Mohd Ma'Sum Billah – författare

This book provides an authoritative and comprehensive overview of Waqf (endowment), addressing specific issues, models, solutions, structures and practices. As Islamic finance has gained in significance, so too has the institution of Waqf, working towards creating an enterprising and an entrepreneurial community across the globe, in order to meet the underlying objectives of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) by targeting the low-income group in particular. The book analyses the historical context of Waqf as well as its revival in the digital era. It addresses the laws and policies affecting the management of Waqf, such as Maqasid al-Shari’ah, law and policies, law and fiscal reform, regulations applied within Muslim countries, judicial procedures and dispute resolutions and covers the core issues concerning the formalities of Waqf, its management and corporate governance questions. The book includes a series of specialised chapters focusing on the products and services of Waqf, covering product innovation, product development, and then assesses the risk factors in Waqf and Waqf Takaful. Finally, it focuses on the challenges of Waqf and offers recommendations for the way forward. A timely and practical guide, comprising a literature review and future research directions, as well as a number of international case studies, this will be a key reference for academics, students, researchers, practitioners and policy makers.

This book provides an authoritative and comprehensive overview of Waqf (endowment), addressing specific issues, models, solutions, structures and practices. As Islamic finance has gained in significance, so too has the institution of Waqf, working towards creating an enterprising and an entrepreneurial community across the globe, in order to meet the underlying objectives of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) by targeting the low-income group in particular. The book analyses the historical context of Waqf as well as its revival in the digital era. It addresses the laws and policies affecting the management of Waqf, such as Maqasid al-Shari’ah, law and policies, law and fiscal reform, regulations applied within Muslim countries, judicial procedures and dispute resolutions and covers the core issues concerning the formalities of Waqf, its management and corporate governance questions. The book includes a series of specialised chapters focusing on the products and services of Waqf, covering product innovation, product development, and then assesses the risk factors in Waqf and Waqf Takaful. Finally, it focuses on the challenges of Waqf and offers recommendations for the way forward. A timely and practical guide, comprising a literature review and future research directions, as well as a number of international case studies, this will be a key reference for academics, students, researchers, practitioners and policy makers.

Pricing or benchmarking is a process of evaluating the performance of a financial company’s products and services or systems, against other businesses, considered to be at the top of their field, by applying a measurement of “best in performance.” This book includes contributions from the leading global experts in the field who tackle topics such as whether the Islamic financial system has been dependent on the LIBOR / EURIBOR in its benchmarking exercises to date, and thus, whether it will be affected negatively by the predicted non-existence of the LIBOR / EURIBOR from 2021 onwards. They also address the question of whether the Islamic financial system requires benchmarking of its products and services and consider the emergence of Sharī ͑ah-justified benchmarking in today’s Islamic financial system. Additionally, they look at how benchmarking formulas should be adapted to ensure the satisfaction of customers within the principles of Maqasid al-Sharī ͑ah. It takes a legal and institutional approach to the subject, which readers will find particularly valuable, as there are various forms of Islamic finance institutions that do not conform to established models in the finance industry. Furthermore, there are emerging business models that will benefit from this line of investigation. This book offers a timely analysis of these issues and redresses the existing misconceptions and misinterpretations pertaining to benchmarking, in an Islamic finance context, and, as such, provides guidance and strategies for future directions. It will appeal to researchers of Islamic banking, finance, and insurance, as well as, practitioners, particularly standard setting bodies, regulators, and policy makers.

