M Francon – författare

Optical Image Formation and Processing describes modern physical optics, particularly concerning interference, diffraction, and a simplified theory of partial coherence. The book also discusses polarization, with emphasis on interference phenomena on polarized light. An image is formed in terms of the filtering of spatial frequencies, filtering that is due to transfer function. The text explains holography—a reconstruction of the image of an object beginning from the diffraction patterns produced by the object. A computer can also create artificial variations from the photographic plate which records the hologram, and can synthesize the hologram. The book cites an example of the synthesis of a hologram by a computer using the principle of binary holograms. The text also reviews some experiments dealing with the properties of lasers associated with temporal coherence and power. The book explains that lasers can carry large amounts of information due to their very high frequencies in the order of 300, 000 gigahertz, and recommends the use of optical fibers as the transmission medium instead of using open air. This book can prove useful for technicians, students, and professor connected with optical physics.

Laser Speckle and Applications in Optics focuses on developments in laser speckle techniques, with emphasis on the experimental aspect of phenomena and on applications in optics. These applications include interference with scattered light, optical processing of images, and studies of surface roughness as well as displacements and deformations of diffuse objects. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins by reviewing the elements of diffraction theory and the properties of speckle in the image of a diffuse object. The discussion then turns to speckle in the near field and interferometry with diffuse light, along with experiments in which interference patterns are produced from photographically superimposed laterally shifted speckle patterns. The following chapters consider optical processing of images modulated by speckle; deformations and displacements of diffuse objects; speckle applications in astronomy; and surface roughness measurements. The final chapter looks at the use of laser speckle to study transparent objects; the average shape of diffuse surfaces; the transfer functions and aberrations of optical systems; and the movement of diffuse objects. This monograph will be of value to physicists and researchers as well as those interested in lasers and optics.

Holography reviews advances in the field of holography and its various applications in areas such as interferometry, microscopy, and acoustics. Topics range from acoustic holography to image multiplexing, formation of images in holography, and holography by computer. Some experiments based on Gabor''s holography are also presented. This book is comprised of five chapters and begins with an overview of the fundamentals of holography, with particular reference to spatial and temporal coherence, diffraction at finite and infinite distances, and filtering of spatial frequencies. The reader is then introduced to the principles and applications of holography, focusing on the geometric optics and aberrations of holograms as well as interferometry and microscopy. The following chapters explore how images are produced and reconstructed using a hologram and explain how to detect the differences between two images. Three main types of synthetic holograms are also considered: binary holograms, holograms with several intensity levels, and the holograms called kinoforms. The last chapter is devoted to optical filtering and pattern recognition. This monograph will be of value to physicists and researchers as well as to those interested in how holography works.

Progress in Microscopy details the advancement in various areas of microscopy. The title covers the phenomena, techniques, measurements, and equations. The text first details the physical aspects of image formation in microscopy, and then proceeds to tackling phase contrast, interference, and reflected-light microscopy. Next, the selection deals with the geometrical measurements and the measurement of refraction indices, thickness, and slope. The text also covers infra-red and ultra-violet microscopy, microspectroscopy, microspectrophotometry, and chemical microscopy. The book will be of great use to physicists who specializes in optics.

Diffraction: Coherence in Optics presents a detailed account of the course on Fraunhofer diffraction phenomena, studied at the Faculty of Science in Paris. The publication first elaborates on Huygens'' principle and diffraction phenomena for a monochromatic point source and diffraction by an aperture of simple form. Discussions focus on diffraction at infinity and at a finite distance, simplified expressions for the field, calculation of the path difference, diffraction by a rectangular aperture, narrow slit, and circular aperture, and distribution of luminous flux in the airy spot. The book then examines Fourier transformation and diffraction by several apertures. The manuscript takes a look at extended luminous sources and objects and diffraction phenomena in perfect optical instruments. Topics include diffraction gratings, phase contrast, apodization, filtering spatial frequencies, relation between the length of wave trains and the spectral width of the emitted radiations, successive wave trains emitted by an atom, and vibrations with different frequencies from a single atom. The manuscript also reviews diffraction phenomena in real optical instruments, including diffraction in the case of a spherical wave and diffraction spot in the presence of aberrations. The publication is a dependable reference for readers interested in diffraction phenomena.

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