at random and without a turnover associated to thermodynamics exchanges, some included experimental studies aim to show that coupling factor 1 from spinach chloroplasts has latent ATPase activity which becomes expressed after heat-treatment and incubation with calcium. Lastly, optically active ketones are isolated from the domino deprotection/decarboxylation/protonation reaction of racemic allyl or benzyl B-ketoesters and corresponding enol carbonates mediated with both palladium species and unichiral aminoalcohols. Protonation of an ammonium enolate as the key enantioselective step is consistent with the absence of a relationship between the nature of the substrate and the absolute configuration of the isolated ketone.

Advances in Chemistry Research. Volume 48 opens with a discussion of statistically significant evidence of the application of stochastic dynamics, in particular, the Box–Müller’s method, for studying the temporal behavior of the mass spectrometric intensity. The presented model equations, based on stochastic dynamics, are validated using another source of evidence of mass spectrometric diffusion parameters called the “current monitoring method”. Crystallographic data of five of the studied crystals are presented for first time together with an electron density analysis. Next, the authors cover different analytical techniques that have been used for the analysis of sulfacetamide and its degradation/metabolic products in order to develop a better understanding of the assay of the active drug. The various techniques employed for this purpose are discussed. The following chapter presents methods of the stereoselective C-acylation and their applications in natural product synthesis. Compared to stereoselective aldol reactions, stereoselective acylation reactions are not frequently used but are still important methods because they are irreversible reactions, while some aldol adducts undergo the retro-aldol reaction. In the concluding section, the authors discuss their recent progress in developing Ir complex-catalyzed N-alkylation systems employing alcohols as alkylating reagents. These catalytic systems involving hydrogen transfer process are environmentally friendly because they produce water as the sole byproduct.

Water pollution by organic dyestuffs is a major environmental issue to be addressed, given the strong negative impact of such molecules due to both their direct toxicity and that of their derivatives. As such, there is a growing interest regarding possible implementation of advanced oxidation processes in conventional wastewater treatments. Following this, the process of oxidation-reduction is conducted in electrodes/membranes based on teflonized carbon blacks/carbons. A physical model of the reaction mechanism in carbon-teflon structure is developed, and three types of processes have been studied: SO2 oxidation with O2 reduction; H2S oxidation with O2 reduction; and H2S oxidation with SO2 reduction. The authors aim to update the knowledge in the field by presenting in a systematic approach the scientific literature data concerning the applications of cyanoethylation focusing on the catalytic aspects of the process. Aspects related to the most relevant reactions, the reaction conditions and the catalysts employed for each of them are presented. In closing, numerical simulation of shock wave phenomena in supersonic compressible flows is discussed. The test cases considered include supersonic flow in a channel with a forward-facing step, reflection of a shock wave from a wall, shock wave and laminar boundary layer interaction.

Advances in Chemistry Research. Volume 50 opens with a discussion of the analytical chemistry of amlodipine from the perspective of drug purity control and stability indicating assays for quality assurance purposes. The synthesis and stability of the heterocycle is examined in conjunction with the determination impurities in different scenarios. Other specific aspects such as phase transitions, the determination of genotoxic impurities, and the enantiomers of the drug are also discussed. The following chapter focuses on the numerical investigation of the trends in the flow patterns and the corresponding characteristics of the chemical reactions that develop for different flow path geometries incorporating features typically found in engineering systems. These geometries include a straight flow channel, a constricted channel, a channel with a roughened surface, a channel with a junction, and then a channel with an expansion and contraction including an open expansion, an expansion with a filter, with baffles, a flow obstruction, and a roughened surface. The authors go on to discuss carbonylation reactions of important homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, development of carbon monoxide surrogates and future aspects. The carbon monoxide molecule has gained immense interest as one-carbon source building block through C–C bond formations in many catalytic carbonylation reactions for producing fine and bulk chemicals. The closing chapter discusses the most important aspects of liquid-liquid extraction of ion-association complexes: association and extraction equilibria, ion-association reagents, organic solvents, side processes and their manifestation, and methods for determining composition and equilibrium constants. It systematizes information on the classical liquid-liquid extraction of ion-association complexes which can help investigators take full advantage of the high chemical-analytical potential of these compounds.

In this compilation, the authors begin by highlighting the recent developments in asymmetric 1,4- and 1,2- additions to α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The recent finding of Cu (I)-catalyzed asymmetric 1,2-addition of Grignard reagents to α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, as well as aromatic ketones, has categorically revolutionized catalytic asymmetric reactions. This compilation also aims to use the well-known coordination preference of zinc in phthalocyanine and porphyrin ligands in correlation with supramolecular systems. The light-absorption process in dye-sensitized solar cells is studied using the time-dependent density functional theory. In recent years, a series of investigations on detonation wave formation in acetylene have been published. In these studies, it was shown that the formation of detonation proceeds entirely due to the energy released during the condensation of carbon nanoparticles during the growth of poly-aromatic hydrocarbons. The results of these studies are summarized and practical applications are discussed. The authors discuss aromatic amines, derivatives of aromatic hydrocarbons containing an amino group/an amine group/nitrogen atom in their structures. These compounds represent one of the most important classes of industrial and environmental chemicals. Three groups have been studied: monocyclic, polycyclic, and heterocyclic aromatic amines, which are used as intermediates in azo dye manufacturing, pigments, drugs, antibiotics, antidepressants, pesticides, and other industrial products. In the closing study, the GC-MS/MS method has been developed for the determination and quantification of 35 multiclass pesticide residues in chili samples. Pesticides were selected from different families including organochlorines, organophosphorus, carbamates, pyrethroids, triazines, triazoles, and pyrazoles. The QuEChERS-dSPE method was used for the extraction of pesticide residue.

The opening chapter discusses recent investigations carried out from the academia, industry and research organizations about technology in the treatment of aqueous solutions containing any type of metal. Chapter two describes naphthalene catabolism genes, their organization and function, and the role of extrachromosomal DNA in naphthalene oxidation. Factors affecting natural PAH biodegradation are estimated; model systems to study naphthalene and phenanthrene microbial utilization are presented in detail, focusing on mathematical modeling of biodegradation processes in the laboratory microcosms. Moreover, the authors also described the mobility of naphthalene degradation-related genes by horizontal gene transfer in gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The authors go on to review attempts to produce more reasonable values by taking the relative electronegativities of the bonded atoms into account. The experience of the research team in the field of cementation processes in which tin participates as a metal-cementator or tin is reduced by another metal from its compounds dissolved in solutions is generalized in the concluding chapter.

The opening chapter of Advances in Chemistry Research. Volume 53 reviews the many theoretical predictions of nitrogen oligomers and discusses their potential applications. Predictions of nitrogen oligomers encapsulated in carbon nanotubes, free standing oligomers and single crystals of nitrogen oligomers are also discussed. Additionally, a focus on the synthesis of various electron push and electron pull units towards the construction of push-pull unit decorated oligomers and their application as organic optoelectronic materials is presented. The authors provide a summary of relevant methodologies for using an alcohol as reducing agent. The authors go on to examine how yellow laccases differ from blue laccases in fungal strains. Laccase is an oxidoreductase with four copper ions in two active sites, which catalyzes the oxidation of reduced substrates usually phenols or aromatic amines, coupled with the reduction of molecular oxygen to water. The penultimate chapter discusses the novel features of biphenyl-based systems and how their rigidity and compactness provide detectable signals even for poorly conducting conformations. A literature review on ethylbenzene extraction using ionic liquids is presented in the final section and the results are discussed in the light of selectivity and distribution coefficients since both of them affect process efficiency.