Pricing or benchmarking is a process of evaluating the performance of a financial company’s products and services or systems, against other businesses, considered to be at the top of their field, by applying a measurement of “best in performance.” This book includes contributions from the leading global experts in the field who tackle topics such as whether the Islamic financial system has been dependent on the LIBOR / EURIBOR in its benchmarking exercises to date, and thus, whether it will be affected negatively by the predicted non-existence of the LIBOR / EURIBOR from 2021 onwards. They also address the question of whether the Islamic financial system requires benchmarking of its products and services and consider the emergence of Sharī ͑ah-justified benchmarking in today’s Islamic financial system. Additionally, they look at how benchmarking formulas should be adapted to ensure the satisfaction of customers within the principles of Maqasid al-Sharī ͑ah. It takes a legal and institutional approach to the subject, which readers will find particularly valuable, as there are various forms of Islamic finance institutions that do not conform to established models in the finance industry. Furthermore, there are emerging business models that will benefit from this line of investigation. This book offers a timely analysis of these issues and redresses the existing misconceptions and misinterpretations pertaining to benchmarking, in an Islamic finance context, and, as such, provides guidance and strategies for future directions. It will appeal to researchers of Islamic banking, finance, and insurance, as well as, practitioners, particularly standard setting bodies, regulators, and policy makers.

While accounting and audit functions are significantly regulated and standardized in conventional financial industries and activities, through the implementation of International Accounting Standards, and International Financial Reporting Standards, as well as other international, regional, and local regulations, this is not the case for Islamic financial organizations. Rather than having their own set of comprehensive accounting or auditing standards or policies, these are based, in some cases, on the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAIOFI), the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB)’s standards and Shari’ah based local policies. This book is a timely and comprehensive overview of accounting and auditing standards within the doctrine of Shari’ah. It offers a significant contribution to the field and a wealth of technical know-how. It analyzes Islamic accounting and auditing both in theory and practice and from a distinctly international perspective. The chapters are arranged in a systematic and logical way making it easily accessible and engaging. The book evaluates the existing standards and widens the scope of the discourse to include Maqasid al-Shari’ah, Islamic accounting and audit models and standards, as well as, offering practical policy recommendations. The author presents a Shari’ah justified solution to Islamic Accounting and Audit and offers guidance on overcoming the challenges to implementing Islamic Accounting and Auditing Standards.The book is a unique and exhaustive guide and, as such, will be an invaluable resource for academics, researchers, students, policymakers, as well as, practitioners in accounting and auditing firms and financial institutions.

While accounting and audit functions are significantly regulated and standardized in conventional financial industries and activities, through the implementation of International Accounting Standards, and International Financial Reporting Standards, as well as other international, regional, and local regulations, this is not the case for Islamic financial organizations. Rather than having their own set of comprehensive accounting or auditing standards or policies, these are based, in some cases, on the Accounting and Auditing Organization for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAIOFI), the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB)’s standards and Shari’ah based local policies. This book is a timely and comprehensive overview of accounting and auditing standards within the doctrine of Shari’ah. It offers a significant contribution to the field and a wealth of technical know-how. It analyzes Islamic accounting and auditing both in theory and practice and from a distinctly international perspective. The chapters are arranged in a systematic and logical way making it easily accessible and engaging. The book evaluates the existing standards and widens the scope of the discourse to include Maqasid al-Shari’ah, Islamic accounting and audit models and standards, as well as, offering practical policy recommendations. The author presents a Shari’ah justified solution to Islamic Accounting and Audit and offers guidance on overcoming the challenges to implementing Islamic Accounting and Auditing Standards.The book is a unique and exhaustive guide and, as such, will be an invaluable resource for academics, researchers, students, policymakers, as well as, practitioners in accounting and auditing firms and financial institutions.

Methods and techniques adopted in teaching, training, learning, research, professional development, or capacity building are generally standardized across most traditional disciplines, particularly within developing countries. This is not the case, however, when it comes to the Islamic disciplines, and, in particular, in relation to the study of Islamic economics and finance, which is influenced by conventional standards and techniques. This is primarily due to the lack of availability of the requisite standards and mechanisms designed within the spirit of Maqsid al-Shari’ah. This book offers a unique resource and a comprehensive overview of the contemporary methods and smart techniques available for teaching, learning, and researching Islamic eco-finance, and it presents solutions to the challenges in implementing them. Further, the book gives deep insight into the most appropriate methodologies that could be employed empirically to explore, model, analyze, and evaluate Islamic finance theories and models, respectively. It also gives recommendations for improving learning, teaching, and research outcomes in Islamic eco-finance. The book also addresses how, in this advanced technological era, smart tools like artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data, Zoom, and the internet of things can be adapted to help equip students, researchers, and scholars with smart skills. The book will enable those studying Islamic economics and finance to grasp the appropriate tools for research and learning. Additionally, the Islamic economics and finance sector is growing at a significant rate and therefore requires the upskilling and capacity building of its human resources; thus, the book will also be highly beneficial for practitioners involved in the industry.

