K. Lennert – författare

,,1m Kleinsten die wirkliche Wahrheit gibt graBen Gedanken erst Klarheit" KARL THOMAS Each year sees the publication of hundreds of reports of experimental work on the lymphatic tissue, yet morphological studies of the cells involved can be counted on the fingers of one hand. Furthermore, anyone who tries to identify these cells by morphological criteria is accused of sophistry and hair­ splitting, whereas it is accounted scientifically correct and unbiased to speak of "lymphoid cells", "blast cells" etc. Not so many years ago things were different: there were too many names and too many classifi­ cations and everyone backed his particular fancy. People thought of cells in terms of rigid classes, nothing then being known about the transformability of mononuclear blood cells. Today we must look for the middle way: cells should be named and defined according to morpho­ logical criteria but their transformation potential should be borne in mind. Once the cells are analysed and subdivided, it will be simple enough to set up proper classifications afterwards. This book arose out of the conviction that there should be more criteria and more information available on the morphology of human lymphoreticular cells; previously such information had been restricted by the difficulty of the special hematological and cytochemical staining methods.

Gerne nennt man auch heute noch die Milz ein "organon plenum mysterii" (GALEN). Man gibt damit zu, daB die naturwissenschaftliche Durchdringung des Phanomens Milz noch sehr unvollkommen ist. M ysterien lassen allzu leicht M ythen aufsprieBen, die sich bei Gutglaubigen bisweilen als Spiegel der Wirklichkeit aus- nehmen und zu handfesten Theorien verdichten. Hier tut dann eine unerbittliche Entmythologisierung not. Das vorgelegte Werk hat solche Hintergedanken: Es will den Schleier des Ge- heimnisses, welches das Organ Milz umwittert, luften. Es will auBerdem liebge- wordene Theorien und geniale Impressionen groBer Kliniker mit naturwissenschaft- lichen, insbesondere morphologischen und physikalischen Methoden auf ihre Trag- fiihigkeit prufen. In diesem Bemuhen haben sich Fachkenner aus allen Gebieten der Medizin und aus zahlreichen Landern zusammengefunden, urn - im Rahmen des 14. Deutschen Hamatologenkongresses yom 11.-13. 9. 1969 in Kiel- die Aspekte ihrer speziellen Arbeitsrichtung mit den Bemuhungen anderer Disziplinen zu konfrontieren. Dieser Dialog ist in den folgenden Seiten festgehalten. Er wurde freilich an manchen Stellen erweitert, an anderen Stellen gestrafft.Auch wurden kleine Beitrage, die aus auBeren Grunden wahrend der Tagung nicht vorgetragen werden konnten, eingefugt. So entstand eine aktuelle synoptische Darstellung der Milz und ihrer Erkrankungen. Den Herren Referenten schulden die Unterzeichner groBen Dank fur die un- eigennutzige Obernahme ihrer Aufgabe und deren brilliante L6sungen, eben so danken sie allen Vortragenden und Teilnehmern fur zahlreiche Bereicherungen und Anregungen. Besonderer Dank gebuhrt unseren skandinavischen, speziell unseren norwegischen Freunden mit Prof. Dr. H. HJORT an der Spitze, fur ihre Bereitschaft zu dies em gemeinschaftlichen Unternehmen.

The patriarch of experimental pancreas research is REIGNIER DE GRAAF (1641-1673). He carried out the first experiments with dogs in order to ob­ tain fistular secretion (1664). But only few years later, the just arisen interest in the physiology of the pancreas was severely set back by remarks of CONRAD BRUNNER. In 1682, BRUNNER expressed his belief that on the basis of experi­ ments he had carried out the pancreas was a vitally unimportant organ. He overlooked that after ligation of the main duct (discovered in the turkey by HOFMAN in 1641 and in a human cadaver by WIRSUNG in 1642), in the dog an accessory duct (described by SANTORINI in 1724) usually maintains an adequate flow of secretion. EBERLE in his monograph (1834) confirmed the emulsifying capacity of the pancreatic juice which had already been suggested by SYLVIUS (FRAN­ CISCUS DE LE BOE, 1614-1672) and he dealt with the essential enzymatic functions of the pancreatic juice such as amylolysis, lipolysis and proteolysis. Since HEIDENHAIN (1875), we know that for example trypsin (largely isolated by KUHNE in 1867) is situated in the acinar epithelial cells as zymogen in inactive form; it is thought that the action of "acid" on the glandular tissue is needed for inducing the "enzymatic activity". According to what we know now about the central role of acidosis in the activation of zymogen this topic is, of course, of topical interest.

