M. J. Ablowitz - Böcker

A First Course in Combinatorial Optimization is a text for a one-semester introductory graduate-level course for students of operations research, mathematics, and computer science. It is a self-contained treatment of the subject, requiring only some mathematical maturity. Topics include: linear and integer programming, polytopes, matroids and matroid optimization, shortest paths, and network flows. Central to the exposition is the polyhedral viewpoint, which is the key principle underlying the successful integer-programming approach to combinatorial-optimization problems. Another key unifying topic is matroids. The author does not dwell on data structures and implementation details, preferring to focus on the key mathematical ideas that lead to useful models and algorithms. Problems and exercises are included throughout as well as references for further study.

Kostrov and Das present a general theoretical model summarizing our current knowledge of fracture mechanics as applied to earthquakes and earthquake source processes. Part I explains continuum and fracture mechanics, providing the reader with some background and context. Part II continues with a discussion of the inverse problem of earthquake source theory and a description of the seismic moment tensor. Part III presents specific earthquake source models. Although data processing and acquisition techniques are discussed only in simplified form for illustrative purposes, the material in this book will aid in better orienting and developing these techniques. The aim of this book is to explore the phenomena underlying earthquake fracture and present a general theoretical model for earthquake source processes.

Perturbation methods are one of the fundamental tools used by all applied mathematicians and theoretical physicists. In this book, the author has managed to present the theory and techniques underlying such methods in a manner which will give the text wide appeal to students from a broad range of disciplines. Asymptotic expansions, strained coordinates and multiple scales are illustrated by copious use of examples drawn from all areas of applied mathematics and theoretical physics. The philosophy adopted is that there is no single or best method for such problems, but that one may exploit the small parameter given some experience and understanding of similar perturbation problems. The author does not look to perturbation methods to give quantitative answers but rather to give a physical understanding of the subtle balances in a complex problem.

Observations of ocean circulation have increased as a result of international field programmes and of remote sensing systems on artificial earth satellites. Oceanographers are increasingly turning to inverse methods for combining these observations with numerical models of ocean circulation. Professor Bennett's work explores the potential for inverse theory, emphasizing possibilities rather than expedient or rudimentary applications. In addition to interpolating the data and adding realism to the model solutions, the methods can yield estimates for unobserved flow variables, forcing fields, and model parameters. Inverse formulations can resolve ill-posed modelling problems, lead to design criteria for oceanic observing systems, and enable the testing of models as scientific hypothesis. Exercises of varying difficulty rehearse technical skills and supplement the central theoretical development. Thus this book will be invaluable for environmental scientists and engineers, advanced undergraduates in applied mathematics, and graduate students in physical oceanography.

This book reviews and interrelates a large number of theoretical and experimental contributions to the research on finite plastic deformation of single crystals and polycrystalline metals. An overall theoretical framework for investigation of large strains in crystalline materials is presented that enables the blending of contemporary and earlier experimental research with modern concepts in solid mechanics. Professor Havner has provided a historical perspective throughout, including accurate attribution of ideas and emphasis on pioneering studies, beginning with G. I. Taylor and the German researchers in the 1920s. Early chapters deal with single crystals, including extensive analyses of particular experimental configurations. Then connections between single crystals and polycrystalline material behaviour are considered. Necessary background to the most general theoretical sections is presented in an appendix and approximately 200 references to the primary scientific literature are included. Engineering scientists, applied mathematicians and physical metallurgists will find this volume an invaluable guide to the development of finite plastic deformation theory.

The investigation of nonlinear phenomena in acoustics has a rich history stretching back to the mechanical physical sciences in the nineteenth century. The study of nonlinear phenomena, such as explosions and jet engines, prompted the sharp growth of interest in nonlinear acoustic phenomena. The authors consider models of different 'acoustic' media as well as equations and behaviour of finite-amplitude waves. Consideration is given to the effects of nonlinearity, dissipation, dispersion, and for two- and three-dimensional problems, reflection and diffraction upon the evolution and interaction of acoustic beams. This book will be of interest not only to specialists in acoustics, but also to a wide audience of mathematicians, physicists, and engineers working on nonlinear waves in various physical systems.

