Manfred Hammerl – författare

Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 2, University of Graz (Institut fur Technologie- und Innovationsmanagement), course: Seminar Ausgewahlte Aspekte des Innovationsmanagements, language: English, abstract: For economists (and also sociologists or psychologists) - no matter if they are students,practitioners or researchers the behavior of individuals, groups or entire organizations (e. g. companies) under special circumstances like threat, adversity or radical environmental changeis an important issue. For researchers to find underlying principles of behavior under threatand for practitioners to learn some basic rules for behaving in changing environments. Imagine a winter in our alps without any snow. There have always been times with less snow. In such case snow making machines did their job and sprinkled the slope with artificial snow. The lesser snow the more snow making machines was the easy calculus in past years. So willthere be an even larger number of snow making machines on the slopes if there is absolutelyno snow due to global warming and the upcoming climate crisis? Or will there somealternatives be developed? According to an recent article in DerStandard (16. december 2006,p. 2), wintertourism has to change its face, additional offers have to be presented, away formski and snowboard toward wellness, mountain biking or hiking. So what will entrepreneurs inskiing resorts do? Will the rely on well-learned behavior and put another snow makingmachine beside the slope, or will they consider alternatives?There are numerous studies treating behavior under threat or radical change of environmentalconditions. Six papers among them the basic paper for this work, Staw et al s1 analysis ofthreat-rigidity effects in organizational behavior will subsequently be examined with regardto consistencies or contradictions. As already mentioned, Staw et al s paper will be regardedas the basis for this seminar paper, as it points out most clearly threat-rigidity effects atdifferent levels of analysis. Moreover it is 1.) the oldest reviewed article and seems to havesome influence on threat-rigidity research in recent decades and 2.) represents acomprehensive literature review in contrast to the other mainly empirical papers andtherefore presents a fine overview for our topic. Therefore chapter two will start with briefdiscussions of the Threat-Rigidity Hypothesis and Threat-Rigidity Effects on the individualleve,group-level and organizational-level as described in Staw et. al s paper.

In vielen sozialwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen wurde mittlerweile das Potential der Darwinischen Evolutionstheorie erkannt und nicht selten hat diese Rezeption auch zur Herausbildung neuer Forschungsfelder geführt. So haben sich beispielsweise die Evolutionäre Psychologie, Evolutionäre Soziologie oder Evolutionäre Demografie als eigenständige Disziplinen etabliert und können als Evolutionäre Sozialwissenschaften zusammengefasst werden. Ausgewählte Konzepte und Anwendungsfelder der Evolutionären Sozialwissenschaften werden im vorliegenden Buch behandelt. Es wird dabei zu einem interdisziplinären Rundgang eingeladen, der unter anderem über die Disziplinen Psychologie, Soziologie, Familienwissenschaft, Verhaltensgenetik, Demografie, Geschichtswissenschaft, Spieltheorie bis hin zur Archäologie führt.Das Buch gliedert sich in zwei Teile. Im ersten Teil finden sich Beiträge, welche allgemein verständlich in die Forschungsfelder und zentralen Konzepte der Evolutionären Sozialwissenschaften einführen. Der zweite Teil beinhaltet Beiträge, die sich aus einer evolutionären Betrachtungsweise heraus einzelnen Fragestellungen widmen.Zielgruppe des Buches sind Sozialwissenschaftlerinnen und Sozialwissenschaftler sowie Studierende, welche sich mit der evolutionären Perspektive in den Sozialwissenschaften auseinandersetzen möchten.

In many social science disciplines, the potential of Darwinian evolution theory has now been recognized, and this reception has often led to the emergence of new fields of research. For example, Evolutionary Psychology, Evolutionary Sociology, and Evolutionary Demography have established themselves as independent disciplines and can be summarized as Evolutionary Social Sciences. Selected concepts and application areas of the Evolutionary Social Sciences are addressed in this book. It invites readers on an interdisciplinary tour that spans disciplines such as psychology, sociology, family studies, behavioral genetics, demography, history, game theory, and archaeology.The book is divided into two parts. The first part includes contributions that provide an accessible introduction to the research fields and central concepts of the Evolutionary Social Sciences. The second part contains contributions that address specific questions from an evolutionary perspective.The target audience for the book includes social scientists and students who wish to engage with the evolutionary perspective in the social sciences.