Mark Finkelstein – författare
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22 produkter
22 produkter
Inbunden, Engelska, 1997
1 619 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, based on the 18th Symposium, held in Gatlinburg, TN, May 5-9, 1996, leading researchers from academia, industry, and government present state-of-the-art research results and promising new concepts on the use of biotechnology to produce fuels and chemicals competitively. The Eighteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals covers the development of new biological agents (such as enzymes or microbes) to carry out targeted conversions, in addition to actual bioprocess development. Topics range from improvements in enzymes to fundamental insights into substrate enzyme interactions and photosynthesis, and from conversions of substrates using biological agents to combinations of chemical engineering, biological sciences, and fermentation technology. Agricultural crops, such as corn and corn fiber, as well as woody biomass and lignocellulosic wastes, are investigated for use in process feedstocks, including pretreatment studies. Also treated are a variety of potential bioconversion products, including fumaric acid, succinic acid, methane, enzymes, glucuronic acid, and biodiesel fuel.
1 910 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
MARK FINKELSTEIN National Renewable Energy Laboratory BRIAN H. DAVISON Oak Ridge National Laboratory The proceedings of the 19th symposium on Biotechnologyfor Fuels and Chemicals, held in Colorado Springs, Colorado, May 4-8, 1997, had over 200 attendees. This meeting continues to provide a unique forum for the presentation of new applications and recent research advances in the production of fuels and chemicals through biotech nology. The utilization of renewable resources, and in particular cellulosic biomass, has broad implications in today's world of green house gases, global warming, ozone layers, climate change, energy sustainability, and carbon emissions. It also has relevance to the chemical industry's continuing need to both lower current chemi cal production costs and produce novel chemicals. Biotechnology and bioprocessing are now making it possible to convert this bio mass to fuels and chemicals in a commercially attractive fashion. The 19th Symposium captures a wide range of technical topics from an academic, industrial, or government perspective. A vari ety of biomass feedstocks are discussed in Session 1, along with several updated and innovative pretreatment processing approaches. The ability to turn lignocellulosic materials into simple sugars offers great opportunities to generate cost-effective feed stocks to be used in biotechnological processes for the production of fuels and chemicals. Through the advent of genetic engineering, the development of a series of exciting new biocatalysts and microbes were presented in Session 2.
1 910 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
In Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, leading researchers from academia, industry, and government offer surveys and reviews of their cutting-edge research and latest applications in the production of fuels and chemicals through biotechnology. The book's focus is on how best to improve and optimize these technologies and their economics to produce the fuels and chemicals so vital to many industrial sectors. Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals isbased on major new studies presented at the 20th Symposium, held in Gatlinburg, TN, May 3 7, 1998, covers an impressively wide range of topics, including new fuel supplies, the processing of feedstocks, and applied biological and bioprocessing research. Also discussed is work on emerging technologies for industrial chemicals, bioprocessing evaluation and confirmation, enzymatic processes and enzyme production, bioconversion, novel plants, separation, economics, and scaleup issues. The conference demonstrated once again its signal success in bringing basic research productively to bear on industrial bioprocessing for both fuels and chemicals.
Häftad, Engelska, 2000
1 082 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
153 posters. While plant biotechnology for enzyme production and designer biomass merged as "hot topics" throughout the Symposium, the preface for each session is included in the introductions. Special topic discussions were led on "Brazilian Bioethanol Progress" by Gisella Zanin, State University of Maringa, Brazil, and on "Nontradi tional Bioprocessing" by Gene Petersen, National Renewable Energy Labo ratory, Golden, CO. A tour of the Colorado Bioprocessing Center, a "state of the art" con tract research facility at Colorado State University highlighted the process development and scale-up activities ongoing with several industrial clients. The 1999 Charles D. Scott Award for Distinguished Contributions in the field of Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals was presented to Dr. Charles E. Wyman, Dartmouth College professor, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire. This award is named in honor of Dr. Charles D. Scott, the founder of this Symposium and its chair for the first ten years.
