John H. Lawrence – författare

Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Volume 13 covers articles on the advances in biological and medical physics. The book presents papers on the solid-state physics of electron and ion transport in biology; on microelectrophoretic studies on the surface chemistry of erythrocytes; and on a specific common chromosomal pathway for the origin of human malignancy, including an evaluation of long-term human hazards of potential environmental carcinogens. The text then discusses the instantaneous radiation levels at different altitudes and latitudes; the accumulated radiation exposures to crew members and passengers; and the resulting radiation burden to the entire population. The theory and practical application of the selective destruction of cell organelles by laser beam, as well as some aspects of radiation effects on cell membranes are also considered. The book further tackles the effects of radiation on artificial lipid membranes; the role of bacterial membranes in radiosensitization; and the effects of ionizing radiation on lysosomes and other intracellular membranes. The text also describes the high oxygen effect for the release of enzymes from isolated mammalian lysosomes after treatment with ionizing radiation; as well as the effects of ultraviolet and visible light on nerve fibers and changes in optical properties during nervous activity. The effects of ultraviolet radiation on isolated nerve fibers are also looked into. Biological and medical physicists and students taking these courses will find the book invaluable.

Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Volume 15 covers papers on the productive applications of physical science in biology and medicine. The book presents articles dealing with the geometric influence of bone matrix on the differentiation of fibroblasts and information on human repetitious DNA; the complexity of the human genome; and possible directions for future research. The text then describes the problem of biological time. The microcirculatory basis of fluid exchange is also considered. The book concludes with articles dealing with the possibilities for electron microscopy and diffraction of wet, unstained and unfixed biological material, as well as with the metabolic events in localized compartments of the living cell carried out through the use of rapid microspectrofluorometry. Biological and medical physicists and students taking these courses will find the book invaluable.

Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Volume 16 covers articles about advances in biological and medical physics. The book presents articles about studies on spontaneous bioelectric activity of nerve cells in cultures and on means and methods for processing of physiological signals with emphasis on EEG analysis. The text also includes articles on dissipative structures and biological order; on spatial and temporal organization in the Zhabotinsky reaction; as well as on chemical topology and reaction dynamics. The perspectives on thermodynamics and the origin of life; pattern formation in a model for cooperative membrane carrier transport; as well as an enzyme membrane oscillator are also considered. The book further describes articles about synthetic membranes and living cells, membrane structure and passive flows, and energetics of active transport. The text then discusses the isolation and characterization of different molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase and the relationship of the enzyme to the membrane; as well as the chemical control of bioelectric currents. The traditional conflict between physics and metaphysics; human and scientific concepts of time; the relation of the sciences to human and religious values; and moiré patterns in science and art are also encompassed. The book concludes by providing summary remarks and personal recollections of Aharon Katchalsky and a description of Aharon Katzir as a scientist and humanist. Biological and medical physicists will find the book invaluable.

Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Volume 17 covers articles on the advances in biological and medical physics. The book presents articles on energy transfer dynamics; the molecular mechanism of DNA repair after ionizing radiation; and mechanisms of prereplication repair of DNA breaks in gamma-irradiated E. coli cells. The text then describes articles about damages to DNA that result in neoplastic transformation; the nature of radiation and chemically-induced lesions and the role of cellular mechanisms in cell survival and mutagenesis; as well as the nature of the target in the biological action of ionizing radiation. The gated detection and analysis of nanosecond pulse excitation and the time-profile multicomponent analysis using nonintrusive mass spectrometry are also considered. The book further tackles the technique of acoustic microscopy in biophysics and the use of electron spin echo spectroscopy in the study of biological structure and function. The text also describes radiation as an oncogen and as a cocarcinogen at the cellular level and speculates on some possible molecular and cellular mechanisms of radiocarcinogenesis. Biological and medical physicists, biologists, and chemists will find the book invaluable.

Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Volume II highlights the application of nuclear physics to biological and medical problems. This volume is composed of nine chapters, and start with survey on the biological effects of radiation exposure. The succeeding chapters deal with the mechanisms of molecular exchange and blood transfusion; the use of carbon isotopes in in vivo and in vitro animal studies; and the principles and applications of radioautographic technique. These topics are followed by discussions on the carcinogenic potential of ionizing radiation and the detection or measurement of radioisotopes in intact tissues of animals. The remaining chapters focus on some applications of nuclear physical and biophysical approaches in medicine. This book is of value to biologists, radiation scientists, and medical practitioners.

Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Volume III is a collection of papers dealing with the applications of radioactive isotopes, particularly, with the dosimetry of artificial radioactive isotopes, and the kinetics of the turnover of radioactive substances. One paper explains dosimetry in medicine as regards (1) units and absolute dosage rates, and (2) the distribution of radiation in a scattering medium such as the human body. The investigator can use tracers to make individual observations of the behavior of specific molecules in steady state systems. This feature of tracer applications leads to analysis of biological reaction kinetics. Some papers discuss the mechanisms involved in the antigen-antibody reactions, molecular analysis using fast charged particles, x-ray microscopy, ultraviolet microscopy, microspectroscopy, as well as the biological effects of ultrasonic waves. Ultrasonic waves can affect biological material through heat action, mechanical action, or chemical action. One paper suggests that cell disintegration is due to the mechanical effect provoked by cavitation and that cells are probably broken down by the sharp-fronted shock wave resulting from the collapse of cavitation bubbles. The collection can prove beneficial for biochemists, micro-biologists, bio-physicists, cellular researchers, and academicians involved in the study of cellular biology.

Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Volume VIII is a collection of papers that deals with chemical elements of blood, neutron activation analysis, and low level gamma-ray scintillation spectrometry. One paper describes the analysis of a large number of chemical elements in a single sample of human blood serum that includes the mean values gathered for 66 chemical elements. Another paper reviews the application of neutron activation analysis to biological and medical research, particularly in the detection and quantitation of trace elements in biological tissues. Some papers discuss the use of heavy ions in molecular and cellular radiobiology, the physics of space radiation, and carcinogenesis mechanisms. One paper discusses the radio-biological consequences of the ionizing radiation on a biological system that depends on the spatial distribution of the energy the system absorbs. The paper notes that the efficiency of heavy ions to inactivate dried enzymes kept at various constant temperatures during the exposure differs significantly from results obtained from that of sparsely ionizing radiations. Results gathered from comparisons of model and experiments, show that indirect energy transfers, such as those made by intermediary free radicals or other secondary reaction products, can play a role in carcinogenesis. The collection can prove beneficial for biochemists, micro-biologists, cellular researchers, and academicians involved in medical physics, radiological physics, or in the study of cellular biology and oncology.

Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Volume 12 covers the significant progress in various aspects of biology and medical physics. This volume is composed of 16 chapters. The opening chapters deal with the principles and application of freeze-etching technique and scanning electron microscopy. The succeeding chapters review the development rudimentary model of the chromosome, the mechanisms involving large number of steps to kinetic studies of multisubstrate enzyme systems, and some biophysical approaches to evaluate radiation effects and their repair. These topics are followed by discussions the origin of the observed fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra of DNA, as well as some aspects of energy transfer that apply to DNA and other polynucleotides. Other chapters explore the processes of cellular repair, cell''s radiation sensivity, bacterial photoreactivation of mutation, and the genetic control of DNA repair and genetic recombination. The final chapters consider the mechanism of mutation suppression in yeast, the role of cytoplasm in radiobiology, and the different random factors governing the dose-effect relation. This book is of value to biologists, medical physicists, and medical practitioners.

Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Volume 14 focuses on the application of physics to biology and medicine. The topics covered in this book include mechanical, biochemical, and architectural features of surgical repair; structure of normal and pathologic erythrocytes; and cytology automation. The analysis of reported physiologic effects of microwave radiation; spectroscopic methods in biology, with application to neurophysiology; and transmission of pictorial information through the skin are also deliberated in this text. This compilation likewise discusses the apparatus for tactile image projection, cutaneous stimulation, and neural factors. This publication is a good reference for students and individuals researching on biological and medical physics.

Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Volume 10 focuses on the application of physics to biology and medicine. The topics covered in this book include effects of ionizing radiation on the nervous system; use of short-lived nuclides in medical research; and biological effects of laser radiation. The tracer techniques for the study of bone metabolism in man; elastic reservoir theories of the human circulation with applications to clinical medicine and to computer analysis of the circulation; and implantable cardiac pacemakers are also deliberated in this text. This publication is a good source for students and researchers conducting work on biological and medical physics.