Methods and techniques adopted in teaching, training, learning, research, professional development, or capacity building are generally standardized across most traditional disciplines, particularly within developing countries. This is not the case, however, when it comes to the Islamic disciplines, and, in particular, in relation to the study of Islamic economics and finance, which is influenced by conventional standards and techniques. This is primarily due to the lack of availability of the requisite standards and mechanisms designed within the spirit of Maqsid al-Shari’ah. This book offers a unique resource and a comprehensive overview of the contemporary methods and smart techniques available for teaching, learning, and researching Islamic eco-finance, and it presents solutions to the challenges in implementing them. Further, the book gives deep insight into the most appropriate methodologies that could be employed empirically to explore, model, analyze, and evaluate Islamic finance theories and models, respectively. It also gives recommendations for improving learning, teaching, and research outcomes in Islamic eco-finance. The book also addresses how, in this advanced technological era, smart tools like artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data, Zoom, and the internet of things can be adapted to help equip students, researchers, and scholars with smart skills. The book will enable those studying Islamic economics and finance to grasp the appropriate tools for research and learning. Additionally, the Islamic economics and finance sector is growing at a significant rate and therefore requires the upskilling and capacity building of its human resources; thus, the book will also be highly beneficial for practitioners involved in the industry.

The central idea of sustainability in the modern world is intricate and ever-changing. Closely related to the realm of finance and socioeconomic discussion, the phrase “sustainable impact finance” has become increasingly popular among bankers, practitioners, financial analysts, investors and the relevant experts seeking an impactful connection between the best financing mechanisms or tools and sustainable development related investments or projects.This book opens up the discussion by offering a Shari’ah-compliance perspective. It is a primer on how Islam addresses and offers solutions to the challenges facing us within the spirit of maqasid al-Shari’ah, among others, in tackling poverty, food supply, health and well-being, quality education, reducing inequalities, responsible consumption and production and climate action. It discusses the connection between Islamic sustainable finance and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and explains the strategic action-plan of Islamic banks towards achieving Islamic sustainable finance.The book considers the relevant policies and regulations, evaluating the role of regulators, discussing jurisprudential solutions and focusing on the role of Islamic banking standards in relation to Islamic sustainable finance. Further, it explores the issue of risk mitigation and the effective role of Takaful. It presents a practical case study from the banking industry in Malaysia, which evaluates the carbon footprint of bank loans and climate change risk mitigation. Finally, it highlights sustainable finance innovations in an Islamic concept.The book will appeal to advanced students, researchers and scholars of Islamic banking and finance, as well as those concerned with environmental social governance and Sustainable Development Goals research. Regulators, policy makers and Shari’ah-compliant practitioners will also find it to be a useful guide.