E-bok
PDF, Engelska, 20122 840 kr
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The increased attendance required concurrent sessions for the 48 oral presentations and 190 submitted posters (for more details see Website: www.ct.ornl.gov/symposium). Attendees came from Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, India, Japan, Korea, Mexico, The Netherlands, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, and Ven ezuela, as well as from the United States. This international perspective was continued in a Special Topic Ses sion sponsored by the International Energy Agency (lEA) Bioenergy Pro gram on Biofuels and chaired by Jack Saddler and David Gregg from the University of British Columbia. Several of the 10 member countries in this network are approaching Demonstrations of the Biomass-to-Ethanol pro cess and have a range of more fundamental projects that look at various aspects of pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and lignin utilization. Presenters from several of the participating countries described their country''s biomass-to-ethanol projects, and differential factors such as the type of biomass available, the maturity of the wood or agricultural processing industry, and the willingness of government to bear the risk/ cost of development and demonstration.
E-bok
PDF, Engelska, 20122 049 kr
Läs direkt efter köp
With the Twenty-Third Symposium, we sustained the tradition of providing an informal, congenial atmosphere that our participants find conducive to pursuing technical discussion of program topics. The techni cal program consisted of six sessions with 38 oral presentations, a roundtable forum, two special topic discussions and a poster session con sisting of 230 posters. A special luncheon talk on "Natural Capitalism" by Karl Rabago of the Rocky Mountain Institute was particularly enlightening. More infor mation on these provocative approaches to resources and societal needs can be found at their website, www.rmi.org. While plant biotechnology and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for enzyme production and designer biomass emerged as exciting areas throughout the Symposium, the frank exchange in the special topic sessions indicated the importance of thinking beyond the purely technical details in this important research area. The preface for each session is included in the introductions. Session Chairpersons and Co-Chairpersons Session 1: Advances in Biomass Production and Processing Chair: Sharon Shoemaker, University of California, Davis, CA Co-Chair: David Boron, US Department of Energy, Washington DC Session 2: Enzyme and Microbial Biocatalysts Chair: Elba Bon, Chemistry Institute, UFRI, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Co-Chair: Steve Picataggio, Dupont Central, Wilmington, DE Session 3: Bioprocess Research and Development Chair: Guido Zacchi, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden Co-Chair: Mark Holtzapple, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX Session 4: Oil and Ethanol: An Excellent Mix? Chair: Carol Tombari, Mountain Energy Consultation LLC, Conifer, CO Session 5: Emerging Biorefinery Opportunities
E-bok
PDF, Engelska, 20122 049 kr
Läs direkt efter köp
E-bok
PDF, Engelska, 20121 416 kr
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153 posters. While plant biotechnology for enzyme production and designer biomass merged as "hot topics" throughout the Symposium, the preface for each session is included in the introductions. Special topic discussions were led on "Brazilian Bioethanol Progress" by Gisella Zanin, State University of Maringa, Brazil, and on "Nontradi tional Bioprocessing" by Gene Petersen, National Renewable Energy Labo ratory, Golden, CO. A tour of the Colorado Bioprocessing Center, a "state of the art" con tract research facility at Colorado State University highlighted the process development and scale-up activities ongoing with several industrial clients. The 1999 Charles D. Scott Award for Distinguished Contributions in the field of Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals was presented to Dr. Charles E. Wyman, Dartmouth College professor, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire. This award is named in honor of Dr. Charles D. Scott, the founder of this Symposium and its chair for the first ten years.
2 049 kr
Läs direkt efter köp
active industrial participation in the organizing committee. Recently, the conference has begun a regular informal industrial roundtable (Session 4). This has become very popular as it allows industrial participants to speak more openly. For a broader perspective, R. James Woolsey, Former Direc tor of Central Intelligence Agency, gave an after-dinner address on "Wagon Trains for the 21st Century: The Role for Biorefineries. " He urged the attendees of the importance of their efforts to develop renewable, benign processes for the United States and the world based on both security and prosperity reasons. These related to energy supply, support of domestic agriculture, global warming, and other issues. With the Twentieth Symposium, we continued the tradition of pro viding an informal, congenial atmosphere that our participants find condu cive to pursuing technical discussion of program topics. The technical program consisted of 35 oral presentations, a roundtable forum, two spe cial topic discussions, and a poster session of 133 posters. This year, tech nical topics included: Session 1: Feedstocks: New Supplies and Processing Session 2: Applied Biological Research Session 3: Bioprocessing Research Session 4: Emerging Opportunities for Industrial Chemicals Session 5: Bioprocess Evaluation and Confirmation Session 6: Enzymatic Processes and Enzyme Production Special topic discussions were held on "Defining the Future Separa tions Needs Derived from Bioprocessing" by Earl Beaver, Monsanto Com pany, St.
