Jun Wang – författare
Visar alla böcker från författaren Jun Wang. Handla med fri frakt och snabb leverans.
59 produkter
59 produkter
1 159 kr
Skickas inom 7-10 vardagar
Remote Sensing of Aerosols, Clouds, and Precipitation compiles recent advances in aerosol, cloud, and precipitation remote sensing from new satellite observations. The book examines a wide range of measurements from microwave (both active and passive), visible, and infrared portions of the spectrum. Contributors are experts conducting state-of-the-art research in atmospheric remote sensing using space, airborne, and ground-based datasets, focusing on supporting earth observation satellite missions for aerosol, cloud, and precipitation studies. A handy reference for scientists working in remote sensing, earth science, electromagnetics, climate physics, and space engineering. Valuable for operational forecasters, meteorologists, geospatial experts, modelers, and policymakers alike.
Presents new approaches in the field, along with further research opportunities, based on the latest satellite data Focuses on how remote sensing systems can be designed/developed to solve outstanding problems in earth and atmospheric sciences Edited by a dynamic team of editors with a mixture of highly skilled and qualified authors offering world-leading expertise in the field
Nuclear Power Plant Design and Analysis Codes
Development, Validation, and Application
Häftad, Engelska, 2020
2 251 kr
Skickas inom 7-10 vardagar
Nuclear Power Plant Design and Analysis Codes: Development, Validation, and Application presents the latest research on the most widely used nuclear codes and the wealth of successful accomplishments which have been achieved over the past decades by experts in the field. Editors Wang, Li,Allison, and Hohorst and their team of authors provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of nuclear code development and how to apply it to their work and research to make their energy production more flexible, economical, reliable and safe.Written in an accessible and practical way, each chapter considers strengths and limitations, data availability needs, verification and validation methodologies and quality assurance guidelines to develop thorough and robust models and simulation tools both inside and outside a nuclear setting. This book benefits those working in nuclear reactor physics and thermal-hydraulics, as well as those involved in nuclear reactor licensing. It also provides early career researchers with a solid understanding of fundamental knowledge of mainstream nuclear modelling codes, as well as the more experienced engineers seeking advanced information on the best solutions to suit their needs. Captures important research conducted over last few decades by experts and allows new researchers and professionals to learn from the work of their predecessors Presents the most recent updates and developments, including the capabilities, limitations, and future development needs of all codes Incudes applications for each code to ensure readers have complete knowledge to apply to their own setting
1 681 kr
Skickas inom 7-10 vardagar
Nuclear Power Reactor Designs: From History to Advances analyzes nuclear designs throughout history and explains how each of those has helped to shape and inform the nuclear reactor designs of today and the future. Focused on the structure, systems and relevant components of each reactor design, this book provides the readers with answers to key questions to help them understand the benefits of each design. Each reactor design is introduced, their origin defined, and the relevant research presented before an analysis of its successes, what was learned, and how research and technology advanced as a result are presented.
Students, researchers and early career engineers will gain a solid understanding of how nuclear designs have evolved, and how they will continue to develop in the future.
Presents reactor designs through history to present day, focusing on key structures, systems and components Provides readers with quick answers about various design principles and rationales Includes new approaches such as the micro-reactor and small-modular reactors
Del 100 - Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry
Airborne Microplastics: Analysis, Fate and Human Health Effects
Inbunden, Engelska, 2023
3 164 kr
Skickas inom 7-10 vardagar
Airborne Microplastics: Analysis, Fate and Human Health Effects, Volume 105 in the Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry series Updated release includes the latest information on Airborne Microplastics: Analysis, Fate and Human Health Effects
Resource Evaluation and Deep Processing of Edible Insects
Silk peptide and protein for advanced applications
Häftad, Engelska, 2026
1 948 kr
Skickas inom 11-20 vardagar
Resource Evaluation and Deep Processing of Edible Insects: Silk peptide and protein for advanced applications presents the latest progress in the processing, analysis, and application of edible insect resources, mainly focusing on the resource evaluation and deep processing methods to retrieve valuable products from the constituents of the by-products of edible insects. The book combines discursive chapters that bring the latest in resource evaluation, with discussions on novel extraction techniques, biological approaches, microbial transformations, green chemistry and microfluidic technologies. It also covers analytical and biological systems, step-by-step and readily reproducible biological and chemical protocols for analyzing edible insect resources.Edible insect resources as raw materials for the food industry for sustainability are also outlined in this book. These techniques support the latest progress in cross-disciplinary research that integrates the different scales of biotechnological and biological complexity. Edited by a team of experts in the field, this book is an excellent resource for researchers with a background in biotechnology, biological and chemical engineering, agriculture, and food chemistry, and covers a broad range of topics in agriculture sustainability and food production.Presents processing, extraction, and biotransformation of insect nutrientsBrings analysis and application of edible insect resourcesExplores deep processing methods employed to retrieve valuable products from the constituents of the by-products of edible insectsCovers edible insect resources as raw materials for the food industry
