Maureen McKelvey - Böcker

This book examines the initial commercial uses of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is one of the most modern, controversial and dynamic of the science based technologies. It is not an object but a set of techniques or way of doing things. The development of these techniques from the 1970s onwards illustrates the changing relationships between research oriented toward basic science and research oriented towards commercial uses, and between universities and firms.The main focus of the book is on two firms - Genentech in the United States and Kabi in Sweden and their activities and `knowledge seeking' behaviour in the development of human growth hormone and how those ran in parallel with university science.As well as providing a remarkably clear account of these developments (the book includes a chapter on the basics of biotechnology for the lay person), McKelvey also provides a fresh contribution to our understanding of innovation processes by using the evolutionary metaphor to interpret patterns of change where novelty, transmission, and selection are important elements, and the knowledge seeking behaviour of firms and other agents are critical for survival and development.The book will be of considerable interest to a wide audience concerned to understand the complexities of innovation processes in the `knowledge society' - management and organization researchers, economists, policy advisers, managers and strategists responsible for turning knowledge into product and profit.Endorsements:`Maureen McKelvey's study of the rise of modern biotechnology as a field of science, and particularly of the work which led to the commercial introduction of human insulin and growth hormones, provides a wonderful window into the history. If this study was merely that, it would be an important work. But it is more. McKelvey's study is a major addition to the growing collection of detailed technological histories that are gradually giving scholars of technological advance understanding of the key processes involved. Her treatment of technological advance in this area as an evolutionary process is an important contribution advancing that way of conceptualizing how technologies develop.' Richard R. Nelson, Columbia University`It is fascinating to read Maureen McKelvey's study recounting the development of recombinant DNA-based biotechnology as a rising industry ... fifteen years after participating in the rDNA human growth hormone and insulin projects and I am still excited reading this book.' Norm S. Lin, Senior Scientist, Cell Culture and Fermentation Research and Process Development, Genentech, Inc.

This book examines the initial commercial uses of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is one of the most modern, controversial and dynamic of the science-based technologies. It is not an object, but a set of techniques or way of doing things. The development of these technologies from the 1970s onwards illustrates the changing relationships between universities and firms, and between basic science and research oriented towards commercial uses. The main focus of the book is on two firms–Genentech in the United States and Kabi in Sweden and their activities and 'knowledge-seeking' behaviour in the development of human growth hormone and how those ran in parallel with university science. IEvolutionary Innovations was awarded the Schumpeter Society book proze in 1996. This paperback edition includes a new introduction in which the author reflects upon the most recent developments in biotechnology. The book will be of interest to a wide audience concerned to understand the complexities of innovation processes in the 'knowledge society', for example, management and organization researchers, economists, policy advisors, and managers and strategists responsible for turning knowledge into product and profit.

Interactions between business, technological, public policy, and organization processes are changing the way modern economies work. In this book the concept of 'change' is problematized in terms of flexibility and stability across these processes, examining the central issues of industrial dynamics, structural change, and transformation. It adopts a perspective of the economy that sees it as an inherently dynamic and complex system, consisting of diverse components and activities, which interact and change in different ways over time. This means placing an emphasis not only on economic transformation, but also on the diverse actors in this transformation who are deciding, doing, and acting in ways which affect the outcomes of this change.Chapters are grouped within three themes, which readers will find are core to the fields of innovation studies, industrial dynamics, and evolutionary economics: Experimenting and Inertia; Evolution and Adaptation of Structure; and Innovating and Technological Transformation.

Knowledge intensive entrepreneurship lies at the core of the structural shift necessary for the growth and development of a knowledge based economy, yet research reveals that the EU has fewer young leading innovators, and Europe’s new firms do not adequately contribute to industrial growth. This is especially true in the high R&D intensive, high-tech sectors. This structural malaise, undermining Europe’s growth potential, is well diagnosed, but poorly understood. This volume fills this important gap by exploring new firms that have significant knowledge intensity in their activity and develop and exploit innovative opportunities in diverse sectors. Through an evolutionary and systemic approach to entrepreneurship, focusing on knowledge intensive entrepreneurship as both a micro and a macro phenomena and analyzing firms in the context of various socio-economic models, the authors explore firms creation and origins around the world, their organization, strategies and business models as well as the role of innovation systems and institutions in their formation and growth.This comprehensive research text is vital reading for academics, researchers and students of high-tech and knowledge intensive entrepreneurship as well as those with an interest in industrial dynamics, innovation management and public policy.