(Based on the WHO Classification)

Kurz nach Erscheinen unseres Handbuchs iiber die Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome wurden Stimmen laut, die nach einem klein en handlichen AbriB der Lymphom- diagnostik riefen. Auch die Mitglieder des Europiiischen Lymphom-Clubs (1. DIEBOLD, Paris, R. GERARD-MARCHANT, Villejuif, Y. KAPANCI, Genf, G. KE- LENYI, Pecs, H. NOEL, Briissel, F. RILKE, Mailand, A.G. STANSFELD, London, und J.A.M. VAN UNNIK, Utrecht) bestiirkten mich darin, einen solchen Ratgeber fUr den diagnostischen Alltag zu schreiben. Ja sie identifizierten sich mit diesem Plan und stell ten sich fUr die Obersetzung in mehrere Sprachen zur VerfUgung. So habe ich J. DIEBOLD, R. GERARD-MARCHANT, F. RILKE und A.G. STANSFELD fUr die prompte Obertragung ins Franzosische, Italienische und Englische zu danken. F. RILKE iibernahm die Initiative, einen Beitrag zur "Working Formula- tion for Clinical Usage" zu verfassen. Obersetzungen in weitere Fremdsprachen wurden von ehemaligen Mitarbeitern und befreundeten Kollegen bereitwillig durchgefUhrt, so von A. LLOMBART BOSCH ins Spanische, von IRENE LORAND und J.M. MACHADO ins Portugiesische und von N. MOHRI ins Japanische.Das Erscheinen in verschiedenen Sprachen einschlief3lich meiner Muttersprache sollte den Gebrauch des Abrisses im Alltag we iter erleichtern.

The 1st Edition of Histopathology of Non-Hodgkin''s Lymphomas, written in col­ laboration with Professor H. STEIN and published in 1981, was received well and is now out of print. In the meantime, there has been an explosion of data that not only have made the definitions of various entities more precise but, above all, have confirmed the main entities originally delineated in the Kiel classification. The development of monoclonal antibodies and molecular cytogenetics has also made it possible to identify T-cell lymphomas more accurately. For example, many of the malignant lymphomas that were previously considered to be unclas­ sifiable can now be included in a classification scheme that places the T-cell lymphomas alongside of the list of B-cell lymphomas. In 1988 the European Lymphoma Club published an "updated Kiel classification" (STANSFELD et al. 1988) based on this new knowledge. It includes a number of previously undefined types of T-cell lymphoma. Studies done in Japan (T. SUCH! et al.) and China (L. Y Tu) have contributed to the understanding of these lymphoma types.

The 1st Edition of Histopathology of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas, written in col­ laboration with Professor H. STEIN and published in 1981, was received well and is now out of print. In the meantime, there has been an explosion of data that not only have made the definitions of various entities more precise but, above all, have confirmed the main entities originally delineated in the Kiel classification. The development of monoclonal antibodies and molecular cytogenetics has also made it possible to identify T-cell lymphomas more accurately. For example, many of the malignant lymphomas that were previously considered to be unclas­ sifiable can now be included in a classification scheme that places the T-cell lymphomas alongside of the list of B-cell lymphomas. In 1988 the European Lymphoma Club published an "updated Kiel classification" (STANSFELD et al. 1988) based on this new knowledge. It includes a number of previously undefined types of T-cell lymphoma. Studies done in Japan (T. SUCH! et al.) and China (L. Y Tu) have contributed to the understanding of these lymphoma types.