John Fitzgerald – författare

This is the third volume in a series examining the political importance of China's provinces under reform. The present book provides a survey of provinces as echelons of the peoples Republic of China. It seeks to locate the province as an administrative level in the Chinese state, through an examination of history, economic, social and political developments of these units. By situating the province history, this volume identifies new developments in the territorial administration of the People's Republic over the reform era. It also charts the consequent emergence of the city as an intermediate unit, situated between the province and the country, and providing challenges to the hierarchy of the bureaucratic state. This book includes detailed analyses of Chongqing, Henan, Guangdong, Anhui, Yunnan and Heilongjiang. It contains extensively researched empirical data collected from these provinces, and user friendly maps of these regions.

How can we make sure that the software we build does what it is supposed to? This book provides an insight into established techniques which help developers to overcome the complexity of software development by constructing models of software systems in early design stages. It uses one of the leading formal methods, VDM (Vienna Development Method), and combines training in the formalism with industry-strength tool support and examples derived from real industrial applications. The principles taught here also apply to many of the current generation of formal methods. This second edition has been updated to include advanced online tool support for formal modelling as well as up-to-date reports on real commercial applications in areas as diverse as business information systems and firmware design.

This innovative work is the first to approach the awakening of China as a historical problem in its own right, and to locate this problem within the broader history of the rise of modern China. It analyzes the link between the awakening of China as a historical narrative and the awakening of the Chinese people as a political technique for building a sovereign and independent state. In sum, it asks what we mean when we say that China "woke up" in this century.The book follows the legend of China's awakening from its origins in the European imagination, to its transmission to China and its encounters with a lyrical Chinese tradition of ethical awakening, to its incorporation and mobilization in a mass movement designed to wake up everyone. Fiction and fashion, architecture and autobiography, take their places alongside politics and history, and the reader is asked to move about among writers, philosophers, ethnographers, revolutionaries, and soldiers who would seem to have little in common.The book focuses on the Nationalist movement in south China, highlighting the role of Sun Yat-sen as director of awakenings in the Nationalist Revolution and the place of Mao Zedong as his successor in the politics of mass awakening. Of special interest is the previously untold story of Mao's role in the Nationalist Propaganda Bureau, showing Mao as a master of propaganda and discipline, rather than as peasant movement activist.

Much has been written about the White Australia Policy, but very little has been written about it from a Chinese perspective. ""Big White Lie"" shifts our understanding of the White Australia Policy - and indeed White Australia - by exploring what Chinese Australians were saying and doing at a time when they were officially excluded.""Big White Lie"" pays close attention to Chinese migration patterns, debates, social organisations, and their business and religious lives. It shows that they had every right to be counted as Australians, even in White Australia. The book's focus on Chinese Australians provides a refreshing new perspective on the important role the Chinese have played in Australia's past at a time when China's likely role in Australia's future is more compelling than ever.

Having stagnated for decades in the shadow of the UK, the Irish economy's performance improved after it joined the European Union (EEC) in 1973. This Element shows how the challenge of EU membership gave focus and direction to Irish economic policy. No longer dependent on low value-added agricultural exports to Britain, within the EU Ireland became a hub for multinational corporations in IT and pharmaceutical products. This export success required and facilitated a strengthening of education and social policy infrastructures, and underpinned the achievement of high average living standards. EU membership has also brought challenges, and several severe setbacks have resulted from Irish policy mistakes. But the European flavour of Ireland's structural policies (leavened with exposure to US experience) has helped it navigate the hazards of hyper-globalization with fewer political tensions than seen elsewhere.

Since the founding of the Communist Party in China just over a century ago, there is much the country has achieved. But who does the heavy lifting in China? And who walks away with the spoils? Cadre Country places the spotlight on the nation's 40 million cadres – the managers and government officials employed by the ruling Communist Party to protect its great enterprise. This group has captured the culture and wealth of China, excluding the voices of the common citizens of this powerful and diverse country.Award-winning historian John Fitzgerald focuses on the stories the Communist Party tells about itself, exploring how China works as an authoritarian state, and revealing Beijing's monumental propaganda productions as a fragile edifice built on questionable assumptions.Cadre Country is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the workings of the Chinese Communist Party and the limits of its achievements.

