The World Health Organisation published 'Cancer Pain Relief' in 1990, advocating simplicity in the choice of analgesic and of route of administration. Since that time an increasing number of opioids for moderate to severe pain in an increasing number of formulations have become available, making professionals' choices about cancer pain management more complex.Part of the Oxford Pain Management Library, this book compares and reviews the current opioids for moderate to severe pain and considers their place in the management of cancer pain, using morphine as the accepted 'gold standard' worldwide. The first sections of the book deal with the principles of pain management in cancer pain and the range of treatments available for pain due to cancer. Chapters on opioid pharmacology, starting and titrating opioids and managing their adverse effects are followed by discussion about talking to the patient commencing opioids for moderate to severe pain.Sections also include current evidence around opioid prescribing in patients with liver and renal impairment, respiratory disease or a history of substance misuse. This book presents current evidence in a clinically-based, practical and applicable way, so that the book is useful for all healthcare professionals caring for patients with pain due to cancer.

Given the current context of the experience of migration on schools in England and Europe, and the competing policies and approaches to social integration in schools, there is a need to understand the connection between language development and social integration as a basis for promoting appropriate policies and practices. This volume explores the complex relationship between language, education and the social integration of newcomer migrant children in England, through an in-depth analysis of case studies from schools in the East of England. The authors set this evidence against the background of policy debates in the wider international setting, including a critical discussion of assumptions underlying national narratives of mainstreaming and assimilation. In the light of an absence of national guidelines for appropriate practice in schools, the authors outline a model of inclusive pedagogy for English as an additional language (EAL) and a framework of home-school communication to promote effective EAL parental engagement in schools.

Given the current context of the experience of migration on schools in England and Europe, and the competing policies and approaches to social integration in schools, there is a need to understand the connection between language development and social integration as a basis for promoting appropriate policies and practices. This volume explores the complex relationship between language, education and the social integration of newcomer migrant children in England, through an in-depth analysis of case studies from schools in the East of England. The authors set this evidence against the background of policy debates in the wider international setting, including a critical discussion of assumptions underlying national narratives of mainstreaming and assimilation. In the light of an absence of national guidelines for appropriate practice in schools, the authors outline a model of inclusive pedagogy for English as an additional language (EAL) and a framework of home-school communication to promote effective EAL parental engagement in schools.

Given the current context of the experience of migration on schools in England and Europe, and the competing policies and approaches to social integration in schools, there is a need to understand the connection between language development and social integration as a basis for promoting appropriate policies and practices. This volume explores the complex relationship between language, education and the social integration of newcomer migrant children in England, through an in-depth analysis of case studies from schools in the East of England. The authors set this evidence against the background of policy debates in the wider international setting, including a critical discussion of assumptions underlying national narratives of mainstreaming and assimilation. In the light of an absence of national guidelines for appropriate practice in schools, the authors outline a model of inclusive pedagogy for English as an additional language (EAL) and a framework of home-school communication to promote effective EAL parental engagement in schools.

This work includes forewords by Sir Kenneth Calman, Lynn Calman, and Rita Charon. Respectively Vice-Chancellor and Warden, University of Durham and former Chief Medical Officer for England; Research Associate, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester; Professor of Clinical Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, University of Columbia, New York, USA. "Today''s Students, Tomorrow''s Doctors" offers actual accounts of life as a trainee junior doctor in the health service today. It is an intriguing read which includes student contributions that are witty, humorous, poignant and sometimes harrowing. With a strong focus on the personal, powerful and emotional experiences of trainee and junior doctors, this unique book challenges medical educators to understand the demands placed on graduates and will stimulate change and curriculum development. The book is also a great reference for medical students - preparing them for the realities of ward life. It aids in developing an understanding of the skills and experience required to survive and thrive in the healthcare environment. This is an invaluable resource for medical educators in both work-based and university roles. It will also be of great interest to healthcare managers and curriculum developers and shapers. ''A joy to read, full of hope. We were delighted, surprised and at times concerned. Delighted because of the issues raised and the sophisticated ways in which students responded to the challenges; surprised at the range of issues raised and the obvious importance of relationships in the clinical setting; finally concerned at some of the attitudes which were commented on, especially of senior staff, and on the adequacy of preparation for house officer posts. This book is inspirational and should be read by all who have any part to play in the education of doctors.'' - Sir Kenneth Calman and Lynne Calman, in their Foreword. ''Extraordinary. This is autobiographical insight at its most powerful, for it leads to transformative growth and true learning. I am first of all impressed with the emotional valence of these writings. They reflect the students'' interior states of sadness, empathy, and awe as they bear witness to patients'' suffering. The essays reflect a fresh calculus of sickness and duty [and] give me great and glad hope that our doctors of the future will be efficient with the forms of medicine as well as courageous in braving their contact with the ill, with the dying, with the humans who confront them evermore seeking care, seeking comfort, seeking their full capacity to heal.'' - Rita Charon, in her Foreword.