The central idea of sustainability in the modern world is intricate and ever-changing. Closely related to the realm of finance and socioeconomic discussion, the phrase “sustainable impact finance” has become increasingly popular among bankers, practitioners, financial analysts, investors and the relevant experts seeking an impactful connection between the best financing mechanisms or tools and sustainable development related investments or projects.This book opens up the discussion by offering a Shari’ah-compliance perspective. It is a primer on how Islam addresses and offers solutions to the challenges facing us within the spirit of maqasid al-Shari’ah, among others, in tackling poverty, food supply, health and well-being, quality education, reducing inequalities, responsible consumption and production and climate action. It discusses the connection between Islamic sustainable finance and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and explains the strategic action-plan of Islamic banks towards achieving Islamic sustainable finance.The book considers the relevant policies and regulations, evaluating the role of regulators, discussing jurisprudential solutions and focusing on the role of Islamic banking standards in relation to Islamic sustainable finance. Further, it explores the issue of risk mitigation and the effective role of Takaful. It presents a practical case study from the banking industry in Malaysia, which evaluates the carbon footprint of bank loans and climate change risk mitigation. Finally, it highlights sustainable finance innovations in an Islamic concept.The book will appeal to advanced students, researchers and scholars of Islamic banking and finance, as well as those concerned with environmental social governance and Sustainable Development Goals research. Regulators, policy makers and Shari’ah-compliant practitioners will also find it to be a useful guide.

This book argues that focusing on the green economy and green finance is essential to counteract the catastrophic, socio-economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, while numerous research initiatives in the context of the green economy and/or finance have been observed in different parts of the world, to date, no comprehensive work has been published on the topic of green finance in relation to the discipline of Shari’ah. This timely book provides a comprehensive guide and offers practical solutions to the core issues of green finance within the principles of Maqasid al-Shari’ah.It contends that Islamic green finance serves to promote global financial stability and mitigate the financial risks associated with climate change and environmental degradation: by integrating Islamic finance principles with sustainable and environmentally friendly practices; by encouraging ethical investments and prioritising long-term social and environmental benefits; and by redirecting capital towards sustainable projects and fostering a more sustainable and inclusive financial system. Islamic green finance’s emphasis on transparency, governance, risk-sharing, and responsible investing helps lessen systemic risks and supports the transition towards a more stable and sustainable global financial landscape. The book’s holistic approach to green finance in Maqasid al-Shari’ah aims to ensure that financial actions align with Islamic principles and help create a more sustainable and responsible economic system.The book is a detailed reference, which sheds light on the pressing issues of our time. It encompasses various aspects of Islamic economics and serves as a guide to implementing green financing in accordance with Islamic principles and ethics, and as such, it will appeal to academics, researchers, students and policymakers alike.

This book argues that focusing on the green economy and green finance is essential to counteract the catastrophic, socio-economic effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, while numerous research initiatives in the context of the green economy and/or finance have been observed in different parts of the world, to date, no comprehensive work has been published on the topic of green finance in relation to the discipline of Shari’ah. This timely book provides a comprehensive guide and offers practical solutions to the core issues of green finance within the principles of Maqasid al-Shari’ah.It contends that Islamic green finance serves to promote global financial stability and mitigate the financial risks associated with climate change and environmental degradation: by integrating Islamic finance principles with sustainable and environmentally friendly practices; by encouraging ethical investments and prioritising long-term social and environmental benefits; and by redirecting capital towards sustainable projects and fostering a more sustainable and inclusive financial system. Islamic green finance’s emphasis on transparency, governance, risk-sharing, and responsible investing helps lessen systemic risks and supports the transition towards a more stable and sustainable global financial landscape. The book’s holistic approach to green finance in Maqasid al-Shari’ah aims to ensure that financial actions align with Islamic principles and help create a more sustainable and responsible economic system.The book is a detailed reference, which sheds light on the pressing issues of our time. It encompasses various aspects of Islamic economics and serves as a guide to implementing green financing in accordance with Islamic principles and ethics, and as such, it will appeal to academics, researchers, students and policymakers alike.