Knowledge intensive entrepreneurship lies at the core of the structural shift necessary for the growth and development of a knowledge based economy, yet research reveals that the EU has fewer young leading innovators, and Europe’s new firms do not adequately contribute to industrial growth. This is especially true in the high R&D intensive, high-tech sectors. This structural malaise, undermining Europe’s growth potential, is well diagnosed, but poorly understood. This volume fills this important gap by exploring new firms that have significant knowledge intensity in their activity and develop and exploit innovative opportunities in diverse sectors. Through an evolutionary and systemic approach to entrepreneurship, focusing on knowledge intensive entrepreneurship as both a micro and a macro phenomena and analyzing firms in the context of various socio-economic models, the authors explore firms creation and origins around the world, their organization, strategies and business models as well as the role of innovation systems and institutions in their formation and growth.This comprehensive research text is vital reading for academics, researchers and students of high-tech and knowledge intensive entrepreneurship as well as those with an interest in industrial dynamics, innovation management and public policy.

How Entrepreneurs Do What They Do presents 13 case studies of knowledge intensive entrepreneurship. The book focuses on 'doing', in essence, what happens when entrepreneurs are engaging practically in venture creation processes.Case studies can be used as a key element in learning and understanding what really occurs, as well as for illustrating theoretical points. This insightful book provides a series of in-depth case studies of knowledge intensive entrepreneurship from different industries to elucidate relevant phenomena and topics. They focus upon the venture creation process, involving close interactions between the individual, the company, and the external eco-system and environment. The cases primarily provide a managerial perspective on the process, from the sources of ideas, through opportunities and strategies, to outcomes and interactions with external networks.This enriching book will be relevant to academics and practitioners, as well as advanced students. The suggestions for further reflections can be used as inspiration for class discussions, Master thesis projects, academic research projects or stimulating successful entrepreneurship.Contributors: A.-S. Axelsson, R. Bekkers, L. Bordoli, J. Brink, O. Broberg, M.M. Godinho, J. Laage-Hellman, A.H. Lassen, D. Ljungberg, R. Mamede, M. McKelvey, C.R. Østergaard, E. Park, A. Rosa, G. Sjöblom, D. Slepniov, S. Szücs, B. Timmermans, B.V. Waehrens, O. Zaring, Y. Zhu

This original and exciting work differs from existing books on entrepreneurship by focusing specifically on the relationship between knowledge and entrepreneurship.The book uniquely combines an academic review of theoretical and empirical contributions with an analysis of the practical implications for engaging in and learning about venture creation. The authors concentrate on specific types of firms reliant upon advanced knowledge and show how a systemic perspective of entrepreneurship is required, involving design thinking, in order to capture the relationships between individual, venture and eco-system.Managing Knowledge Intensive Entrepreneurship will be insightful for academics and practitioners, as well as advanced students on entrepreneurship courses.Contents: Preface 1. Introduction 2. The KIE Creation Model 3. Accessing Resources and Ideas 4. Managing and Developing the Knowledge Intensive Entrepreneurship Venture 5. Evaluating Performance and Outputs 6. Design Thinking as a Tool for Entrepreneurship 7. Societal Impacts of Knowledge Intensive Entrepreneurship and the Role of Public Policy Appendix References Index

Innovation Spaces in Asia provides insight into how and why Asia is poised to impact global innovation. Asia is undergoing rapid developments in markets, sources of technology and user preferences. This book provides an empirical understanding and initial conceptualization of these dynamic processes, including the role of multinational enterprises, entrepreneurship and public policy.The accomplished contributors explore case studies of entrepreneurs and large companies in Asia in order to discuss the ways in which customers, institutions and firms, both domestic and foreign, are interacting to affect global processes of innovation and production. Innovation spaces are analyzed within Asian countries and firms, from Asia to the world, and from the world to Asian countries.Students and researchers pursuing innovation, international business and entrepreneurship will find this to be a useful read. This book will also be of interest to innovation managers and public policy practitioners looking for a thorough guide on the topic.Contributors: S. Bagchi-Sen, E. Bourelos, X. Chen, G. Cheng, E. Deiaco, P. Fan, E. Gifford, S.J. Haakonsson, M. Holgersson, C. Jeding, J. Jin, P. Kedron, K. Lagerström, A.H. Lassen, R. Lema, X. Liu, M. McKelvey, T.A. Meraxa, T. Schunder, R. Schweizer, D. Slepniov, Y. Wang, O. Zaring, Z. Zhang