Advances in Biological and Medical Physics provides an overview of the state of knowledge in biological and medical physics. The book contains seven chapters and begins with a discussion of the kinetics of cellular proliferation. This is followed by separate chapters on energy distribution in the absorption of radiation; polymorphic transitions of lipids and their possible role in the structure and function of membranes; and chemical interrelationships between the major classes of serum lipoproteins and statistical interrelationships between the serum concentrations of major classes of lipoproteins. Subsequent chapters deal with applications of thermodynamics and the theory of mechanics to the study of mechanisms responsible for material transfer through the membranes of living cells; the role of the swimbladder rete of fish in inert gas and oxygen secretion; and zone centrifugation techniques.

Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Volume VI, provides an overview of the state of knowledge in biological and medical physics. The book opens with a study on ion and water transport in stomach and intestine. This is followed by separate chapters on artificial and induced periodicity in living cells; radiobiological aspects of the induction of lysogenic bacteria to produce phage with x-ray, gamma ray, and ultraviolet radiations; cell studies with microspectrography; and the effect of ionizing radiation on tumors in experimental animals. Subsequent chapters deal with biological effects of fallout from nuclear weapons tests; radiological contrast enhancing methods; measurement of regional circulation in the central nervous system by the use of radioactive inert gas; and intense ultrasound in investigations of the central nervous system. Also covered are the use of isotopic tracers in the study of diabetes; application of light scattering to biological systems; and physical and chemical mechanisms in the injury of cells by ionizing radiations.

Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Volume 1, provides an overview of the state of knowledge in biological and medical physics. The book contains 10 chapters and opens with a discussion of methods by which isotopes can be employed in medical and biological problems, and the factors that influence the choice of isotopes that have been and may be used in biological work. This is followed by separate chapters on the applications of nitrogen and carbon isotopes to in vivo studies of the animal organism; the nature and production of artificial radioactivity; the interaction of radioactivity with matter and instruments for detecting ionizing radiation; and the scope of health physics. Subsequent chapters deal with the use of radioactive isotopes to study iron and hemoglobin metabolism and the physiology of the erythrocyte; applications of radioactive phosphorus as a tracer in intermediary metabolism of fat; effects of the atomic bomb irradiation on the Japanese; and nucleic acid metabolism.

Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Volume IV, provides an overview of the state of knowledge in biological and medical physics. The book contains eight chapters and opens with a discussion of the application of X-ray diffraction to crystalline proteins. This is followed by separate chapters on the relationship between the chemical information which can be stored in the nucleic acid molecule and the sequence of amino acids found in polypeptides and proteins; materials for the biophysical and biochemical study of cell division; and the action of high and low temperatures in the destruction of unicellular organisms. Subsequent chapters deal with infrared spectrometry; the kinetics of iron metabolism; the gross composition of the body; and an argument for a theory of aging, which states that the tendency toward further disease experience is at a metabolic rate determined by accumulated disease experience of the past.

Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Volume V, provides an overview of the state of knowledge in biological and medical physics. The book opens with a discussion of electron spin resonance and nuclear magnetic resonance and their applications to biology. This is followed by separate chapters on action spectroscopy, the genetics of somatic mammalian cells, partial-cell irradiation, electrical properties of tissue and cell suspensions, quantum effects in human vision, and television techniques in biology and medicine. Subsequent chapters deal with studies on the use of antibodies as carriers of radioactivity for therapy; studies on the fundamentals of cholesterol metabolism performed with cholesterol labeled with tritium; examples of low level counting problems which have been successfully solved; and the radioactivity of the human body.

Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Volume 9, provides an overview of the state of knowledge in biological and medical physics. The book contains seven chapters and opens with a discussion of the biological synthesis of proteins and some of the recent experimental work concerned with these steps. This is followed by separate chapters on advances in the definition and classification of human chromosomal aberrations; tissue transplantation; the use of the microbeam in radiobiology; electron paramagnetic resonance studies; the polarimetric study of protein structures; and the analysis of biological similarity.

Advances in Biological and Medical Physics, Volume VII, provides an overview of the state of knowledge in biological and medical physics. The book opens with a study on genetic and physiological effects of the decay of incorporated radioactive phosphorus in bacterial viruses and bacteria. This is followed by separate chapters on micro x-ray diffraction on biological materials; autoradiography with tritium-labeled substances; mechanisms of activity transfer between receptor cell and nerve cell in the Limulus lateral eye; and the effects of radiation on the central nervous system. Subsequent chapters deal with isotopic studies on the distribution and metabolism of plasma proteins and radiation carcinogenesis.