E-bok
PDF, Engelska, 20122 049 kr
Läs direkt efter köp
MARK FINKELSTEIN National Renewable Energy Laboratory BRIAN H. DAVISON Oak Ridge National Laboratory The proceedings of the 19th symposium on Biotechnologyfor Fuels and Chemicals, held in Colorado Springs, Colorado, May 4-8, 1997, had over 200 attendees. This meeting continues to provide a unique forum for the presentation of new applications and recent research advances in the production of fuels and chemicals through biotech nology. The utilization of renewable resources, and in particular cellulosic biomass, has broad implications in today''s world of green house gases, global warming, ozone layers, climate change, energy sustainability, and carbon emissions. It also has relevance to the chemical industry''s continuing need to both lower current chemi cal production costs and produce novel chemicals. Biotechnology and bioprocessing are now making it possible to convert this bio mass to fuels and chemicals in a commercially attractive fashion. The 19th Symposium captures a wide range of technical topics from an academic, industrial, or government perspective. A vari ety of biomass feedstocks are discussed in Session 1, along with several updated and innovative pretreatment processing approaches. The ability to turn lignocellulosic materials into simple sugars offers great opportunities to generate cost-effective feed stocks to be used in biotechnological processes for the production of fuels and chemicals. Through the advent of genetic engineering, the development of a series of exciting new biocatalysts and microbes were presented in Session 2.
E-bok
PDF, Engelska, 20122 049 kr
Läs direkt efter köp
BRIAN H. DAVISON Oak Ridge National Laboratory MARK FINKELSTEIN National Renewable Energy Laboratory CHARLES E. WYMAN Oak Ridge National Laboratory The Eighteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemi cals continues to provide a forum for the presentation of research results and the exchange of ideas on advances in biotechnology for the produc tion of fuels and chemicals. Although the emphasis is on utilization of renewable resources, the scope of the Symposium is broader than this and includes bioconversion of fossil fuels and syngas and the new area of conversions in nonaqueous environments; these areas were discussed in Session 5 and in a Special Topic Discussion Group at the Symposium. In addition, recent developments in bioremediation were well represented in Session 6 and in the poster session. The Symposium involved both the development of new biological agents (such as enzymes or microbes) to carry out targeted conversions as well as bioprocess development. The first area covered improvements in enzymes as well as fundamental insights into substrate-enzyme inter actions and photosynthesis. The latter area focused on converting one material into another using biological agents through combinations of chemical engineering, biological sciences, and fermentation technology. This area also refers to an overall processing involving at least one bio logically catalyzed step in combination with other physical and/ or chemi cal processing operations. Agricultural crops, such as corn and corn fiber as well as woody biomass and lignocellulosic wastes, are emphasized for process feedstocks and their pretreatment investigated.
Häftad, Engelska, 2013
2 157 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
Presenters from several of the participating countries described their country's biomass-to-ethanol projects, and differential factors such as the type of biomass available, the maturity of the wood or agricultural processing industry, and the willingness of government to bear the risk/ cost of development and demonstration.
