Michel A. Van Hove – författare

This timely text covers the theory and practice of surface and nanostructure determination by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD): it is the first book on such quantitative structure analysis in over 30 years. It provides a detailed description of the theory, including cutting-edge developments and tested experimental methods. The focus is on quantitative techniques, while the qualitative interpretation of the LEED pattern without quantitative I(V) analysis is also included. Topics covered include the future study of nanoparticles, quasicrystals, thermal parameters, disorder and modulations of surfaces with LEED, with introductory sections enabling the non-specialist to follow all the concepts and applications discussed. With numerous colour figures throughout, this text is ideal for undergraduate and graduate students and researchers, whether experimentalists or theorists, in the fields of surface science, nanoscience and related technologies. It can serve as a textbook for graduate-level courses of one or two semesters.

This timely text covers the theory and practice of surface and nanostructure determination by low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD): it is the first book on such quantitative structure analysis in over 30 years. It provides a detailed description of the theory, including cutting-edge developments and tested experimental methods. The focus is on quantitative techniques, while the qualitative interpretation of the LEED pattern without quantitative I(V) analysis is also included. Topics covered include the future study of nanoparticles, quasicrystals, thermal parameters, disorder and modulations of surfaces with LEED, with introductory sections enabling the non-specialist to follow all the concepts and applications discussed. With numerous colour figures throughout, this text is ideal for undergraduate and graduate students and researchers, whether experimentalists or theorists, in the fields of surface science, nanoscience and related technologies. It can serve as a textbook for graduate-level courses of one or two semesters.

Photoemission is one of the principal techniques for the characterization and investigation of condensed matter systems. The field has experienced many developments in recent years, which may also be put down to important achievements in closely related areas. This timely and up-to-date handbook is written by experts in the field who provide the background needed by both experimentalists and theorists. It represents an interesting framework for showing the connection between theory and experiment by bringing together different concepts in the investigation of the properties of materials. The work addresses the geometric and electronic structure of solid surfaces and interfaces, theoretical methods for direct computation of spectra, experimental techniques for data acquisition, and physical models for direct data interpretation. It also includes such recent developments as full hemisphere acceptance in photoemission, two-electron photoemission, (e, 2e) electron diffraction, and photoelectron-electron/hole interaction.

This book collects together selected papers presented at the Second Interna- tional Conference on the Structure of Surfaces (ICSOS-II). The conference was held at the Royal Thopical Institute in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 22-25, 1987. It was held in part to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the NEVAC (Netherlands Vacuum Society). The International Organizing Committee members were: M. A. Van Hove (Chairman) J. F. van der Veen (Vice-Chairman) W. F. van der Weg (Treasurer) D. L. Adams A. M. Bradshaw M. J. Cardillo D. J. Chadi J. E. Demuth J. Eckert G. Ertl S. Ino D. A. King B. I. Lundqvist J. B. Pendry Y. Petroff J. R. Smith G. A. Somorjai J. Stohr S. Y. Tong X. D. Xie The ICSOS meetings serve to assess the status of surface structure determination and the relationship between surface or interface structures and physical or chemical properties of interest.The papers in this book cover: theoretical and experimental structural techniques; structural aspects of metal and semiconductor surfaces, including relaxations and reconstruc- tions, as well as adsorbates and epitaxial layers; phase transitions in two dimensions, roughening and surface melting; defects, disorder and surface morphology. Amsterdam, Berkeley J. F. van der Veen October 1987 M. A. Van Hove v Acknow ledgements We wish to acknowledge the many organizations and individuals whose contributions made possible the Second International Conference on the Structure of Surfaces and these Proceedings.

Surface crystallography is a discipline which has come of age. There exist in the literature several hundred complete determinations of atomic configurations at surfaces: yet the number is not so great that cataloguing these structures is too daunting a task. We felt that now was the right moment to begin a compilation that could be updated at frequent intervals to give a comprehensive picture of the known surface world. The following pages are the product of our labours. Our target community is the large number of surface chemists, materials scientists, physicists and others whose work involves surfaces. As the compilation expands with time our hope is that it will become one of the standard reference works for structures: in the manner that Wyckoff and other X-ray tables are for bulk crystals. We have devoted considerable thought to the format. The system we have chosen will no doubt have its critics, and in subsequent editions may well be improved, but it has been arrived at after extensive consultation. A problem that we faced in putting structures into standard format was the diversity of conventions used in the literature. It is to be hoped that our system will have sufficient virtue to serve as a standard format for future reporting of structures. That would make it much easier for surface crystallographers to use the work of others.

