Julian Nida-Rümelin - Böcker

This is an account of the central characteristics and problems of the orthodox notion of consequentialist economic rationality, showing how the formal core of classical decision theory can be defended against objections and incorporated into a coherentist notion of practical reason. The "orthodox" paradigm of economic rationality is shown to be defective in several respects. The author maintains that there are many situations in which an agent makes a decision which a theory of rationality should be able to reconstruct as rational, but in which a reconstruction in terms of the standard consequentialist interpretation of economic rationality seems to be inadequate. The core of the classical theory of economic rationality is coherentist and does not necessarily call for a consequentialist interpretation. Therefore, the formal coherence axioms are compatible with a theory of practical rationality which accounts for good reasons for actions which cannot be incorporated into the consequentialist account of economic rationality.

Human agency is constrained and structured by many kinds of rules: rules that are constitutive for communication, morality, persons, and society, and juridical rules. So the question is: what roles are played by social rules and the structural traits of human agency in rational decision making? What bearing does this have on the theory of practical rationality? These issues can only be discussed within an interdisciplinary setting, with researchers drawn from philosophy, decision theory and the economic and social sciences. The problem is of profound, fundamental concern to the social scientist and has attracted a great deal of intellectual effort.

This open access book deals with cultural and philosophical aspects of artificial intelligence (AI) and pleads for a “digital humanism”.

In this book, German philosopher Julian Nida-Rümelin presents a theory of practical reason that is objectivist, or rather realist, as an alternative to the widespread subjectivism in the theory of rationality.

In this book, German philosopher Julian Nida-Rümelin presents a theory of practical reason that is objectivist, or rather realist, as an alternative to the widespread subjectivism in the theory of rationality.

This open access textbook introduces and defines digital humanism from a diverse range of disciplines. Following the 2019 Vienna Manifesto, the book calls for a digital humanism that describes, analyzes, and, most importantly, influences the complex interplay of technology and humankind, for a better society and life, fully respecting universal human rights.The book is organized in three parts: Part I “Background” provides the multidisciplinary background needed to understand digital humanism in its philosophical, cultural, technological, historical, social, and economic dimensions. The goal is to present the necessary knowledge upon which an effective interdisciplinary discourse on digital humanism can be founded. Part II “Digital Humanism – a System’s View” focuses on an in-depth presentation and discussion of the main digital humanism concerns arising in current digital systems. The goal of this part is to make readers aware and sensitive to these issues, including e.g. thecontrol and autonomy of AI systems, privacy and security, and the role of governance. Part III “Critical and Societal Issues of Digital Systems” delves into critical societal issues raised by advances of digital technologies. While the public debate in the past has often focused on them separately, especially when they became visible through sensational events the aim here is to shed light on the entire landscape and show their interconnected relationships. This includes issues such as AI and ethics, fairness and bias, privacy and surveillance, platform power and democracy.This textbook is intended for students, teachers, and policy makers interested in digital humanism. It is designed for stand-alone and for complementary courses in computer science, or curricula in science, engineering, humanities and social sciences. Each chapter includes questions for students and an annotated reading list to dive deeper into the associated chapter material. The book aims to provide readers with as wide an exposure as possible to digital advances and their consequences for humanity. It includes constructive ideas and approaches that seek to ensure that our collective digital future is determined through human agency.

This open access textbook introduces and defines digital humanism from a diverse range of disciplines. Following the 2019 Vienna Manifesto, the book calls for a digital humanism that describes, analyzes, and, most importantly, influences the complex interplay of technology and humankind, for a better society and life, fully respecting universal human rights.The book is organized in three parts: Part I “Background” provides the multidisciplinary background needed to understand digital humanism in its philosophical, cultural, technological, historical, social, and economic dimensions. The goal is to present the necessary knowledge upon which an effective interdisciplinary discourse on digital humanism can be founded. Part II “Digital Humanism – a System’s View” focuses on an in-depth presentation and discussion of the main digital humanism concerns arising in current digital systems. The goal of this part is to make readers aware and sensitive to these issues, including e.g. thecontrol and autonomy of AI systems, privacy and security, and the role of governance. Part III “Critical and Societal Issues of Digital Systems” delves into critical societal issues raised by advances of digital technologies. While the public debate in the past has often focused on them separately, especially when they became visible through sensational events the aim here is to shed light on the entire landscape and show their interconnected relationships. This includes issues such as AI and ethics, fairness and bias, privacy and surveillance, platform power and democracy.This textbook is intended for students, teachers, and policy makers interested in digital humanism. It is designed for stand-alone and for complementary courses in computer science, or curricula in science, engineering, humanities and social sciences. Each chapter includes questions for students and an annotated reading list to dive deeper into the associated chapter material. The book aims to provide readers with as wide an exposure as possible to digital advances and their consequences for humanity. It includes constructive ideas and approaches that seek to ensure that our collective digital future is determined through human agency.

A reader containing 22 texts of some main philosophers of the 17th century to the 20th century, in German and English.

This volume presents the proceedings of an international conference of the "Society of Analytical Philosophy", Munich 1997. Papers selected contribute to the development of the discipline and also address topics of general interest.