This book presents a coherent introduction to boundary integral, boundary element and singularity methods for steady and unsteady flow at zero Reynolds number. The focus of the discussion is not only on the theoretical foundation, but also on the practical application and computer implementation. The text is supplemented with a number of examples and unsolved problems, many drawn from the field of particulate creeping flows. The material is selected so that the book may serve both as a reference monograph and as a textbook in a graduate course on fluid mechanics or computational fluid mechanics.

The theories of bifurcation, chaos and fractals as well as equilibrium, stability and nonlinear oscillations, are part of the theory of the evolution of solutions of nonlinear equations. A wide range of mathematical tools and ideas are drawn together in the study of these solutions, and the results applied to diverse and countless problems in the natural and social sciences, even philosophy. The text evolves from courses given by the author in the UK and the United States. It introduces the mathematical properties of nonlinear systems, mostly difference and differential equations, as an integrated theory, rather than presenting isolated fashionable topics. Topics are discussed in as concrete a way as possible and worked examples and problems are used to explain, motivate and illustrate the general principles. The essence of these principles, rather than proof or rigour, is emphasized. More advanced parts of the text are denoted by asterisks, and the mathematical prerequisites are limited to knowledge of linear algebra and advanced calculus, thus making it ideally suited to both senior undergraduates and postgraduates from physics, engineering, chemistry, meteorology etc. as well as mathematics.

This book presents a coherent introduction to boundary integral, boundary element and singularity methods for steady and unsteady flow at zero Reynolds number. The focus of the discussion is not only on the theoretical foundation, but also on the practical application and computer implementation. The text is supplemented with a number of examples and unsolved problems, many drawn from the field of particulate creeping flows. The material is selected so that the book may serve both as a reference monograph and as a textbook in a graduate course on fluid mechanics or computational fluid mechanics.

Mathematical modelling is the basis of almost all applied mathematics. A 'real-world' problem is dissected and phrased in a mathematical setting, allowing it to be simplified and ultimately solved. This book presents a thorough grounding in the techniques of modelling, and proceeds to explore a range of classical and continuum models from an impressive array of disciplines, including: biology, chemical engineering, fluid and solid mechanics, geophysics, medicine, and physics. It assumes only a basic mathematical grounding in calculus and analysis and will provide a wealth of examples for students of mathematics, engineering, and the range of applied sciences.

Symmetry is the key to solving differential equations. There are many well-known techniques for obtaining exact solutions, but most of them are special cases of a few powerful symmetry methods. Furthermore, these methods can be applied to differential equations of an unfamiliar type; they do not rely on special 'tricks'. Instead, a given differential equation is forced to reveal its symmetries, which are then used to construct exact solutions. This book is a straightforward introduction to the subject, and is aimed at applied mathematicians, physicists, and engineers. The presentation is informal, using many worked examples to illustrate the main symmetry methods. It is written at a level suitable for postgraduates and advanced undergraduates, and is designed to enable the reader to master the main techniques quickly and easily. The book contains methods that have not previously appeared in a text. These include methods for obtaining discrete symmetries and integrating factors.

In recent years there have been important and far reaching developments in the study of nonlinear waves and a class of nonlinear wave equations which arise frequently in applications. The wide interest in this field comes from the understanding of special waves called 'solitons' and the associated development of a method of solution to a class of nonlinear wave equations termed the inverse scattering transform (IST). Before these developments, very little was known about the solutions to such 'soliton equations'. The IST technique applies to both continuous and discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equations of scalar and vector type. Also included is the IST for the Toda lattice and nonlinear ladder network, which are well-known discrete systems. This book, first published in 2003, presents the detailed mathematical analysis of the scattering theory; soliton solutions are obtained and soliton interactions, both scalar and vector, are analyzed. Much of the material is not available in the previously-published literature.

