Khalid Ikram – författare

Interviews with former Prime Ministers and Cabinet Ministers along with previously unpublished analysis by the World Bank, IMF and USAID provide entertaining and interesting insights into Egypt's economic development policy during 1952 to 2000. Areas addressed include:* the performance of the Egyptian economy since 1950s* the factors that have facilitated or retarded economic performance* the Egyptian authorities approach to economic issues and policy-making * the chief questions that policy-makers will have to deal with in the next twenty years.Set apart by Khalid Ikram’s intimate knowledge of the Egyptian policy-makers this book presents a unique account of economic development and policy-making in Egypt during 1952 to 2000.

Interviews with former Prime Ministers and Cabinet Ministers along with previously unpublished analysis by the World Bank, IMF and USAID provide entertaining and interesting insights into Egypt's economic development policy during 1952 to 2000. Areas addressed include:* the performance of the Egyptian economy since 1950s* the factors that have facilitated or retarded economic performance* the Egyptian authorities approach to economic issues and policy-making * the chief questions that policy-makers will have to deal with in the next twenty years.Set apart by Khalid Ikram’s intimate knowledge of the Egyptian policy-makers this book presents a unique account of economic development and policy-making in Egypt during 1952 to 2000.

A multi-faceted account of Egyptian economic development by nineteen internationally recognized authorities and the critical challenges the economy is likely to face in the next twenty yearsThe Egyptian Economy in the Twenty-first Century addresses the question of why Egypt, despite possessing a plethora of assets—such as a fertile agriculture, a strategic geographic location, oil and gas deposits, innumerable tourist sites, a labor force prized by regional countries, and a diaspora that remits large amounts of funds—has seldom performed to its economic potential during the last sixty years. Indeed, economic weakness created political weakness, and often exposed the country to foreign diktats. What should the country do to change this state of affairs?Nineteen internationally recognized authorities on the Egyptian economy discuss the critical challenges that the Egyptian economy is likely to face in the next two to three decades, challenges which must be overcome in order to improve the life of Egypt’s citizens and to protect the country from external pressures. Their analyses cover population and employment; development strategies; principal macroeconomic issues; development of a digital economy; fiscal and monetary matters; the external sector; poverty and income distribution; the enterprise structure; higher education; water availability; urbanization; institutional performance; and many others.Contributors:- Gouda Abdel Khalek, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt- Khaled M. Abu-Zeid, Regional Water Resources, CEDARE (Center for Environment and Development for the Arab Region and Europe), Cairo, Egypt.- Fatma El Ashmawy, World Bank.- Ragui Assaad, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA- Izak Atiyas, Economic Research Forum, Cairo, Egypt.- Marwa Biltagy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.- Lahcen Bounader, International Monetary Fund.- Ishac Diwan, École Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.- Ahmed Ghoneim, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.- Khalid Ikram, Washington DC, USA.- Karima Korayem, al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.- Heba el-Laithy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.- Noha el-Mikawy, Ford Foundation, Middle East and North Africa, Cairo, Egypt. - Mohamed Mohieddin, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.- Heba Nassar, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.- Osman Mohamed Osman, Cairo, Egypt.- Noha Razek, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada.- David Sims, Cairo, Egypt.- John Waterbury, Princeton, New Jersey.

What are the long-term structural features of the Egyptian economy? What are the factors that have facilitated or inhibited its performance? This crucial and timely work answers these questions and more by examining the most important economic decisions to have impacted the Egyptian economy since 1952 and the political factors behind them. Drawing on Khalid Ikram's extensive knowledge of economic policymaking at the highest levels, The Political Economy of Reforms in Egypt, 1952-2015 lays out the enduring features of the Egyptian economy and its performance since 1952 before presenting an account of policy-making, growth and structural change under the country's successive presidents to the present day. Topics covered include agrarian reforms; the Aswan High Dam; the move towards Arab socialism and a planned economy; the reversal of strategy and the infitah; fiscal, monetary, and exchange-rate policies; consumer subsidies; external debt crises; negotiations between Egypt and international donors and financial institutions; privatization; labor and employment; and poverty and income distribution.The analysis concludes with an examination of institutional reforms and development strategies to tackle the Egyptian economy's structural problems and lay the foundation for sustained and rapid growth. Written from the point of view of a 'participant-observer, ' this book will be indispensable to students of political economy, to scholars of Egypt and the Middle East, and to the general reader who wishes to understand, especially from the wealth of insider information provided, how domestic and international politics and economics can interact to shape decisions that promote, or prevent, economic reforms.