Jon Timmis – författare

Whatever its final readership and impact, we, the Editors, feel this book is im­ portant. It addresses the realisation that there is a deep and abiding synergy, albeit one only now being properly explored and exploited, between immunol­ ogy and computational science. This area of intersection we christen in silico immunology. Immunology is an inspiration for computational scientists seek­ ing practical and philosophical metaphors for their work; but, at the same time, it is itself a biological discipline of such discombobulating complexity that only computational help as different as simulation and data warehousing can make its modern study tractable. Thus immunology both inspires but also requires computational science. This book deals in detail with the three main areas of in silico immunology: theoretical immunology, immunoinformatics, and artificial immune systems. While all of these are now well-established the interactions between the three are only beginning to be developed. It is a truly exciting time to be working in in silicio immunology. We are reaching a critical mass that will enable great strides to be taken and significant achievements to be made. Like David Hume, we may yet come to regret that this book falls still born from the press but we hope not. Hopefully it will instead strike a cord and tap into a burgeoning Zeitgeist ready to capitalise on the remarkable potential that is in silico immunology.

Whatever its final readership and impact, we, the Editors, feel this book is im­ portant. It addresses the realisation that there is a deep and abiding synergy, albeit one only now being properly explored and exploited, between immunol­ ogy and computational science. This area of intersection we christen in silico immunology. Immunology is an inspiration for computational scientists seek­ ing practical and philosophical metaphors for their work; but, at the same time, it is itself a biological discipline of such discombobulating complexity that only computational help as different as simulation and data warehousing can make its modern study tractable. Thus immunology both inspires but also requires computational science. This book deals in detail with the three main areas of in silico immunology: theoretical immunology, immunoinformatics, and artificial immune systems. While all of these are now well-established the interactions between the three are only beginning to be developed. It is a truly exciting time to be working in in silicio immunology. We are reaching a critical mass that will enable great strides to be taken and significant achievements to be made. Like David Hume, we may yet come to regret that this book falls still born from the press but we hope not. Hopefully it will instead strike a cord and tap into a burgeoning Zeitgeist ready to capitalise on the remarkable potential that is in silico immunology.

Whatever its final readership and impact, we, the Editors, feel this book is im­ portant. It addresses the realisation that there is a deep and abiding synergy, albeit one only now being properly explored and exploited, between immunol­ ogy and computational science. This area of intersection we christen in silico immunology. Immunology is an inspiration for computational scientists seek­ ing practical and philosophical metaphors for their work; but, at the same time, it is itself a biological discipline of such discombobulating complexity that only computational help as different as simulation and data warehousing can make its modern study tractable. Thus immunology both inspires but also requires computational science. This book deals in detail with the three main areas of in silico immunology: theoretical immunology, immunoinformatics, and artificial immune systems. While all of these are now well-established the interactions between the three are only beginning to be developed. It is a truly exciting time to be working in in silicio immunology. We are reaching a critical mass that will enable great strides to be taken and significant achievements to be made. Like David Hume, we may yet come to regret that this book falls still born from the press but we hope not. Hopefully it will instead strike a cord and tap into a burgeoning Zeitgeist ready to capitalise on the remarkable potential that is in silico immunology.

The topics covered in this book range from modeling and programming languages and environments, via approaches for design and verification, to issues of ethics and regulation. In terms of techniques, there are results on model-based engineering, product lines, mission specification, component-based development, simulation, testing, and proof. Applications range from manufacturing to service robots, to autonomous vehicles, and even robots than evolve in the real world. A final chapter summarizes issues on ethics and regulation based on discussions from a panel of experts. The origin of this book is a two-day event, entitled RoboSoft, that took place in November 2019, in London. Organized with the generous support of the Royal Academy of Engineering and the University of York, UK, RoboSoft brought together more than 100 scientists, engineers and practitioners from all over the world, representing 70 international institutions. Theintended readership includes researchers and practitioners with all levels of experience interested in working in the area of robotics, and software engineering more generally. The chapters are all self-contained, include explanations of the core concepts, and finish with a discussion of directions for further work.Chapters 'Towards Autonomous Robot Evolution', 'Composition, Separation of Roles and Model-Driven Approaches as Enabler of a Robotics Software Ecosystem' and 'Verifiable Autonomy and Responsible Robotics' are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

The topics covered in this book range from modeling and programming languages and environments, via approaches for design and verification, to issues of ethics and regulation. In terms of techniques, there are results on model-based engineering, product lines, mission specification, component-based development, simulation, testing, and proof. Applications range from manufacturing to service robots, to autonomous vehicles, and even robots than evolve in the real world. A final chapter summarizes issues on ethics and regulation based on discussions from a panel of experts. The origin of this book is a two-day event, entitled RoboSoft, that took place in November 2019, in London. Organized with the generous support of the Royal Academy of Engineering and the University of York, UK, RoboSoft brought together more than 100 scientists, engineers and practitioners from all over the world, representing 70 international institutions. Theintended readership includes researchers and practitioners with all levels of experience interested in working in the area of robotics, and software engineering more generally. The chapters are all self-contained, include explanations of the core concepts, and finish with a discussion of directions for further work.Chapters 'Towards Autonomous Robot Evolution', 'Composition, Separation of Roles and Model-Driven Approaches as Enabler of a Robotics Software Ecosystem' and 'Verifiable Autonomy and Responsible Robotics' are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

