Kenneth Lee – författare

Originally published in 1977, this book explored some of the major problems besetting the Health Service during the second half of the twentieth century. Now, as then, they offer both historical perspective on contemporary difficulties and invite debate about the future development of health services. The main themes are the medical care system and its organisational structures; the managers and the providers of the system, their tasks and responses; the resources available whether financial, human or material; and finally the consumers and their influence upon the overall direction of the system.

Originally published in 1977, this book explored some of the major problems besetting the Health Service during the second half of the twentieth century. Now, as then, they offer both historical perspective on contemporary difficulties and invite debate about the future development of health services. The main themes are the medical care system and its organisational structures; the managers and the providers of the system, their tasks and responses; the resources available whether financial, human or material; and finally the consumers and their influence upon the overall direction of the system.

Now, as when this book was originally published in 1982, health services have shown themselves only too capable of absorbing a large share of the resources that nations have available for public and private expenditure. Then, as now, as nations are faced with problems of slow or negative economic growth, government resources are increasingly directed towards setting limits on the resources absorbed by the health sector. Looking especially at the UK and USA, the book explores the challenges that countries face in attempting to improve the health and well-being of their communities through conscious planning of health-related activities. It is argued that there is often a huge credibility gap between the rhetoric of comprehensive planning and the reality of health policy-making and planning in many societies. The book identifies feasible approaches that can be made to improve decision-making in the health sector.

Now, as when this book was originally published in 1982, health services have shown themselves only too capable of absorbing a large share of the resources that nations have available for public and private expenditure. Then, as now, as nations are faced with problems of slow or negative economic growth, government resources are increasingly directed towards setting limits on the resources absorbed by the health sector. Looking especially at the UK and USA, the book explores the challenges that countries face in attempting to improve the health and well-being of their communities through conscious planning of health-related activities. It is argued that there is often a huge credibility gap between the rhetoric of comprehensive planning and the reality of health policy-making and planning in many societies. The book identifies feasible approaches that can be made to improve decision-making in the health sector.

International experts in the field of oil spill response, including reprsentatives from 26 NATO countries, participated in a workshop in Canada to discuss their experience in the development and application of current and emerging technologies for oil spill response in the marine environment. These presentations which form the basis of chapters in this book provide a practical viewpoint of methods used to deal with oil spills under the variety of environmental conditions found in the marine environment. In particular, focus is given to the evaluation of oil spill countermeasures for use under arctic conditions in light of anticipated regional increases in marine traffic (e.g. Northwest Passage) and industrial activities (e.g. offshore oil and gas exploration) in the future.

This book provides a timely international perspective on applied research and development, technology transfer, and “lessons learned” from field trials and actual case studies associated with recent spill events. Topics include Preparedness/Contingency Planning, (Eco-terrorism); Oil Spill Fate and Transport (Environmental Persistence, Remote Sensing, modelling, Biodegradation), Biological Effects (Environmental Effects Monitoring and Environmental Risk Assessment); and Operational Response (Containment/Recovery Treating Agents, Shoreline Cleanup, In-situ Burning, Emerging Response Strategies). This book provides a synopsis as to the methods currently employed to deals with spills and an insight on future technologies under development.

A state-of-the-art review of scientific knowledge on the environmental risk of ocean discharge of produced water and advances in mitigation technologies.

In offshore oil and gas operations, produced water (the water produced with oil or gas from a well) accounts for the largest waste stream (in terms of volume discharged).  Its discharge is continuous during oil and gas production and typically increases in volume over the lifetime of an offshore production platform.

Produced water discharge as waste into the ocean has become an environmental concern because of its potential contaminant content. Environmental risk assessments of ocean discharge of produced water have yielded different results.  For example, several laboratory and field studies have shown that significant acute toxic effects cannot be detected beyond the "point of discharge" due to rapid dilution in the receiving waters.  However, there is some preliminary evidence of chronic sub-lethal impacts in biota associated with the discharge of produced water from oil and gas fields within the North Sea. 

As the composition and concentration of potential produced water contaminants may vary from one geologic formation to another, this conference also highlights the results of recent studies in Atlantic Canada.