Bewusstsein hat jeder, der denkt oder spricht - aber niemand vermag genau zu sagen, was es ist. Das Phänomen Bewusstsein ist daher ein ständiges Rätsel, dem sich verschiedene wissenschaftliche Disziplinen zuwenden. Im Band untersuchen Geistes-, Sozial- und Naturwissenschaftler die Funktionen des Bewusstseins. Dabei werden u.a. empirische Erhebungen aus Psychiatrie und Psychologie, handlungs- und sprachanalytischer Untersuchungen aus Linguistik und Philosophie sowie historische Perspektiven miteinander in Beziehung gesetzt. Renommierte Beiträger Umfangreiche systematische Einführung

Die Frage des Menschen nach sich selbst beschäftigt Menschen zu allen Zeiten und an allen Orten, so auch in der Gegenwart. Die hier versammelten Wissenschaftler, Politiker, Theologen, Journalisten und Schriftsteller aus verschiedenen kulturellen Traditionen geben in über fünfzig prägnanten Beiträgen ihre persönliche Antwort auf die aufgeworfene Frage. Was ist davon zu erwarten? Sicherlich keine abschließende Lösung der Frage. Doch ist ein schillerndes Spektrum aktueller Positionen zum menschlichen Selbstverständnis entstanden – zugleich kritisch und konstruktiv, pointiert und tiefgründig.Eingeleitet und kommentiert wird die Sammlung mit Beiträgen von Volker Gerhardt, Julian Nida-Rümelin, Detlev Ganten und Jan-Christoph Heilinger.

Normen beeinflussen die Interaktion von Menschen miteinander und den Umgang von Menschen mit ihrer Umwelt. Was aber ist Normativität? Muss sie unabhängig von Menschen sein, um objektiv sein zu können? Oder entsteht sie erst in Abhängigkeit von Menschen, die sie formulieren oder nach ihr handeln, und ist deshalb nicht objektiv? Oder ist dieser Gegensatz grundsätzlich verfehlt und es bedarf eines anderen Ansatzes, um die Rolle von Normativität in der lebensweltlichen Verständigungspraxis angemessen zu bestimmen? Die Beiträge in vorliegendem Band widmen sich diesem Problemkomplex unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Bereiche Moral und Wissenschaft.

Normen beeinflussen die Interaktion von Menschen miteinander und den Umgang von Menschen mit ihrer Umwelt. Was aber ist Normativität? Muss sie unabhängig von Menschen sein, um objektiv sein zu können? Oder entsteht sie erst in Abhängigkeit von Menschen, die sie formulieren oder nach ihr handeln, und ist deshalb nicht objektiv? Oder ist dieser Gegensatz grundsätzlich verfehlt und es bedarf eines anderen Ansatzes, um die Rolle von Normativität in der lebensweltlichen Verständigungspraxis angemessen zu bestimmen? Die Beiträge in vorliegendem Band widmen sich diesem Problemkomplex unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Bereiche Moral und Wissenschaft.

„In diesem Buch stelle ich eine Theorie praktischer Vernunft vor. Die Einbettbarkeit einer Handlung in eine umfassendere Praxis, im weitesten Sinne in eine Lebensform, spielt dabei eine zentrale Rolle" (aus dem Vorwort). Nida-Rümelin entwickelt eine Alternative zu den rational choice – Ansätzen in der Ökonomie und in den Sozialwissenschaften, aber auch zum postmodernen Konstruktivismus in den Geistes- und Kulturwissenschaften. Das Buch führt die unterschiedlichen Stränge der philosophischen Arbeit von Julian Nida-Rümelin zusammen: rationalitätstheoretische, erkenntnistheoretische und metaphysische. Im Zentrum steht dabei ein spezifischer Ansatz praktischer Vernunft, den der Verfasser als „strukturelle Rationalität" charakterisiert. Dieser Ansatz wird in den größeren Zusammenhang eines von Dewey und Wittgenstein, aber auch von Aristoteles und der Stoa inspirierten Philosophierens gestellt. Mit diesem Band erscheint die erste monographische Gesamtdarstellung von Julian Nida-Rümelins praktischer Philosophie, von der bislang nur Einzelaspekte publiziert worden sind.

Die Globalisierung in ökonomischer und politischer sowie in kultureller und sozialer Hinsicht rückt das Thema internationale Gerechtigkeit immer stärker in den Fokus. Letztlich geht es um die Frage moralischen Handelns auf globaler Ebene, um eine globale Praxis, die prinzipiell für alle gerecht ist.Ausgangspunkt der Debatte ist dabei die Frage nach der Verallgemeinerbarkeit grundlegender Prinzipien sozialer Gerechtigkeit, die zumindest innerhalb demokratischer Nationalstaaten gelten: Inwieweit kann der Anwendungsbereich innerstaatlicher Prinzipien sozialer Gerechtigkeit global ausgedehnt werden? Bestehen auf globaler Ebene andere, gegebenenfalls schwächere Beziehungen moralischer Verantwortung, die entsprechend andere Prinzipien globaler sozialer Gerechtigkeit fordern?

In this book, the author shows that it is necessary to enrich the conceptual frame of the theory of rational choice beyond consequentialism. He argues that consequentialism as a general theory of rational action fails and that this does not force us into the dichotomy teleology vs deontology. The unity of practical reason can be saved without consequentialism. In the process, he presents insightful criticism of standard models of action and rational choice. This will help readers discover a new perspective on the theory of rationality.The approach is radical: It transcends the reductive narrowness of instrumental rationality without denying its practical impact. Actions do exist that are outlined in accordance to utility maximizing or even self-interest maximizing. Yet, not all actions are to be understood in these terms. Actions oriented around social roles, for example, cannot count as irrational only because there is no known underlying maximizing heuristic.The concept of bounded rationality tries to embed instrumental rationality into a form of life to highlight limits of our cognitive capabilities and selective perceptions. However, the agent is still left within the realm of cost-benefit-reasoning. The idea of social preferences or meta-preferences cannot encompass the plurality of human actions. According to the author they ignore the plurality of reasons that drive agency. Hence, they coerce agency in fitting into a theory that undermines humanity. His theory of structural rationality acknowledges lifeworld patterns of interaction and meaning.