Surface crystallography is a discipline which has come of age. There exist in the literature several hundred complete determinations of atomic configurations at surfaces: yet the number is not so great that cataloguing these structures is too daunting a task. We felt that now was the right moment to begin a compilation that could be updated at frequent intervals to give a comprehensive picture of the known surface world. The following pages are the product of our labours. Our target community is the large number of surface chemists, materials scientists, physicists and others whose work involves surfaces. As the compilation expands with time our hope is that it will become one of the standard reference works for structures: in the manner that Wyckoff and other X-ray tables are for bulk crystals. We have devoted considerable thought to the format. The system we have chosen will no doubt have its critics, and in subsequent editions may well be improved, but it has been arrived at after extensive consultation. A problem that we faced in putting structures into standard format was the diversity of conventions used in the literature. It is to be hoped that our system will have sufficient virtue to serve as a standard format for future reporting of structures. That would make it much easier for surface crystallographers to use the work of others.

This book aims to popularize physics by emphasizing conceptual ideas of physics and their interconnections, while avoiding mathematics entirely. The approach is to explore intriguing topics by asking and discussing questions, thereby the reader can participate in developing answers, which enables a deeper understanding than is achievable with memorization.The topic of this volume, "Colors, light and Optical Illusions", is chosen because we face colors and light every waking minute of our lives, and we experience optical illusions much more often than we realize.This book will attract all those with a curious mind about nature and with a desire to understand how nature works, especially the younger generation of secondary-school children and their teachers.

This book aims to popularize physics by emphasizing conceptual ideas of physics and their interconnections, while avoiding mathematics entirely. The approach is to explore intriguing topics by asking and discussing questions, thereby the reader can participate in developing answers, which enables a deeper understanding than is achievable with memorization.The topic of this volume, "Colors, light and Optical Illusions", is chosen because we face colors and light every waking minute of our lives, and we experience optical illusions much more often than we realize.This book will attract all those with a curious mind about nature and with a desire to understand how nature works, especially the younger generation of secondary-school children and their teachers.

This book aims to popularize physics by emphasizing conceptual ideas of physics and their interconnections, while avoiding mathematics entirely. The approach is to explore intriguing topics of daily relevance by asking and discussing questions: thereby the reader can participate in developing answers, which enables a deeper understanding than is achievable with memorization.The topic of this book — waves — is chosen because we experience waves in many forms every minute of our lives, from sound waves and light waves to quantum waves and brain waves.The target readership of this book is very broad: all those with a curious mind about nature and with a desire to understand how nature works, especially laymen, youngsters, secondary-school children and their teachers.

This book aims to popularize physics by emphasizing conceptual ideas of physics and their interconnections, while avoiding mathematics entirely. The approach is to explore intriguing topics of daily relevance by asking and discussing questions: thereby the reader can participate in developing answers, which enables a deeper understanding than is achievable with memorization.The topic of this book — waves — is chosen because we experience waves in many forms every minute of our lives, from sound waves and light waves to quantum waves and brain waves.The target readership of this book is very broad: all those with a curious mind about nature and with a desire to understand how nature works, especially laymen, youngsters, secondary-school children and their teachers.

Photoemission is one of the principal techniques for the characterization and investigation of condensed matter systems. The field has experienced many developments in recent years, which may also be put down to important achievements in closely related areas.This timely and up-to-date handbook is written by experts in the field who provide the background needed by both experimentalists and theorists. It represents an interesting framework for showing the connection between theory and experiment by bringing together different concepts in the investigation of the properties of materials.The work addresses the geometric and electronic structure of solid surfaces and interfaces, theoretical methods for direct computation of spectra, experimental techniques for data acquisition, and physical models for direct data interpretation. It also includes such recent developments as full hemisphere acceptance in photoemission, two-electron photoemission, (e, 2e) electron diffraction, and photoelectron-electron/hole interaction.