Assessing Oral Strategic Competence of Young Language Learners
An Integrative Perspective
Inbunden, Engelska, 2024
1 934 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book presents an empirical study that develops and validates a learning-oriented self-assessment instrument for assessing the strategic competence (SC) of young language learners in oral communication, specifically within the context of early English education in China.The instrument’s development followed a multi-phased research design, encompassing three interconnected stages: conceptualisation, operationalisation and validation. Each phase employed distinct methods, data collection techniques and analyses tailored to specific research objectives. By adopting an integrative approach, this book clarifies the crucial yet elusive concept of SC. It not only contributes to the field of language assessment but also underscores the importance of explicit SC instruction in language education for young learners.Focusing on real-world classroom scenarios and offering practical solutions for integrating SC instruction into current teaching paradigms, this book will appeal to educators, researchers and policymakers interested in language testing and assessment, foreign language education and applied linguistics.
Assessing Oral Strategic Competence of Young Language Learners
An Integrative Perspective
Häftad, Engelska, 2026
642 kr
Kommande
This book presents an empirical study that develops and validates a learning-oriented self-assessment instrument for assessing the strategic competence (SC) of young language learners in oral communication, specifically within the context of early English education in China.The instrument’s development followed a multi-phased research design, encompassing three interconnected stages: conceptualisation, operationalisation and validation. Each phase employed distinct methods, data collection techniques and analyses tailored to specific research objectives. By adopting an integrative approach, this book clarifies the crucial yet elusive concept of SC. It not only contributes to the field of language assessment but also underscores the importance of explicit SC instruction in language education for young learners.Focusing on real-world classroom scenarios and offering practical solutions for integrating SC instruction into current teaching paradigms, this book will appeal to educators, researchers and policymakers interested in language testing and assessment, foreign language education and applied linguistics.
1 427 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
This book covers channel coding and modulation technologies in DTTB systems from the general concepts to the detailed analysis and implementation. Covers the Chinese DTTB standard which was announced recently and hasn’t been covered in detailIntroduces the SFN network using the successful implementation of DTMB in Hong Kong as an exampleIntroduces the latest announced systems including the ATSC M/H and DVB-NGH
1 627 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
An up-to-date and accurate discussion of spiking neural P systems in time series analysis In Spiking Neural P Systems for Time Series Analysis, the authors explore the fundamentals and the current states of both spiking neural P systems and time series analysis and examine the application models of time series analysis. You’ll also find walkthroughs of recurrent-like, echo-like, and reservoir computing models for time series prediction. The book covers applications in time series analysis such as financial time series analysis, power load forecasting, photovoltaic power forecasting, and medical signal processing, and contains illustrative photographs and tables designed to improve reader understanding. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to the theoretical and application research relevant to membrane computing and spiking P neural systemsComprehensive explorations of a variety of recurrent-like models for time series forecasting, including LSTM-SNP and GSNP modelsPractical discussions of common problems in reservoir computing models, including classification problemsComplete evaluations of models used in financial time series analysis, power load forecasting, and other techniquesPerfect for scientists, researchers, postgraduates, lecturers, and teachers, Spiking Neural P Systems for Time Series Analysis will also benefit undergraduate students interested in advanced techniques for time series analysis.
1 069 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Low-cost Nanomaterials
1 067 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book will cover the most recent progress on the use of low-cost nanomaterials and development of low-cost/large scale processing techniques for greener and more efficient energy related applications, including but not limited to solar cells, energy storage, fuel cells, hydrogen generation, biofuels, etc.Leading researchers will be invited to author chapters in the field with their expertise. Each chapter will provide general introduction to a specific topic, current status of research and development, research challenges and outlook for future direction of research.This book aims to benefit a broad readership, from undergraduate/graduate students to researchers working on renewable energy.