Given the current context of the experience of migration on schools in England and Europe, and the competing policies and approaches to social integration in schools, there is a need to understand the connection between language development and social integration as a basis for promoting appropriate policies and practices. This volume explores the complex relationship between language, education and the social integration of newcomer migrant children in England, through an in-depth analysis of case studies from schools in the East of England. The authors set this evidence against the background of policy debates in the wider international setting, including a critical discussion of assumptions underlying national narratives of mainstreaming and assimilation. In the light of an absence of national guidelines for appropriate practice in schools, the authors outline a model of inclusive pedagogy for English as an additional language (EAL) and a framework of home-school communication to promote effective EAL parental engagement in schools.

This work includes forewords by Sir Kenneth Calman, Lynn Calman, and Rita Charon. Respectively Vice-Chancellor and Warden, University of Durham and former Chief Medical Officer for England; Research Associate, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester; Professor of Clinical Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, University of Columbia, New York, USA. "Today''s Students, Tomorrow''s Doctors" offers actual accounts of life as a trainee junior doctor in the health service today. It is an intriguing read which includes student contributions that are witty, humorous, poignant and sometimes harrowing. With a strong focus on the personal, powerful and emotional experiences of trainee and junior doctors, this unique book challenges medical educators to understand the demands placed on graduates and will stimulate change and curriculum development. The book is also a great reference for medical students - preparing them for the realities of ward life. It aids in developing an understanding of the skills and experience required to survive and thrive in the healthcare environment. This is an invaluable resource for medical educators in both work-based and university roles. It will also be of great interest to healthcare managers and curriculum developers and shapers. ''A joy to read, full of hope. We were delighted, surprised and at times concerned. Delighted because of the issues raised and the sophisticated ways in which students responded to the challenges; surprised at the range of issues raised and the obvious importance of relationships in the clinical setting; finally concerned at some of the attitudes which were commented on, especially of senior staff, and on the adequacy of preparation for house officer posts. This book is inspirational and should be read by all who have any part to play in the education of doctors.'' - Sir Kenneth Calman and Lynne Calman, in their Foreword. ''Extraordinary. This is autobiographical insight at its most powerful, for it leads to transformative growth and true learning. I am first of all impressed with the emotional valence of these writings. They reflect the students'' interior states of sadness, empathy, and awe as they bear witness to patients'' suffering. The essays reflect a fresh calculus of sickness and duty [and] give me great and glad hope that our doctors of the future will be efficient with the forms of medicine as well as courageous in braving their contact with the ill, with the dying, with the humans who confront them evermore seeking care, seeking comfort, seeking their full capacity to heal.'' - Rita Charon, in her Foreword.

In the context of increasingly multilingual global educational settings, this book provides a timely exploration of the phenomenon of cross-linguistic transfer of writing strategies (in particular, transfer from the foreign language to the first language) and presents a compelling case for a multilingual approach to writing pedagogy. The book presents evidence from a classroom-based intervention study conducted in a secondary school in England on cross-linguistic strategy transfer. It suggests that even beginner or low proficiency foreign language learners can develop effective skills and strategies in the foreign language classroom which can also positively influence writing in other languages, including their first language. This book ultimately encourages more joined-up, cross-curricular, cross-linguistic thinking related to language in schools by exploring the potential for collaboration between languages teachers.

In the context of increasingly multilingual global educational settings, this book provides a timely exploration of the phenomenon of cross-linguistic transfer of writing strategies (in particular, transfer from the foreign language to the first language) and presents a compelling case for a multilingual approach to writing pedagogy. The book presents evidence from a classroom-based intervention study conducted in a secondary school in England on cross-linguistic strategy transfer. It suggests that even beginner or low proficiency foreign language learners can develop effective skills and strategies in the foreign language classroom which can also positively influence writing in other languages, including their first language. This book ultimately encourages more joined-up, cross-curricular, cross-linguistic thinking related to language in schools by exploring the potential for collaboration between languages teachers.