Object-oriented design methods are commonplace in computing systems development, but are often dismissed as 'boxes & arrows'. If systems developers are to gain full advantage from such methods, they should be able to achieve designs that are not merely the subject of heated argument, but can be improved by careful, rigorous & machine-supported analysis.This book describes an object-oriented design approach that combines the benefits of abstract modelling with the analytic power of formal methods, to give designs that can be rigorously validated & assured with automated support.Aimed at software architects, designers & developers as well as computer scientists, no prior knowledge of formal methods is assumed. The elements of functional modelling are introduced using numerous examples & exercises, industrial case studies & experience reports. Industry-strength tools support the text. Go to www.vdmbook.com to download free-of-charge VDMTools Lite, which gives the possibility to try out examples from the book

Object-oriented design methods are commonplace in computing systems development, but are often dismissed as little more than 'boxes and arrows'. If systems developers are to gain the full advantage from such methods, they should be able to achieve designs that are not merely the subject of heated argument, but can be improved by careful, rigorous and machine-supported analysis. Validated Designs for Object-oriented Systems describes an object-oriented design approach that combines the benefits of abstract modelling with the analytic power of formal methods, to give designs that can be rigorously validated and assured with automated support. Aimed at software architects, designers and developers as well as computer scientists, no prior knowledge of formal methods is assumed. The elements of functional modelling are introduced using numerous examples and exercises, industrial case studies and experience reports. Industry-strength tools support the text, and further materials are available on the accompanying website.

Studying British Cinema: 1999–2009 adopts a number of approaches to popularist, mainstream, and esoteric arthouse films. The book considers the institutional and financial factors that influence U.K. film production and assesses issues of genre, representation, authorship, and social, economic, and political contexts. The growth of coproduction is considered by looking at both Aardman Animation and the Harry Potter franchise (2001 to the present). Representations of social class factor into films as diverse as Red Road (2006) and Love, Actually (2003), and developments in social realism, primarily by female directors, are examined. The revival of the British science fiction and horror film is also covered in detail, and ethnic groups and new economic migrants are viewed in two separate chapters, as well as the growth of films concerning British protagonists in Africa. One section offers a close analysis of two of the most important directors of the decade: Michael Winterbottom and Shane Meadows.

How can we use a DT to support decisions, and how do we maintain it through life?To this end, the book is structured in five parts: “Foundations” introduces the DT concept, the potential benefits of DTs seen from a business perspective, and foundations for DT engineering.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21st International Symposium on Formal Methods, FM 2016, held in Limassol, Cyprus, in November 2016. The 38 full papers and 11 short papers presented together with one abstract of an invited talk and one invited presentation were carefully reviewed and selected from 162 submissions.

This manual examines the practical aspects of using and constructing proofs in the specification and development of computing systems. The reader is guided through the elements of proof construction with the help of numerous worked examples. The techniques can be applied to specification and development in a range of formalisms, and are illustrated using the logic and the basic data types of the VDM specification language. The construction of theorems and proofs from actual specifications and refinements is also described, and a detailed case study, including several refinement steps, shows how formal proofs can be used in practice. In addition, the book contains a directory of axioms and formally proved theorems.

This volume contains the proceedings of Formal Methods 2005, the 13th InternationalSymposiumonFormalMethodsheldinNewcastleuponTyne,UK, during July 18–22, 2005. Formal Methods Europe (FME, www.fmeurope.org) is an independent association which aims to stimulate the use of, and research on, formal methods for system development. FME conferences began with a VDM Europe symposium in 1987. Since then, the meetings have grown and have been held about once every 18 months. Throughout the years the symposia have been notablysuccessfulinbringingtogetherresearchers,tooldevelopers,vendors,and users, both from academia and from industry. Formal Methods 2005 con?rms this success. We received 130 submissions to the main conference, from all over the world. Each submission was carefully refereed by at least three reviewers. Then, after an intensive, in-depth discussion, the Program Committee selected 31 papers for presentation at the conference. They form the bulk of this volume. We would like to thank all the Program Committee members and the referees for their excellent and e?cient work. Apart from the selected contributions, the Committee invited three keynote lectures from Mathai Joseph, Marie-Claude Gaudel and Chris Johnson. You will ?nd the abstracts/papers for their keynote lectures in this volume as well. AninnovationfortheFM2005programwasapaneldiscussiononthehistory of formal methods, with Jean-Raymond Abrial, Dines Bjørner, Jim Horning and Cli? Jones as panelists. Unfortunately, it was not possible to re?ect this event in the current volume, but you will ?nd the material documenting it elsewhere (see the conference Web page).