445 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Big data and human-computer information retrieval (HCIR) are changing IR. In this book we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction toDynamic Information Retrieval Modeling, the statistical modeling of IR systems that can adapt to change.
1 423 kr
Skickas inom 5-8 vardagar
·
Optimization and Control for Systems in the Big-Data Era
Theory and Applications
Inbunden, Engelska, 2017
1 600 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book focuses on optimal control and systems engineering in the big data era. Part I offers reviews on optimization and control theories, and Part II examines the optimization and control applications.
Optimization and Control for Systems in the Big-Data Era
Theory and Applications
Häftad, Engelska, 2018
1 175 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book focuses on optimal control and systems engineering in the big data era. Part I offers reviews on optimization and control theories, and Part II examines the optimization and control applications.
Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004
International Symposium on Neural Networks, Dalian, China, August 19-21, 2004, Proceedings, Part I
Häftad, Engelska, 2004
1 648 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The two volume set LNCS 3173/3174 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2004, held in Dalian, China in August 2004.The 329 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 800 submissions. The papers span the entire scope of neural computing and its applications; they are organized in 11 major topical parts on theoretical analysis; learning and optimization; support vector machines; blind source separation, independent component analysis, and principal component analysis; clustering and classification; robotics and control; telecommunications; signal image, and time series analysis; biomedical applications; detection, diagnosis, and computer security; and other applications.
Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2004
International Symposium on Neural Networks, Dalian, China, August 19-21, 2004, Proceedings, Part II
Häftad, Engelska, 2004
1 101 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The two volume set LNCS 3173/3174 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2004, held in Dalian, China in August 2004.The 329 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 800 submissions. The papers span the entire scope of neural computing and its applications; they are organized in 11 major topical parts on theoretical analysis; learning and optimization; support vector machines; blind source separation, independent component analysis, and principal component analysis; clustering and classification; robotics and control; telecommunications; signal image, and time series analysis; biomedical applications; detection, diagnosis, and computer security; and other applications.
Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2005
Second International Symposium on Neural Networks, Chongqing, China, May 30 - June 1, 2005, Proceedings, Part I
Häftad, Engelska, 2005
1 101 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The three volume set LNCS 3496/3497/3498 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2005, held in Chongqing, China in May/June 2005.The 483 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1.425 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on theoretical analysis, model design, learning methods, optimization methods, kernel methods, component analysis, pattern analysis, systems modeling, signal processing, image processing, financial analysis, control systems, robotic systems, telecommunication networks, incidence detection, fault diagnosis, power systems, biomedical applications, industrial applications, and other applications.
Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2005
Second International Symposium on Neural Networks, Chongqing, China, May 30 - June 1, 2005, Proceedings, Part II
Häftad, Engelska, 2005
1 101 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book and its sister volumes constitute the proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Neural Networks (ISNN 2005). ISNN 2005 was held in the beautiful mountain city Chongqing by the upper Yangtze River in southwestern China during May 30–June 1, 2005, as a sequel of ISNN 2004 successfully held in Dalian, China. ISNN emerged as a leading conference on neural computation in the region with - creasing global recognition and impact. ISNN 2005 received 1425 submissions from authors on ?ve continents (Asia, Europe, North America, South America, and Oc- nia), 33 countries and regions (Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, India, Nepal, Iran, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Austria, Switzerland, Germany, France, Sweden, Norway, Spain, Portugal, UK, USA, Canada, Venezuela, Brazil, Chile, Australia, and New Zealand). Based on rigorous reviews, 483 high-quality papers were selected by the Program Committee for presentation at ISNN 2005 and publication in the proce- ings, with an acceptance rate of less than 34%. In addition to the numerous contributed papers, 10 distinguished scholars were invited to give plenary speeches and tutorials at ISNN 2005.
Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2005
Second International Symposium on Neural Networks, Chongqing, China, May 30 - June 1, 2005, Proceedings, Part III
Häftad, Engelska, 2005
1 101 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The three volume set LNCS 3496/3497/3498 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2005, held in Chongqing, China in May/June 2005.The 483 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1.425 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on theoretical analysis, model design, learning methods, optimization methods, kernel methods, component analysis, pattern analysis, systems modeling, signal processing, image processing, financial analysis, control systems, robotic systems, telecommunication networks, incidence detection, fault diagnosis, power systems, biomedical applications, industrial applications, and other applications.