The interest in improving Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) outcomes among stakeholders of Islamic banking and finance has become front and centre in the discussions relating to Islamic sustainable finance.This book offers an expansive overview of the relevant issues, global initiatives and trends in the management, governance, and operation of Islamic sustainable impact finance. It identifies the models and mechanisms required to achieve sustainable impact finance in the context of Islamic investment and project development and collects and observes the latest approaches in maintaining and fulfilling the principles of Shariah-compliance in Sustainable Development Goals and Environmental, Social and Governance-oriented projects. The book also explores conventional financing instruments, which are being used in modern practice.While Islamic sustainable finance provides a positive change in the Islamic banking and finance industry globally, implementing it is not without its challenges. Such challenges, such as the fulfilment of Shariah-compliance requirements, both legally and jurisprudentially, and the application and development of modern innovative products and hybrid models of classical products are highlighted and addressed in the book. The book delves into the current management practices of Islamic banking and finance, which promote Islamic sustainable impact finance and outlines strategies for meeting sustainable investments and projects. Other factors, such as the latest technology, regulations and social, political and economic policies are also considered. Evidence is provided via case studies from selected countries that participate actively in the Islamic banking and finance industry globally.The book will attract a wide audience from researchers, scholars, and students to stakeholders of Islamic banking and finance, regulators, policy makers and Shariah-compliant practitioners.

The interest in improving Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) outcomes among stakeholders of Islamic banking and finance has become front and centre in the discussions relating to Islamic sustainable finance.This book offers an expansive overview of the relevant issues, global initiatives and trends in the management, governance, and operation of Islamic sustainable impact finance. It identifies the models and mechanisms required to achieve sustainable impact finance in the context of Islamic investment and project development and collects and observes the latest approaches in maintaining and fulfilling the principles of Shariah-compliance in Sustainable Development Goals and Environmental, Social and Governance-oriented projects. The book also explores conventional financing instruments, which are being used in modern practice.While Islamic sustainable finance provides a positive change in the Islamic banking and finance industry globally, implementing it is not without its challenges. Such challenges, such as the fulfilment of Shariah-compliance requirements, both legally and jurisprudentially, and the application and development of modern innovative products and hybrid models of classical products are highlighted and addressed in the book. The book delves into the current management practices of Islamic banking and finance, which promote Islamic sustainable impact finance and outlines strategies for meeting sustainable investments and projects. Other factors, such as the latest technology, regulations and social, political and economic policies are also considered. Evidence is provided via case studies from selected countries that participate actively in the Islamic banking and finance industry globally.The book will attract a wide audience from researchers, scholars, and students to stakeholders of Islamic banking and finance, regulators, policy makers and Shariah-compliant practitioners.

In the face of unprecedented global warming and escalating environmental crises, this book offers a comprehensive investigation into the ways Islamic financial principles can contribute to combating climate change. It delves into the significant potential of the Islamic finance industry and showcases its capacity for sustainable and ethical investment that aligns with the global climate change agenda.The book meticulously discusses the role Islamic finance can play in developing low-carbon and climate-resilient infrastructure, providing readers with a rich blend of theoretical insights and practical methodologies. It underscores the harmony between Islamic ethical finance and ecological care, highlighting their joint role in funding renewable energy and fostering resilient communities. Through insightful case studies and analyses, it positions Islamic finance as a vital player in global climate initiatives. Introducing innovative instruments like green Sukuk and evaluating Waqf (endowment) for eco-projects, it critically reviews how Islamic financial institutions can further drive climate-positive investments, providing a framework of Islamic climate finance. It analyses the law and policies of Islamic finance governing climate action and puts forward a strategic action plan.Aimed at scholars, researchers, and academics, this book is an invaluable resource for those seeking to understand and implement Islamic financial solutions in the battle against the global climate crisis. It also serves as an essential guide for policymakers and practitioners committed to steering financial practices towards more sustainable and globally beneficial outcomes, ultimately providing strategic knowledge and practical tools to mobilize resources effectively for the planet’s future.Mohd Ma’Sum Billah is Senior Professor of Finance at the Islamic Economics Institute, King Abdul Aziz University (KAU), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Razali Haron is Professor of Finance at the IIUM International Institute of Islamic Banking and Finance, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM).Rusni Hassan is Professor of Finance and the Dean at the IIUM International Institute of Islamic Banking and Finance, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM).Syed Marwan Mujahid Syed Azman is Assistant Professor of Finance at the IIUM International Institute of Islamic Banking and Finance, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM).Akhtarun Naba’ Billah is pursuing her LLB (Hons) at the Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws (AIKOL), International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), and is scheduled to complete her legal internship at the Office of the Chief Justice of Malaysia (Palace of Justice, Putrajaya, Malaysia) in 2025.