The World Health Organisation published 'Cancer Pain Relief' in 1990, advocating simplicity in the choice of analgesic and of route of administration. Since that time an increasing number of opioids for moderate to severe pain in an increasing number of formulations have become available, making professionals' choices about cancer pain management more complex.Part of the Oxford Pain Management Library, this book compares and reviews the current opioids for moderate to severe pain and considers their place in the management of cancer pain, using morphine as the accepted 'gold standard' worldwide. The first sections of the book deal with the principles of pain management in cancer pain and the range of treatments available for pain due to cancer. Chapters on opioid pharmacology, starting and titrating opioids and managing their adverse effects are followed by discussion about talking to the patient commencing opioids for moderate to severe pain.Sections also include current evidence around opioid prescribing in patients with liver and renal impairment, respiratory disease or a history of substance misuse. This book presents current evidence in a clinically-based, practical and applicable way, so that the book is useful for all healthcare professionals caring for patients with pain due to cancer.

Given the current context of the experience of migration on schools in England and Europe, and the competing policies and approaches to social integration in schools, there is a need to understand the connection between language development and social integration as a basis for promoting appropriate policies and practices. This volume explores the complex relationship between language, education and the social integration of newcomer migrant children in England, through an in-depth analysis of case studies from schools in the East of England. The authors set this evidence against the background of policy debates in the wider international setting, including a critical discussion of assumptions underlying national narratives of mainstreaming and assimilation. In the light of an absence of national guidelines for appropriate practice in schools, the authors outline a model of inclusive pedagogy for English as an additional language (EAL) and a framework of home-school communication to promote effective EAL parental engagement in schools.

Given the current context of the experience of migration on schools in England and Europe, and the competing policies and approaches to social integration in schools, there is a need to understand the connection between language development and social integration as a basis for promoting appropriate policies and practices. This volume explores the complex relationship between language, education and the social integration of newcomer migrant children in England, through an in-depth analysis of case studies from schools in the East of England. The authors set this evidence against the background of policy debates in the wider international setting, including a critical discussion of assumptions underlying national narratives of mainstreaming and assimilation. In the light of an absence of national guidelines for appropriate practice in schools, the authors outline a model of inclusive pedagogy for English as an additional language (EAL) and a framework of home-school communication to promote effective EAL parental engagement in schools.

Given the current context of the experience of migration on schools in England and Europe, and the competing policies and approaches to social integration in schools, there is a need to understand the connection between language development and social integration as a basis for promoting appropriate policies and practices. This volume explores the complex relationship between language, education and the social integration of newcomer migrant children in England, through an in-depth analysis of case studies from schools in the East of England. The authors set this evidence against the background of policy debates in the wider international setting, including a critical discussion of assumptions underlying national narratives of mainstreaming and assimilation. In the light of an absence of national guidelines for appropriate practice in schools, the authors outline a model of inclusive pedagogy for English as an additional language (EAL) and a framework of home-school communication to promote effective EAL parental engagement in schools.

This work includes forewords by Sir Kenneth Calman, Lynn Calman, and Rita Charon. Respectively Vice-Chancellor and Warden, University of Durham and former Chief Medical Officer for England; Research Associate, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester; Professor of Clinical Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, University of Columbia, New York, USA. "Today''s Students, Tomorrow''s Doctors" offers actual accounts of life as a trainee junior doctor in the health service today. It is an intriguing read which includes student contributions that are witty, humorous, poignant and sometimes harrowing. With a strong focus on the personal, powerful and emotional experiences of trainee and junior doctors, this unique book challenges medical educators to understand the demands placed on graduates and will stimulate change and curriculum development. The book is also a great reference for medical students - preparing them for the realities of ward life. It aids in developing an understanding of the skills and experience required to survive and thrive in the healthcare environment. This is an invaluable resource for medical educators in both work-based and university roles. It will also be of great interest to healthcare managers and curriculum developers and shapers. ''A joy to read, full of hope. We were delighted, surprised and at times concerned. Delighted because of the issues raised and the sophisticated ways in which students responded to the challenges; surprised at the range of issues raised and the obvious importance of relationships in the clinical setting; finally concerned at some of the attitudes which were commented on, especially of senior staff, and on the adequacy of preparation for house officer posts. This book is inspirational and should be read by all who have any part to play in the education of doctors.'' - Sir Kenneth Calman and Lynne Calman, in their Foreword. ''Extraordinary. This is autobiographical insight at its most powerful, for it leads to transformative growth and true learning. I am first of all impressed with the emotional valence of these writings. They reflect the students'' interior states of sadness, empathy, and awe as they bear witness to patients'' suffering. The essays reflect a fresh calculus of sickness and duty [and] give me great and glad hope that our doctors of the future will be efficient with the forms of medicine as well as courageous in braving their contact with the ill, with the dying, with the humans who confront them evermore seeking care, seeking comfort, seeking their full capacity to heal.'' - Rita Charon, in her Foreword.