TheArti?cialLifetermappearedmorethan20yearsagoinasmallcornerofNew Mexico, USA. Since then the area has developed dramatically, many researchers joining enthusiastically and research groups sprouting everywhere. This frenetic activity led to the emergence of several strands that are now established ?elds in themselves. We are now reaching a stage that one may describe as maturer: with more rigour, more benchmarks, more results, more stringent acceptance criteria, more applications, in brief, more sound science. This, which is the n- ural path of all new areas, comes at a price, however. A certain enthusiasm, a certain adventurousness from the early years is fading and may have been lost on the way. The ?eld has become more reasonable. To counterbalance this and to encourage lively discussions, a conceptual track, where papers were judged on criteria like importance and/or novelty of the concepts proposed rather than the experimental/theoretical results, has been introduced this year. A conference on a theme as broad as Arti?cial Life is bound to be very - verse,but a few tendencies emerged. First, ?elds like ‘Robotics and Autonomous Agents’ or ‘Evolutionary Computation’ are still extremely active and keep on bringing a wealth of results to the A-Life community. Even there, however, new tendencies appear, like collective robotics, and more speci?cally self-assembling robotics, which represent now a large subsection. Second, new areas appear.

TheArti?cialLifetermappearedmorethan20yearsagoinasmallcornerofNew Mexico, USA. Since then the area has developed dramatically, many researchers joining enthusiastically and research groups sprouting everywhere. This frenetic activity led to the emergence of several strands that are now established ?elds in themselves. We are now reaching a stage that one may describe as maturer: with more rigour, more benchmarks, more results, more stringent acceptance criteria, more applications, in brief, more sound science. This, which is the n- ural path of all new areas, comes at a price, however. A certain enthusiasm, a certain adventurousness from the early years is fading and may have been lost on the way. The ?eld has become more reasonable. To counterbalance this and to encourage lively discussions, a conceptual track, where papers were judged on criteria like importance and/or novelty of the concepts proposed rather than the experimental/theoretical results, has been introduced this year. A conference on a theme as broad as Arti?cial Life is bound to be very - verse,but a few tendencies emerged. First, ?elds like ‘Robotics and Autonomous Agents’ or ‘Evolutionary Computation’ are still extremely active and keep on bringing a wealth of results to the A-Life community. Even there, however, new tendencies appear, like collective robotics, and more speci?cally self-assembling robotics, which represent now a large subsection. Second, new areas appear.

In many ways, our immune systems are as complex as our brains. They learn, predict, remember and adapt, protecting us from the maelstrom of pathogens that infect us daily. Computer Science frequently takes inspiration from the seemingly endless capabilities of natural systems. It should therefore be no s- prise that, like the ?eld of Arti?cial Neural Networks inspired from brains, we now have a vigorous ?eld of research known as Arti?cial Immune Systems (AIS), inspired by our own immune systems. Although still relatively new, the previous 10 years has seen the paradigm of AIS rapidly establish itself as an important biological metaphor. Researchers all over the world fruitfully exploit “immunological ideas” in many di?erent ways to provide mechanisms for tackling a wide variety of applications. In this volume we present the proceedings of ICARIS 2003, the 2nd Int- national Conference on Arti?cial Immune Systems. This was the second int- national conference entirely dedicated to the ?eld, and followed the extremely successful ?rst conference held in Canterbury, UK in 2002. The number and - versityofpapersinthisyear’sconferenceisatributetotheever-growingnumber ofresearchersinthearea,andrepresentativeofthesolidfoundationofworkthat now exists in this area. The range of topics considered is wide. For example, at one end of the spectrum we see a selection of papers providing a necessary t- oretical grounding for the ?eld. At the other end, we have an exciting range of applications to real-world problems, covering, for example, job-shop scheduling and fault detection in refrigeration systems.

In many ways, our immune systems are as complex as our brains. They learn, predict, remember and adapt, protecting us from the maelstrom of pathogens that infect us daily. Computer Science frequently takes inspiration from the seemingly endless capabilities of natural systems. It should therefore be no s- prise that, like the ?eld of Arti?cial Neural Networks inspired from brains, we now have a vigorous ?eld of research known as Arti?cial Immune Systems (AIS), inspired by our own immune systems. Although still relatively new, the previous 10 years has seen the paradigm of AIS rapidly establish itself as an important biological metaphor. Researchers all over the world fruitfully exploit “immunological ideas” in many di?erent ways to provide mechanisms for tackling a wide variety of applications. In this volume we present the proceedings of ICARIS 2003, the 2nd Int- national Conference on Arti?cial Immune Systems. This was the second int- national conference entirely dedicated to the ?eld, and followed the extremely successful ?rst conference held in Canterbury, UK in 2002. The number and - versityofpapersinthisyear’sconferenceisatributetotheever-growingnumber ofresearchersinthearea,andrepresentativeofthesolidfoundationofworkthat now exists in this area. The range of topics considered is wide. For example, at one end of the spectrum we see a selection of papers providing a necessary t- oretical grounding for the ?eld. At the other end, we have an exciting range of applications to real-world problems, covering, for example, job-shop scheduling and fault detection in refrigeration systems.