1 298 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book and its sister volumes constitute the Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Neural Networks (ISNN 2006) held in Chengdu in southwestern China during May 28–31, 2006. After a successful ISNN 2004 in Dalian and ISNN 2005 in Chongqing, ISNN became a well-established series of conferences on neural computation in the region with growing popularity and improving quality. ISNN 2006 received 2472 submissions from authors in 43 countries and regions (mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, India, Pakistan, Iran, Qatar, Turkey, Greece, Romania, Lithuania, Slovakia, Poland, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Demark, Germany, France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Netherlands, UK, Ireland, Canada, USA, Mexico, Cuba, Venezuela, Brazil, Chile, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Nigeria, and Tunisia) across six continents (Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Africa, and Oceania). Based on rigorous reviews, 616 high-quality papers were selected for publication in the proceedings with the acceptance rate being less than 25%. The papers are organized in 27 cohesive sections covering all major topics of neural network research and development. In addition to the numerous contributed papers, ten distinguished scholars gave plenary speeches (Robert J. Marks II, Erkki Oja, Marios M. Polycarpou, Donald C. Wunsch II, Zongben Xu, and Bo Zhang) and tutorials (Walter J. Freeman, Derong Liu, Paul J. Werbos, and Jacek M. Zurada).
1 298 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book and its sister volumes constitute the Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Neural Networks (ISNN 2006) held in Chengdu in southwestern China during May 28–31, 2006. After a successful ISNN 2004 in Dalian and ISNN 2005 in Chongqing, ISNN became a well-established series of conferences on neural computation in the region with growing popularity and improving quality. ISNN 2006 received 2472 submissions from authors in 43 countries and regions (mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, India, Pakistan, Iran, Qatar, Turkey, Greece, Romania, Lithuania, Slovakia, Poland, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Demark, Germany, France, Spain, Portugal, Belgium, Netherlands, UK, Ireland, Canada, USA, Mexico, Cuba, Venezuela, Brazil, Chile, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Nigeria, and Tunisia) across six continents (Asia, Europe, North America, South America, Africa, and Oceania). Based on rigorous reviews, 616 high-quality papers were selected for publication in the proceedings with the acceptance rate being less than 25%. The papers are organized in 27 cohesive sections covering all major topics of neural network research and development. In addition to the numerous contributed papers, ten distinguished scholars gave plenary speeches (Robert J. Marks II, Erkki Oja, Marios M. Polycarpou, Donald C. Wunsch II, Zongben Xu, and Bo Zhang) and tutorials (Walter J. Freeman, Derong Liu, Paul J. Werbos, and Jacek M. Zurada).
Neural Information Processing
13th International Conference, ICONIP 2006, Hong Kong, China, October 3-6, 2006, Proceedings, Part I
Häftad, Engelska, 2006
1 319 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The three volume set LNCS 4232, LNCS 4233, and LNCS 4234 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, ICONIP 2006, held in Hong Kong, China in October 2006. The 386 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1175 submissions.
Neural Information Processing
13th International Conference, ICONIP 2006, Hong Kong, China, October 3-6, 2006, Proceedings, Part II
Häftad, Engelska, 2006
1 352 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The three volume set LNCS 4232, LNCS 4233, and LNCS 4234 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, ICONIP 2006, held in Hong Kong, China in October 2006. The 386 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1175 submissions. The 126 papers of the first volume are organized in topical sections on neurobiological modeling and analysis, cognitive processing, mathematical modeling and analysis, learning algorithms, support vector machines, self-organizing maps, as well as independent component analysis and blind source separation. The second volume contains 128 contributions related to pattern classification, face analysis and processing, image processing, signal processing, computer vision, data pre-processing, forecasting and prediction, as well as neurodynamic and particle swarm optimization. The third volume offers 131 papers that deal with bioinformatics and biomedical applications, information security, data and text processing, financial applications, manufacturing systems, control and robotics, evolutionary algorithms and systems, fuzzy systems, and hardware implementations.
Neural Information Processing
13th International Conference, ICONIP 2006, Hong Kong, China, October 3-6, 2006, Proceedings, Part III
Häftad, Engelska, 2006
1 396 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The three volume set LNCS 4232, LNCS 4233, and LNCS 4234 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Neural Information Processing, ICONIP 2006, held in Hong Kong, China in October 2006. The 386 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 1175 submissions. The 126 papers of the first volume are organized in topical sections on neurobiological modeling and analysis, cognitive processing, mathematical modeling and analysis, learning algorithms, support vector machines, self-organizing maps, as well as independent component analysis and blind source separation. The second volume contains 128 contributions related to pattern classification, face analysis and processing, image processing, signal processing, computer vision, data pre-processing, forecasting and prediction, as well as neurodynamic and particle swarm optimization. The third volume offers 131 papers that deal with bioinformatics and biomedical applications, information security, data and text processing, financial applications, manufacturing systems, control and robotics, evolutionary algorithms and systems, fuzzy systems, and hardware implementations.