Focusing on knowledge-intensive and innovative entrepreneurial firms and multinationals, this book explains how Chinese firms are increasingly developing innovative capabilities and engaging in globalization. As Chinese firms become world-leaders in their markets and household names internationally, this timely book examines innovation ecosystems and their affect on Chinese firms to act on innovative opportunities. Cutting-edge chapters advance debates in entrepreneurship, innovation management, economic geography and international business, analysing the co-evolution between the innovation ecosystem and innovation capabilities of Chinese firms. Drawing attention to the interdependencies of globalization, mergers and acquisitions and innovation, leading scholars in Chinese economics and entrepreneurship unpack the role of market capabilities in the development process of innovation and globalization to mark the trajectories of global Chinese firms.Addressing key themes in Chinese entrepreneurship, this book is crucial reading for scholars and researchers of business and economics, particularly those focusing on innovative capabilities. Its practical insights and empirical findings will also be beneficial to practitioners and policymakers.

Which kinds of growth lead to increased employment and which do not? This is one of the questions that this important volume attempts to answer. The book explores the complex relationships between innovation, growth and employment that are vital for both research into, and policy for, the creation of jobs.Politicians claiming that more rapid growth would remedy unemployment do not usually specify what kind of growth is meant. Is it, for example, economic (GDP) or productivity growth? Growing concern over 'jobless growth' requires both policymakers and researchers to make such distinctions, and to clarify their employment implications.The authors initially address their theoretical approach to, and conceptualization of, innovation and employment, where the distinction between process and product innovations and between high-tech and low-tech goods and services are central. They go on to address the relationship between innovation and employment, using empirical material to analyse the effects that different kinds of innovations have upon job creation and destruction. Finally, the volume summarizes the findings and addresses conclusions as well as policy implications.This book will be of great interest to those involved in research and policy in the fields of macroeconomics (economic growth and employment), industrial economics and innovation.

Which kinds of growth lead to increased employment and which do not? This is one of the questions that this important volume attempts to answer. The book explores the complex relationships between innovation, growth and employment that are vital for both research into, and policy for, the creation of jobs.Politicians claiming that more rapid growth would remedy unemployment do not usually specify what kind of growth is meant. Is it, for example, economic (GDP) or productivity growth? Growing concern over 'jobless growth' requires both policymakers and researchers to make such distinctions, and to clarify their employment implications.The authors initially address their theoretical approach to, and conceptualization of, innovation and employment, where the distinction between process and product innovations and between high-tech and low-tech goods and services are central. They go on to address the relationship between innovation and employment, using empirical material to analyse the effects that different kinds of innovations have upon job creation and destruction. Finally, the volume summarizes the findings and addresses conclusions as well as policy implications.This book will be of great interest to those involved in research and policy in the fields of macroeconomics (economic growth and employment), industrial economics and innovation.

This book offers a novel insight into the economic dynamics of modern biotechnology, using examples from Europe to reflect global trends. The authors apply theoretical insight to a fundamental enigma of the modern learning society, namely, how and why the development of knowledge and ideas interact with market processes and the formation of industries and firms. This book offers new empirical evidence to address such questions by studying the diversity of biotechnology in Europe. By analysing the way in which the development of new knowledge and information is linked with economic transformation, the authors are able to provide a rich theoretical understanding of the economic dynamics of knowledge within the biotechnology sector. They clearly show how innovation opportunities are affected not just by the market, but by scientific developments, networks, institutions and government policy. They also raise important theoretical questions about how and why new industries, networks and organizations are shaped, and highlight the development and impacts of biotechnology on many existing sectors, including pharmaceuticals, agriculture and insurance. The final chapter summarizes the theoretical challenges which have been overcome and identifies future areas for research.The Economic Dynamics of Modern Biotechnology will become essential reading for students, scholars and researchers of the management and economics of innovation, business strategy, industrial organization, the theory of the firm, the economics of technological change, and regional studies. It will also appeal to a wider political and business audience such as government policymakers and managers of biotechnology firms.