This book is a comprehensive introduction to the mathematical theory of vorticity and incompressible flow ranging from elementary introductory material to current research topics. While the contents center on mathematical theory, many parts of the book showcase the interaction between rigorous mathematical theory, numerical, asymptotic, and qualitative simplified modeling, and physical phenomena. The first half forms an introductory graduate course on vorticity and incompressible flow. The second half comprises a modern applied mathematics graduate course on the weak solution theory for incompressible flow.

This book develops the theory of global attractors for a class of parabolic PDEs which includes reaction-diffusion equations and the Navier-Stokes equations, two examples that are treated in detail. A lengthy chapter on Sobolev spaces provides the framework that allows a rigorous treatment of existence and uniqueness of solutions for both linear time-independent problems (Poisson's equation) and the nonlinear evolution equations which generate the infinite-dimensional dynamical systems of the title. Attention then switches to the global attractor, a finite-dimensional subset of the infinite-dimensional phase space which determines the asymptotic dynamics. In particular, the concluding chapters investigate in what sense the dynamics restricted to the attractor are themselves 'finite-dimensional'. The book is intended as a didactic text for first year graduates, and assumes only a basic knowledge of Banach and Hilbert spaces, and a working understanding of the Lebesgue integral.

Acoustics of Fluid-Structure Interactions addresses an increasingly important branch of fluid mechanics - the absorption of noise and vibration by fluid flow. This subject, which offers numerous challenges to conventional areas of acoustics, is of growing concern in places where the environment is adversely affected by sound. Howe presents useful background material on fluid mechanics and the elementary concepts of classical acoustics and structural vibrations. Using examples, many of which include complete worked solutions, he vividly illustrates the theoretical concepts involved. He provides the basis for all calculations necessary for the determination of sound generation by aircraft, ships, general ventilation and combustion systems, as well as musical instruments. Both a graduate textbook and a reference for researchers, Acoustics of Fluid-Structure Interactions is an important synthesis of information in this field. It will also aid engineers in the theory and practice of noise control.

This book presents the concepts, methods and applications of kinetic theory to rarefied gas dynamics. After introducing the basic tools, problems in plane geometry are treated using approximation techniques (perturbation and numerical methods). These same techniques are later used to deal with two- and three-dimensional problems. The models include not only monatomic but also polyatomic gases, mixtures, chemical reactions. A special chapter is devoted to evaporation and condensation phenomena. Each section is accompanied by problems which are mainly intended to demonstrate the use of the material in the text and to outline additional subjects, results and equations. This will help ensure that the book can be used for a range of graduate courses in aerospace engineering or applied mathematics.

This book presents the concepts, methods and applications of kinetic theory to rarefied gas dynamics. After introducing the basic tools, problems in plane geometry are treated using approximation techniques (perturbation and numerical methods). These same techniques are later used to deal with two- and three-dimensional problems. The models include not only monatomic but also polyatomic gases, mixtures, chemical reactions. A special chapter is devoted to evaporation and condensation phenomena. Each section is accompanied by problems which are mainly intended to demonstrate the use of the material in the text and to outline additional subjects, results and equations. This will help ensure that the book can be used for a range of graduate courses in aerospace engineering or applied mathematics.

High-Speed Flow is a textbook suitable for undergraduates, postgraduates, and research-workers in fluid dynamics. It covers such topics as subsonic and supersonic flight, shock waves, high-speed aerofoils, and temperature changes. Starting from first principles, the book gives complete and elementary derivations of all results, and takes the reader to research level in the subject. The book contains many exercises and an extensive bibliography, providing access to the entire literature of the subject from 1860 to the present day, and including over two hundred items published since 1990. It contains the most extensive set of formulae on thermodynamics and oblique shock waves ever assembled.