Computational Intelligence: Research Frontiers
IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, WCCI 2008, Hong Kong, China, June 1-6, 2008, Plenary/Invited Lectures
Häftad, Engelska, 2008
554 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The 2008 IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI 2008), held during June 1–6, 2008 in Hong Kong, China, marked an important milestone in advancing the paradigms of the new fields of computational intelligence. As the fifth event in the series that has spanned the globe (Orlando-1994, Anchorage-1998, Honolulu-2002, Vancouver-2006), the congress offered renewed and refreshing focus on the progress in nature-inspired and linguistically motivated computation. Most of the congress’s program featured regular and special technical sessions that provided participants with new insights into the most recent developments in the field. As a tradition, in addition to the parallel technical sessions, WCCI holds a series of plenary and invited lectures which are not included in the congress proceedings. As its predecessors, at WCCI 2008, 20 expert speakers shared their expertise on broader, if not panoramic, topics spanning a diverse spectrum of computational intelligence in the areas of neurocomputing, fuzzy systems, evolutionary computation, and adjacent areas. Thanks to their time and expertise, we endeavored to offer this volume to attendees directly at the congress and the general public afterwards.
Soft Computing in Industrial Applications
Algorithms, Integration, and Success Stories
Häftad, Engelska, 2010
2 131 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The 14th onlineWorld Conference on Soft Computing in Industrial Applications provides a unique opportunity for soft computing researchers and practitioners to publish high quality papers and discuss research issues in detail without incurring a huge cost. The conference has established itself as a truly global event on the Internet. The quality of the conference has improved over the years. The WSC14 conference has covered new trends in soft computing to state of the art applications. The conference has also added new features such as community tools, syndication, and multimedia online presentations.
Del 67 - Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering
Advances in Neural Network Research and Applications
Inbunden, Engelska, 2010
2 131 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
This book is a part of the Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Neural Networks (ISNN 2010), held on June 6-9, 2010 in Shanghai, China. Over the past few years, ISNN has matured into a well-established premier international symposium on neural networks and related fields, with a successful sequence of ISNN series in Dalian (2004), Chongqing (2005), Chengdu (2006), Nanjing (2007), Beijing (2008), and Wuhan (2009). Following the tradition of ISNN series, ISNN 2010 provided a high-level international forum for scientists, engineers, and educators to present the state-of-the-art research in neural networks and related fields, and also discuss the major opportunities and challenges of future neural network research. Over the past decades, the neural network community has witnessed significant breakthroughs and developments from all aspects of neural network research, including theoretical foundations, architectures, and network organizations, modeling and simulation, empirical studies, as well as a wide range of applications across different domains. The recent developments of science and technology, including neuroscience, computer science, cognitive science, nano-technologies and engineering design, among others, has provided significant new understandings and technological solutions to move the neural network research toward the development of complex, large scale, and networked brain-like intelligent systems. This long-term goals can only be achieved with the continuous efforts from the community to seriously investigate various issues on neural networks and related topics.
Advances in Neural Networks – ISNN 2012
9th International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2012, Shenyang, China, July 11-14, 2012. Proceedings, Part I
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
554 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The two-volume set LNCS 7367 and 7368 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2012, held in Shenyang, China, in July 2012. The 147 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The contributions are structured in topical sections on mathematical modeling; neurodynamics; cognitive neuroscience; learning algorithms; optimization; pattern recognition; vision; image processing; information processing; neurocontrol; and novel applications.
Advances in Neural Networks – ISNN 2012
9th International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2012, Shenyang, China, July 11-14, 2012. Proceedings, Part II
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
554 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The two-volume set LNCS 7367 and 7368 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2012, held in Shenyang, China, in July 2012. The 147 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The contributions are structured in topical sections on mathematical modeling; neurodynamics; cognitive neuroscience; learning algorithms; optimization; pattern recognition; vision; image processing; information processing; neurocontrol; and novel applications.