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of FME '97, the 4th International Symposium of Formal Methods Europe devoted to Industrial Applications and Strengthened Foundations of Formal Methods , held in Graz, Austria, in September 1997. The 35 revised full papers presented in the volume were selected from a total of 94 submissions. Formal methods and mathematically based techniques are increasingly recognized as a viable technology for the development and engineering of computing systems. The majority of the papers in this volume describe industrial applications, extensions to existing techniques, or case studies; papers on theoretical aspects show clear potential applicability.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the Third International Conference on Abstract State Machines, B, VDM, and Z, which took place in Pisa, Italy, in June 2012. The 20 full papers presented together with 2 invited talks and 13 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 59 submissions. The ABZ conference series is dedicated to the cross-fertilization of five related state-based and machine-based formal methods: Abstract State Machines (ASM), Alloy, B, VDM, and Z. They share a common conceptual foundation and are widely used in both academia and industry for the design and analysis of hardware and software systems. The main goal of this conference series is to contribute to the integration of these formal methods, clarifying their commonalities and differences to better understand how to combine different approaches for accomplishing the various tasks in modeling, experimental validation and mathematical verification of reliable high-quality hardware/software systems.

One of the most significant challenges in the development of embedded and cyber-physical systems is the gap between the disciplines of software and control engineering. In a marketplace, where rapid innovation is essential, engineers from both disciplines need to be able to explore system designs collaboratively, allocating responsibilities to software and physical elements, and analyzing trade-offs between them.To this end, this book presents a framework that allows the very different kinds of design models – discrete-event (DE) models of software and continuous time (CT) models of the physical environment – to be analyzed and simulated jointly, based on common scenarios. The individual chapters provide introductions to both sides of this co-simulation technology, and give a step-by-step guide to the methodology for designing and analyzing co-models. They are grouped into three parts: Part I introduces the technical basis for collaborative modeling and simulation with the Crescendo technology. Part II continues with different methodological guidelines for creating co-models and analyzing them in different ways using case studies. Part III then delves into more advanced topics and looks into the potential future of this technology in the area of cyber-physical systems. Finally various appendices provide summaries of the VDM and 20-sim technologies, a number of valuable design patterns applicable for co-models, and an acronym list along with indices and references to other literature. By combining descriptions of the underlying theory with records of real engineers’ experience in using the framework on a series of case studies the book appeals to scientists and practitioners alike. It is complemented by tools, examples, videos, and other material on www.crescendotool.org.Scientists/researchers and graduate students working in embedded and cyber-physical systems will learn the semantic foundations for collaborative modeling and simulation,as well as the current capabilities and limitations of methods and tools in this field. Practitioners will be able to develop an appreciation of the capabilities of the co-modeling techniques, to assess the benefits of more collaborative approaches to modeling and simulation, and will benefit from the included guidelines and modeling patterns.

One of the most significant challenges in the development of embedded and cyber-physical systems is the gap between the disciplines of software and control engineering. In a marketplace, where rapid innovation is essential, engineers from both disciplines need to be able to explore system designs collaboratively, allocating responsibilities to software and physical elements, and analyzing trade-offs between them.To this end, this book presents a framework that allows the very different kinds of design models – discrete-event (DE) models of software and continuous time (CT) models of the physical environment – to be analyzed and simulated jointly, based on common scenarios. The individual chapters provide introductions to both sides of this co-simulation technology, and give a step-by-step guide to the methodology for designing and analyzing co-models. They are grouped into three parts: Part I introduces the technical basis for collaborative modeling and simulation with the Crescendo technology. Part II continues with different methodological guidelines for creating co-models and analyzing them in different ways using case studies. Part III then delves into more advanced topics and looks into the potential future of this technology in the area of cyber-physical systems. Finally various appendices provide summaries of the VDM and 20-sim technologies, a number of valuable design patterns applicable for co-models, and an acronym list along with indices and references to other literature. By combining descriptions of the underlying theory with records of real engineers’ experience in using the framework on a series of case studies the book appeals to scientists and practitioners alike. It is complemented by tools, examples, videos, and other material on www.crescendotool.org.Scientists/researchers and graduate students working in embedded and cyber-physical systems will learn the semantic foundations for collaborative modeling and simulation,as well as the current capabilities and limitations of methods and tools in this field. Practitioners will be able to develop an appreciation of the capabilities of the co-modeling techniques, to assess the benefits of more collaborative approaches to modeling and simulation, and will benefit from the included guidelines and modeling patterns.