High-Speed Flow is a textbook suitable for undergraduates, postgraduates, and research-workers in fluid dynamics. It covers such topics as subsonic and supersonic flight, shock waves, high-speed aerofoils, and temperature changes. Starting from first principles, the book gives complete and elementary derivations of all results, and takes the reader to research level in the subject. The book contains many exercises and an extensive bibliography, providing access to the entire literature of the subject from 1860 to the present day, and including over two hundred items published since 1990. It contains the most extensive set of formulae on thermodynamics and oblique shock waves ever assembled.

Astronomers have long noted that the Earth does not rotate uniformly about an axis fixed in the planet, that both the length-of-day and the direction of the rotation axis vary periodically and irregularly by small amounts. These variations are an immediate consequence of the Earth not being a rigid body. In this book Professor Lambeck discusses the irregular nature of this motion and the geophysical mechanisms responsible for it. A complete analysis of these causes requires a discussion of solid Earth physics, magnetohydrodynamics, oceanography and meteorology. The study of the Earth's rotation is therefore of interest not only to astronomers who wish to explain their observations, but also to many geophysicists who use the astronomers' observations to understand better the Earth's response to a variety of applied forces. The author emphasizes the important contributions made over the last 15 years, this progress being in part a consequence of the overall progress in geophysics and planetary physics and of the developments in space science and technology, which not only require that the Earth's motion be precisely known but which also have provided new and precise methods for monitoring this motion. This book is suitable for geophysicists, astronomers and geodesists who are actively engaged in research as well as for graduate students.

Instability of flows and their transition to turbulence are widespread phenomena in engineering and the natural environment, and are important in applied mathematics, astrophysics, biology, geophysics, meteorology, oceanography and physics as well as engineering. This is a textbook to introduce these phenomena at a level suitable for a graduate course, by modelling them mathematically, and describing numerical simulations and laboratory experiments. The visualization of instabilities is emphasized, with many figures, and in references to more still and moving pictures. The relation of chaos to transition is discussed at length. Many worked examples and exercises for students illustrate the ideas of the text. Readers are assumed to be fluent in linear algebra, advanced calculus, elementary theory of ordinary differential equations, complex variables and the elements of fluid mechanics. The book is aimed at graduate students but will also be very useful for specialists in other fields.

This book describes the remarkable connections that exist between the classical differential geometry of surfaces and modern soliton theory. The authors also explore the extensive body of literature from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by such eminent geometers as Bianchi, Darboux, Bäcklund, and Eisenhart on transformations of privileged classes of surfaces which leave key geometric properties unchanged. Prominent amongst these are Bäcklund-Darboux transformations with their remarkable associated nonlinear superposition principles and importance in soliton theory. It is with these transformations and the links they afford between the classical differential geometry of surfaces and the nonlinear equations of soliton theory that the present text is concerned. In this geometric context, solitonic equations arise out of the Gauß-Mainardi-Codazzi equations for various types of surfaces that admit invariance under Bäcklund-Darboux transformations. This text is appropriate for use at a higher undergraduate or graduate level for applied mathematicians or mathematical physics.

Providing a basic foundation for advanced graduate study and research in the mechanics of solids, this 2004 treatise contains a systematic development of the fundamentals of finite inelastic deformations of heterogeneous materials. The book combines the mathematical rigour of solid mechanics with the physics-based micro-structural understanding of the material science, to present a coherent picture of finite inelastic deformation of single and polycrystalline metals, over broad ranges of strain rates and temperatures. It also includes a similarly rigourous and experimentally based development of the quasi-static deformation of cohesionless granular materials that support the applied loads through contact friction. Every effort has been made to provide a thorough treatment of the subject, rendering the book accessible to students in solid mechanics and in the mechanics of materials. This book integrates rigourous mathematical description of finite deformations seamlessly with mechanisms based on micromechanics in order to produce useful results with relevance to practical problems.