1 910 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
With the Twenty-Third Symposium, we sustained the tradition of providing an informal, congenial atmosphere that our participants find conducive to pursuing technical discussion of program topics. The techni cal program consisted of six sessions with 38 oral presentations, a roundtable forum, two special topic discussions and a poster session con sisting of 230 posters. A special luncheon talk on "Natural Capitalism" by Karl Rabago of the Rocky Mountain Institute was particularly enlightening. More infor mation on these provocative approaches to resources and societal needs can be found at their website, www.rmi.org. While plant biotechnology and genetically modified organisms (GMOs) for enzyme production and designer biomass emerged as exciting areas throughout the Symposium, the frank exchange in the special topic sessions indicated the importance of thinking beyond the purely technical details in this important research area. The preface for each session is included in the introductions. Session Chairpersons and Co-Chairpersons Session 1: Advances in Biomass Production and Processing Chair: Sharon Shoemaker, University of California, Davis, CA Co-Chair: David Boron, US Department of Energy, Washington DC Session 2: Enzyme and Microbial Biocatalysts Chair: Elba Bon, Chemistry Institute, UFRI, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Co-Chair: Steve Picataggio, Dupont Central, Wilmington, DE Session 3: Bioprocess Research and Development Chair: Guido Zacchi, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden Co-Chair: Mark Holtzapple, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX Session 4: Oil and Ethanol: An Excellent Mix? Chair: Carol Tombari, Mountain Energy Consultation LLC, Conifer, CO Session 5: Emerging Biorefinery Opportunities
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
1 619 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
lysts using enzyme, microbial, and plantbiochemistriesand genetic engi- neeringand "ProcessingResearch" describedtheconversionofplantcom- ponentsviaintegrationofmicrobiology,biochemistry,andchemistrywith engineering, separations, and hybrid systems. The "Enzymatic Processes and Enzyme Production" session focused on the manufacture and use of enzymes. The"IndustrialChemicals"sessionemphasizedrecentdevelop- mentsintheintegratedproductionandscale-upofchemicalsfrombiologi- cal rather than petrochemical routes. Special interest was on separation methods and their integrationintonew fermentation orhybrid processes. 35 oral presentations, a roundtable The technical program consisted of forum, two special topic discussions, and a poster session of 135 posters. Wecontinuedasuccessfulinformalroundtableserieswith"Bioenergy and Bioproducts: Forum on Recent Government Initiatives," which dis- cussedthePresident'sExecutiveOrder, the BioenergyInitiative, the Tech- nology Roadmap for Renewables Vision 2020, and other thrusts. These eventscontinuethe strongindustrial focus and activeindustrialparticipa- tionintheorganizingcommittee.Thishasbecomeverypopularbecauseit allows industrialand government participants to speakmore openly. AspecialTopicsDiscussionGroupwasheldon"C0 Sequestration," 2 ledby James W. Lee. Another onwas held on "Commercializationof Bio- mass-to-Ethanol" where chairs Jack N. Saddler and David J. Gregg made thegoal ofthisworkshop to showparticipantsthatweare close to demon- stratingthe technicalviability ofanintegratedbiomass-to-ethanolprocess and that progressive technical advances and policy decisions will likely greatly enhance the economic attractiveness of the process.
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
1 082 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
153 posters. While plant biotechnology for enzyme production and designer biomass merged as "hot topics" throughout the Symposium, the preface for each session is included in the introductions. Special topic discussions were led on "Brazilian Bioethanol Progress" by Gisella Zanin, State University of Maringa, Brazil, and on "Nontradi tional Bioprocessing" by Gene Petersen, National Renewable Energy Labo ratory, Golden, CO. A tour of the Colorado Bioprocessing Center, a "state of the art" con tract research facility at Colorado State University highlighted the process development and scale-up activities ongoing with several industrial clients. The 1999 Charles D. Scott Award for Distinguished Contributions in the field of Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals was presented to Dr. Charles E. Wyman, Dartmouth College professor, Thayer School of Engineering, Hanover, New Hampshire. This award is named in honor of Dr. Charles D. Scott, the founder of this Symposium and its chair for the first ten years.
