Laurent Loison – författare

Over the past 20 years, the role of phenotypic plasticity in Darwinian evolution has become a hotly debated topic among biologists and philosophers of science. For instance, in the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis, a new form of evolutionary theory that aims to include processes not taken into account by standard theory (the Modern Synthesis), the question of the remarkable plasticity of living beings is central.

Beyond Lamarckism: Plasticity in Darwinian Evolution, 1890–1970 shows that the evolutionary impact of plasticity was in fact debated long before the emergence of the current debate on the limits of the Modern Synthesis. The question of how the plasticity of organisms could play a causal role in Darwinian evolution was raised on two separate occasions: first, around 1900, with the emergence of the theory of “organic selection” and, second, during the formation of the Modern Synthesis itself, in the mid-20th century. Out of these reflections came a very large number of concepts, models, and many different terms (“organic selection”, “stabilizing selection”, “genetic assimilation”, “Baldwin effect”, etc.), which were often developed independently in various research traditions and empirical contexts. This book also looks at the reasons why these conceptions have been downplayed in the standard understanding of adaptive evolution.

Showing the extraordinary complexity of this history, Beyond Lamarckism is aimed at readers interested in evolutionary theory, whether philosophers, biologists, or historians.

Over the past 20 years, the role of phenotypic plasticity in Darwinian evolution has become a hotly debated topic among biologists and philosophers of science. For instance, in the Extended Evolutionary Synthesis, a new form of evolutionary theory that aims to include processes not taken into account by standard theory (the Modern Synthesis), the question of the remarkable plasticity of living beings is central.

Beyond Lamarckism: Plasticity in Darwinian Evolution, 1890–1970 shows that the evolutionary impact of plasticity was in fact debated long before the emergence of the current debate on the limits of the Modern Synthesis. The question of how the plasticity of organisms could play a causal role in Darwinian evolution was raised on two separate occasions: first, around 1900, with the emergence of the theory of “organic selection” and, second, during the formation of the Modern Synthesis itself, in the mid-20th century. Out of these reflections came a very large number of concepts, models, and many different terms (“organic selection”, “stabilizing selection”, “genetic assimilation”, “Baldwin effect”, etc.), which were often developed independently in various research traditions and empirical contexts. This book also looks at the reasons why these conceptions have been downplayed in the standard understanding of adaptive evolution.

Showing the extraordinary complexity of this history, Beyond Lamarckism is aimed at readers interested in evolutionary theory, whether philosophers, biologists, or historians.

En 1965, après une longue période de disette, un prix Nobel venait enfin couronner la science française, en l’occurrence la biologie. Si les noms de Jacques Monod et François Jacob sont demeurés célèbres, celui du troisième lauréat, André Lwoff, a depuis retrouvé un certain anonymat. Pourtant, c’est lui qui sut voir en Monod puis Jacob des collaborateurs de talent et qui aiguilla leurs recherches vers des voies fécondes. C’est lui qui sut créer dans le fameux « grenier » – son laboratoire à l’Institut Pasteur – les conditions d’un travail d’équipe toujours productif et intense. C’est lui enfin qui, le premier, réussit à contrôler expérimentalement le déterminisme de la lysogénie, ce qui allait permettre de comprendre le mécanisme de la régulation génétique.Dans ce texte autobiographique demeuré inédit, Lwoff nous livre certaines clés de ses succès au fil d’une carrière scientifique longue de plus de cinquante ans et qui toucha de très nombreux domaines.