This authoritative collection covers the economics and business side of the social scientific debate about the economics of 'modern biotechnology' or 'the biotechnology industry'. Biotechnology has attracted an enormous interest. Research has spawned work on a variety of theoretical issues about economic dynamics, about innovation systems and about what might be called - in the current jargon - the modern 'learning economy'. More generally, biotechnology is often perceived as one of the most important, broad, cutting-edge new technologies of the contemporary era. This collection will provide the reader with an accessible and structured understanding of the main issues which have characterized debates about the economics of biotechnology.

This book offers a novel insight into the economic dynamics of modern biotechnology, using examples from Europe to reflect global trends. The authors apply theoretical insight to a fundamental enigma of the modern learning society, namely, how and why the development of knowledge and ideas interact with market processes and the formation of industries and firms. This book offers new empirical evidence to address such questions by studying the diversity of biotechnology in Europe. By analysing the way in which the development of new knowledge and information is linked with economic transformation, the authors are able to provide a rich theoretical understanding of the economic dynamics of knowledge within the biotechnology sector. They clearly show how innovation opportunities are affected not just by the market, but by scientific developments, networks, institutions and government policy. They also raise important theoretical questions about how and why new industries, networks and organizations are shaped, and highlight the development and impacts of biotechnology on many existing sectors, including pharmaceuticals, agriculture and insurance. The final chapter summarizes the theoretical challenges which have been overcome and identifies future areas for research.The Economic Dynamics of Modern Biotechnology will become essential reading for students, scholars and researchers of the management and economics of innovation, business strategy, industrial organization, the theory of the firm, the economics of technological change, and regional studies. It will also appeal to a wider political and business audience such as government policymakers and managers of biotechnology firms.

This book addresses the critical issue of how and why European universities are changing and learning to compete. Anglo-Saxon universities particularly in the US, the UK and Australia have long been subject to, and responded to, market-based competition in higher education. The authors argue that Continental and Nordic universities and higher education institutes are now facing similar pressures that are leading to a structural transformation of the university sector.Four important themes are addressed, namely 'Emergent Strategies', 'Diversification and Specialization', 'Rethinking University-Industry Relations' and 'Reflections'. Contributors include Luke Georghiou writing about the merger between The Victoria University of Manchester and UMIST; Andrea Bonaccorsi writing about differentiation in higher education; and Maryann Feldman writing about American technology transfer. Thus, the book provides a timely and critical reflection on what happens, as European universities transform from government-funded social institutions to become knowledge businesses operating in a competitive regime.This study will appeal to a broad audience of researchers, academics and policymakers with an interest in understanding the major transformations universities are currently undergoing. Regardless of whether one believes that increasing competition has positive or negative effects, the changes will undoubtedly affect both academics and students. These transformations will also influence the ability of nations to compete in the global knowledge society.

This book addresses the critical issue of how and why European universities are changing and learning to compete. Anglo-Saxon universities particularly in the US, the UK and Australia have long been subject to, and responded to, market-based competition in higher education. The authors argue that Continental and Nordic universities and higher education institutes are now facing similar pressures that are leading to a structural transformation of the university sector.Four important themes are addressed, namely 'Emergent Strategies', 'Diversification and Specialization', 'Rethinking University-Industry Relations' and 'Reflections'. Contributors include Luke Georghiou writing about the merger between The Victoria University of Manchester and UMIST; Andrea Bonaccorsi writing about differentiation in higher education; and Maryann Feldman writing about American technology transfer. Thus, the book provides a timely and critical reflection on what happens, as European universities transform from government-funded social institutions to become knowledge businesses operating in a competitive regime.This study will appeal to a broad audience of researchers, academics and policymakers with an interest in understanding the major transformations universities are currently undergoing. Regardless of whether one believes that increasing competition has positive or negative effects, the changes will undoubtedly affect both academics and students. These transformations will also influence the ability of nations to compete in the global knowledge society.

This comprehensive two volume collection is designed to introduce the reader to the systems of innovation literature. This is the first time that one major reference collection brings together some of the best known and most provocative literature from a variety of different perspectives, such as national, sectoral and regional systems of innovation. Classics such as the seminal papers by Schumpeter and List as well as modern authors are included, and the collection focuses on issues of economic growth, competitiveness and employment. Systems of Innovation will be essential reading for researchers and practitioners and will be an invaluable source of reference for use in innovation courses at university level.