Given the current context of the experience of migration on schools in England and Europe, and the competing policies and approaches to social integration in schools, there is a need to understand the connection between language development and social integration as a basis for promoting appropriate policies and practices. This volume explores the complex relationship between language, education and the social integration of newcomer migrant children in England, through an in-depth analysis of case studies from schools in the East of England. The authors set this evidence against the background of policy debates in the wider international setting, including a critical discussion of assumptions underlying national narratives of mainstreaming and assimilation. In the light of an absence of national guidelines for appropriate practice in schools, the authors outline a model of inclusive pedagogy for English as an additional language (EAL) and a framework of home-school communication to promote effective EAL parental engagement in schools.

This work includes forewords by Sir Kenneth Calman, Lynn Calman, and Rita Charon. Respectively Vice-Chancellor and Warden, University of Durham and former Chief Medical Officer for England; Research Associate, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester; Professor of Clinical Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, University of Columbia, New York, USA. "Today''s Students, Tomorrow''s Doctors" offers actual accounts of life as a trainee junior doctor in the health service today. It is an intriguing read which includes student contributions that are witty, humorous, poignant and sometimes harrowing. With a strong focus on the personal, powerful and emotional experiences of trainee and junior doctors, this unique book challenges medical educators to understand the demands placed on graduates and will stimulate change and curriculum development. The book is also a great reference for medical students - preparing them for the realities of ward life. It aids in developing an understanding of the skills and experience required to survive and thrive in the healthcare environment. This is an invaluable resource for medical educators in both work-based and university roles. It will also be of great interest to healthcare managers and curriculum developers and shapers. ''A joy to read, full of hope. We were delighted, surprised and at times concerned. Delighted because of the issues raised and the sophisticated ways in which students responded to the challenges; surprised at the range of issues raised and the obvious importance of relationships in the clinical setting; finally concerned at some of the attitudes which were commented on, especially of senior staff, and on the adequacy of preparation for house officer posts. This book is inspirational and should be read by all who have any part to play in the education of doctors.'' - Sir Kenneth Calman and Lynne Calman, in their Foreword. ''Extraordinary. This is autobiographical insight at its most powerful, for it leads to transformative growth and true learning. I am first of all impressed with the emotional valence of these writings. They reflect the students'' interior states of sadness, empathy, and awe as they bear witness to patients'' suffering. The essays reflect a fresh calculus of sickness and duty [and] give me great and glad hope that our doctors of the future will be efficient with the forms of medicine as well as courageous in braving their contact with the ill, with the dying, with the humans who confront them evermore seeking care, seeking comfort, seeking their full capacity to heal.'' - Rita Charon, in her Foreword.

In the context of increasingly multilingual global educational settings, this book provides a timely exploration of the phenomenon of cross-linguistic transfer of writing strategies (in particular, transfer from the foreign language to the first language) and presents a compelling case for a multilingual approach to writing pedagogy. The book presents evidence from a classroom-based intervention study conducted in a secondary school in England on cross-linguistic strategy transfer. It suggests that even beginner or low proficiency foreign language learners can develop effective skills and strategies in the foreign language classroom which can also positively influence writing in other languages, including their first language. This book ultimately encourages more joined-up, cross-curricular, cross-linguistic thinking related to language in schools by exploring the potential for collaboration between languages teachers.

In the context of increasingly multilingual global educational settings, this book provides a timely exploration of the phenomenon of cross-linguistic transfer of writing strategies (in particular, transfer from the foreign language to the first language) and presents a compelling case for a multilingual approach to writing pedagogy. The book presents evidence from a classroom-based intervention study conducted in a secondary school in England on cross-linguistic strategy transfer. It suggests that even beginner or low proficiency foreign language learners can develop effective skills and strategies in the foreign language classroom which can also positively influence writing in other languages, including their first language. This book ultimately encourages more joined-up, cross-curricular, cross-linguistic thinking related to language in schools by exploring the potential for collaboration between languages teachers.