As Islamic finance evolves in the digital era, artificial intelligence (AI) stands out as both a disruptor and an enabler. Islamic Finance and Artificial Intelligence: Ethics, Compliance, and Digital Innovation provides a pioneering examination of how AI technologies can be integrated into Islamic financial systems while maintaining adherence to Shari’ah principles and ethical governance.The book explores AI-driven tools and their implications for Shari’ah-compliant operations. It critically examines issues of algorithmic transparency, accountability, and the governance of digital financial services within Islamic ethical frameworks. By combining rigorous conceptual analysis with contemporary industry developments, the book demonstrates how digital innovation can enhance efficiency, financial inclusion, and responsible financial practices in Muslim-majority and emerging markets. Presenting a technical deep dive into AI development, the book showcases methodologies, tools, and innovative applications tailored to Islamic financial products and services, with a discussion on blockchain, smart contracts, and other technologies designed to uphold Shari’ah compliance. Further, it provides a comprehensive risk analysis of AI adoption in Islamic finance that relates to ethical challenges, operational risks and systemic threats.The book bridges academia, industry, and policy, offering practical insights and forward-looking strategies for leveraging AI to build a more inclusive, ethical, and innovative future. Situating Islamic finance within the broader digital transformation of the global financial sector, it is essential reading for academics, policymakers, fintech professionals, regulators, and students engaged with financial technology, Islamic economics, and the ethics of algorithmic governance.

The growth of Islamic finance today is significant, making it timely to meet the market demand across the world and particularly for Muslim countries by producing a cryptocurrency model under the Shari’ah ethical principles.

The Islamic financial system today comprises a sizable asset base and there is evidence of sustained demand for Islamic financial products and services in the global market, with demand outstripping supply.

The Islamic financial system today comprises a sizable asset base and there is evidence of sustained demand for Islamic financial products and services in the global market, with demand outstripping supply.

Islamic finance has grown exponentially since 1963 and has reached more than 70 countries around the world with the asset size of about $2.5 trillion. The Islamic investment system today comprises of both asset-backed and asset-based offerings. There is an evidence of sustained demand for Islamic investment in the global market among both Muslim and non-Muslim investors with demand outstripping supply and management. This book is a timely guide to understanding the paradigm of Islamic investment and its application in the contemporary investment reality, and will be of particular interest to academia, industrialists, professionals, investors, investment managers, product designers, students, decision makers and policymakers globally in the field of investment.

Islamic finance has grown exponentially since 1963 and has reached more than 70 countries around the world with the asset size of about $2.5 trillion. The Islamic investment system today comprises of both asset-backed and asset-based offerings. There is an evidence of sustained demand for Islamic investment in the global market among both Muslim and non-Muslim investors with demand outstripping supply and management. This book is a timely guide to understanding the paradigm of Islamic investment and its application in the contemporary investment reality, and will be of particular interest to academia, industrialists, professionals, investors, investment managers, product designers, students, decision makers and policymakers globally in the field of investment.

The growth of Islamic finance today is undeniable given its services, product innovation, performance and achievements, with the Islamic insurance market being no exception;

The growth of Islamic finance today is undeniable given its services, product innovation, performance and achievements, with the Islamic insurance market being no exception;

This timely book addresses the effects and implications of rapid technological changes within the financial services industry on Islamic finance and Islamic banks.

This timely book addresses the effects and implications of rapid technological changes within the financial services industry on Islamic finance and Islamic banks.

Focusing areas such as Islamic micro-finance, wealth inclusion, corporate and agro-Zakat, Awqaf, SRI Sukuk, and green Sukuk, this book will feature contributions from the leading researchers in sustainability and Islamic finance and will be of interest to scholars, researchers, industrialists, NGOs, UNDP and students studying both areas.