Arti?cial immune systems (AIS) is a diverse and maturing area of research that bridges the disciplines of immunology and engineering. The scope of AIS ranges fromimmune-inspiredalgorithmsandengineeringsolutionsinsoftwareandha- ware, to the understanding of immunology through modeling and simulation of immune system concepts. AIS algorithms have been applied to a wide variety of applications, including computer security, fault tolerance, data mining and optimization. In addition, theoretical aspects of arti?cial and real immune s- tems have been the subject of mathematical and computational models and simulations. The 8th InternationalConference on AIS (ICARIS 2009)built on the success of previous years, providing a forum for a diverse group of AIS researchers to present and discuss their latest results and advances. After two years outside Europe, ICARIS 2009 returned to England, the venue for the ?rst ICARIS back in 2002. This year’s conference was located in the historic city of York, and was held in St. William’s College, the conference venue of York Minster, northern Europe’s largest Gothic cathedral.

Arti?cial immune systems (AIS) is a diverse and maturing area of research that bridges the disciplines of immunology and engineering. The scope of AIS ranges fromimmune-inspiredalgorithmsandengineeringsolutionsinsoftwareandha- ware, to the understanding of immunology through modeling and simulation of immune system concepts. AIS algorithms have been applied to a wide variety of applications, including computer security, fault tolerance, data mining and optimization. In addition, theoretical aspects of arti?cial and real immune s- tems have been the subject of mathematical and computational models and simulations. The 8th InternationalConference on AIS (ICARIS 2009)built on the success of previous years, providing a forum for a diverse group of AIS researchers to present and discuss their latest results and advances. After two years outside Europe, ICARIS 2009 returned to England, the venue for the ?rst ICARIS back in 2002. This year’s conference was located in the historic city of York, and was held in St. William’s College, the conference venue of York Minster, northern Europe’s largest Gothic cathedral.

Arti?cial immune systems (AIS) is a diverse and maturing area of research that bridges the disciplines of immunology and computation. The original research impetus in AIS had a clear focus on applying immunological principles to c- putationalproblemsinpracticaldomainssuchascomputersecurity,datamining and optimization. As the ?eld has matured, it has diversi?ed such that we now see a growing interest in formalizing the theoretical properties of earlier - proaches, elaborating underlying relationships between applied computational models and those from theoretical immunology, as well a return to the roots of the domain in which the methods of computer science are being applied to - munological modelling problems. Following the trends in the ?eld, the ICARIS conference intends to provide a forum for all these perspectives. The 9th InternationalConference on AIS (ICARIS 2010)built on the success of previous years, providing a convenient vantage point for broader re?ection as it returned to Edinburgh, the venue of the Second ICARIS in 2003. This time, the conference was hosted by Edinburgh Napier University at its Craiglockhart Campus, recently reopened after extensive refurbishment which has resulted in a stunning building and state-of-the-art facilities. The extent to which the ?eld has matured over the preceding years is clear; a substantial track of theor- ical research now underpins the discipline. The applied stream has expanded in its outlook, and has examples of AIS algorithms being applied across a wide spectrum of practicalproblems,rangingfrom sensornetworksto semi-conductor design.

st This volume contains the proceedings of two conferences held as part of the 21 IFIP World Computer Congress in Brisbane, Australia, 20–23 September 2010. th The first part of the book presents the proceedings of DIPES 2010, the 7 IFIP Conference on Distributed and Parallel Embedded Systems. The conference, int- duced in a separate preface by the Chairs, covers a range of topics from specification and design of embedded systems through to dependability and fault tolerance. rd The second part of the book contains the proceedings of BICC 2010, the 3 IFIP Conference on Biologically-Inspired Collaborative Computing. The conference is concerned with emerging techniques from research areas such as organic computing, autonomic computing and self-adaptive systems, where inspiraton for techniques - rives from exhibited behaviour in nature and biology. Such techniques require the use of research developed by the DIPES community in supporting collaboration over multiple systems. We hope that the combination of the two proceedings will add value for the reader and advance our related work.

st This volume contains the proceedings of two conferences held as part of the 21 IFIP World Computer Congress in Brisbane, Australia, 20–23 September 2010. th The first part of the book presents the proceedings of DIPES 2010, the 7 IFIP Conference on Distributed and Parallel Embedded Systems. The conference, int- duced in a separate preface by the Chairs, covers a range of topics from specification and design of embedded systems through to dependability and fault tolerance. rd The second part of the book contains the proceedings of BICC 2010, the 3 IFIP Conference on Biologically-Inspired Collaborative Computing. The conference is concerned with emerging techniques from research areas such as organic computing, autonomic computing and self-adaptive systems, where inspiraton for techniques - rives from exhibited behaviour in nature and biology. Such techniques require the use of research developed by the DIPES community in supporting collaboration over multiple systems. We hope that the combination of the two proceedings will add value for the reader and advance our related work.