1 619 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
active industrial participation in the organizing committee. Recently, the conference has begun a regular informal industrial roundtable (Session 4). This has become very popular as it allows industrial participants to speak more openly. For a broader perspective, R. James Woolsey, Former Direc tor of Central Intelligence Agency, gave an after-dinner address on "Wagon Trains for the 21st Century: The Role for Biorefineries. " He urged the attendees of the importance of their efforts to develop renewable, benign processes for the United States and the world based on both security and prosperity reasons. These related to energy supply, support of domestic agriculture, global warming, and other issues. With the Twentieth Symposium, we continued the tradition of pro viding an informal, congenial atmosphere that our participants find condu cive to pursuing technical discussion of program topics. The technical program consisted of 35 oral presentations, a roundtable forum, two spe cial topic discussions, and a poster session of 133 posters. This year, tech nical topics included: Session 1: Feedstocks: New Supplies and Processing Session 2: Applied Biological Research Session 3: Bioprocessing Research Session 4: Emerging Opportunities for Industrial Chemicals Session 5: Bioprocess Evaluation and Confirmation Session 6: Enzymatic Processes and Enzyme Production Special topic discussions were held on "Defining the Future Separa tions Needs Derived from Bioprocessing" by Earl Beaver, Monsanto Com pany, St.
Häftad, Engelska, 2012
1 619 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
MARK FINKELSTEIN National Renewable Energy Laboratory BRIAN H. DAVISON Oak Ridge National Laboratory The proceedings of the 19th symposium on Biotechnologyfor Fuels and Chemicals, held in Colorado Springs, Colorado, May 4-8, 1997, had over 200 attendees. This meeting continues to provide a unique forum for the presentation of new applications and recent research advances in the production of fuels and chemicals through biotech nology. The utilization of renewable resources, and in particular cellulosic biomass, has broad implications in today's world of green house gases, global warming, ozone layers, climate change, energy sustainability, and carbon emissions. It also has relevance to the chemical industry's continuing need to both lower current chemi cal production costs and produce novel chemicals. Biotechnology and bioprocessing are now making it possible to convert this bio mass to fuels and chemicals in a commercially attractive fashion. The 19th Symposium captures a wide range of technical topics from an academic, industrial, or government perspective. A vari ety of biomass feedstocks are discussed in Session 1, along with several updated and innovative pretreatment processing approaches. The ability to turn lignocellulosic materials into simple sugars offers great opportunities to generate cost-effective feed stocks to be used in biotechnological processes for the production of fuels and chemicals. Through the advent of genetic engineering, the development of a series of exciting new biocatalysts and microbes were presented in Session 2.
Häftad, Engelska, 2011
1 619 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
BRIAN H. DAVISON Oak Ridge National Laboratory MARK FINKELSTEIN National Renewable Energy Laboratory CHARLES E. WYMAN Oak Ridge National Laboratory The Eighteenth Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemi cals continues to provide a forum for the presentation of research results and the exchange of ideas on advances in biotechnology for the produc tion of fuels and chemicals. Although the emphasis is on utilization of renewable resources, the scope of the Symposium is broader than this and includes bioconversion of fossil fuels and syngas and the new area of conversions in nonaqueous environments; these areas were discussed in Session 5 and in a Special Topic Discussion Group at the Symposium. In addition, recent developments in bioremediation were well represented in Session 6 and in the poster session. The Symposium involved both the development of new biological agents (such as enzymes or microbes) to carry out targeted conversions as well as bioprocess development. The first area covered improvements in enzymes as well as fundamental insights into substrate-enzyme inter actions and photosynthesis. The latter area focused on converting one material into another using biological agents through combinations of chemical engineering, biological sciences, and fermentation technology. This area also refers to an overall processing involving at least one bio logically catalyzed step in combination with other physical and/ or chemi cal processing operations. Agricultural crops, such as corn and corn fiber as well as woody biomass and lignocellulosic wastes, are emphasized for process feedstocks and their pretreatment investigated.
2 544 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
th With the 25 Symposium, we continued the tradition of providing an informal, congenial atmosphere that our participants found conducive to discussing technical program topics. This year's topics included: Session lA Feedstock Supply, Logistics, Processing, and Composition Session IB Enzyme Catalysis and Engineering Session 2 Microbial Catalysis and Engineering Session 3 Bioprocessing including Separations Session 4 Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals-Past, Present, and Future Session 5 Biobased Industrial Chemicals Session 6A Biomass Pretreatment and Hydrolysis Session 6B Plant Biotechnology and Feedstock Genomics Special Topics A Microbial Pentose Metabolism Special Topics B International Bioenergy Agency Bioethanol Meeting A summary of these sessions is included at the beginning of each section of the Proceedings. The technical core of the Symposium remains the creation, manipulation, and practical use of new biocatalysts to pro- duce useful fuels and chemicals. This was shown in both fundamental science discoveries as well as progress reports from commercialization efforts.However, we have continued to expand interest into the bio- feedstock (plant genomics, production, and pretreatment). While the pro- duction of sugars from biomass and their subsequent bioconversion into chemicals remains the dominant thrust, areas such as gasification and direct production in plants were presented. The use of molecular biology and genomics to provide new biocatalysts as well as understanding the fundamentals of the microbes, enzymes, and biomass has increased the likely achievement of both near and long-term commercialization goals. This year Dr. J.
Inbunden, Engelska, 2001
1 619 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
lysts using enzyme, microbial, and plantbiochemistriesand genetic engi- neeringand "ProcessingResearch" describedtheconversionofplantcom- ponentsviaintegrationofmicrobiology,biochemistry,andchemistrywith engineering, separations, and hybrid systems. The "Enzymatic Processes and Enzyme Production" session focused on the manufacture and use of enzymes. The"IndustrialChemicals"sessionemphasizedrecentdevelop- mentsintheintegratedproductionandscale-upofchemicalsfrombiologi- cal rather than petrochemical routes. Special interest was on separation methods and their integrationintonew fermentation orhybrid processes. 35 oral presentations, a roundtable The technical program consisted of forum, two special topic discussions, and a poster session of 135 posters. Wecontinuedasuccessfulinformalroundtableserieswith"Bioenergy and Bioproducts: Forum on Recent Government Initiatives," which dis- cussedthePresident'sExecutiveOrder, the BioenergyInitiative, the Tech- nology Roadmap for Renewables Vision 2020, and other thrusts. These eventscontinuethe strongindustrial focus and activeindustrialparticipa- tionintheorganizingcommittee.Thishasbecomeverypopularbecauseit allows industrialand government participants to speakmore openly. AspecialTopicsDiscussionGroupwasheldon"C0 Sequestration," 2 ledby James W. Lee. Another onwas held on "Commercializationof Bio- mass-to-Ethanol" where chairs Jack N. Saddler and David J. Gregg made thegoal ofthisworkshop to showparticipantsthatweare close to demon- stratingthe technicalviability ofanintegratedbiomass-to-ethanolprocess and that progressive technical advances and policy decisions will likely greatly enhance the economic attractiveness of the process.
1 910 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
In The Twenty-Third Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, leading US and international researchers from academia, industry, and government present state-of-the-art research on how biotechnology is being used to produce economically competitive fuels and chemicals. The articles range from a discussion of advances in biomass production and processing, to commercialization of bio-based products. Additional topics include enzyme and microbial biocatalysts, bioprocessing research and development, the pros and cons of mixing oil and ethanol, and emerging biorefinery opportunities. The field continues to expand, and the ideas and techniques described will play important roles in developing new biological processes for producing fuels and chemicals on a large scale, and for reducing pollution and waste disposal problems, and their adverse impacts on global climate change. Cutting-edge and authoritative, The Twenty-Third Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals provides an excellent overview of current research and development in the production of commodity fuels and chemicals via biological transformation.
2 619 kr
Skickas inom 10-15 vardagar
The increased attendance required concurrent sessions for the 48 oral presentations and 190 submitted posters (for more details see Website: www.ct.ornl.gov/symposium). Attendees came from Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Hungary, India, Japan, Korea, Mexico, The Netherlands, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, and Ven ezuela, as well as from the United States. This international perspective was continued in a Special Topic Ses sion sponsored by the International Energy Agency (lEA) Bioenergy Pro gram on Biofuels and chaired by Jack Saddler and David Gregg from the University of British Columbia. Several of the 10 member countries in this network are approaching Demonstrations of the Biomass-to-Ethanol pro cess and have a range of more fundamental projects that look at various aspects of pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, and lignin utilization. Presenters from several of the participating countries described their country's biomass-to-ethanol projects, and differential factors such as the type of biomass available, the maturity of the wood or agricultural processing industry, and the willingness of government to bear the risk/ cost of development and demonstration.