Monika Michałowska – författare

This volume sheds light on underexplored aspects of voluntarism that were extensively debated in the thirteenth- and fourteenth-century philosophy and theology. By charting a map of complex and multifaceted debates on the will, it provides insight into approaches to ethics and moral psychology that sprouted in the later Middle Ages and sparked various arguments and methods for defending the freedom of the will.Although interest in medieval ethics has increased in recent years, these studies mainly examine the concept of virtues, happiness, the freedom of the will, and the will-intellect interplay. These studies pay little attention to fourteenth-century ethics and largely neglect theories of action, the conditionality of the will, and will-time issues. The chapters in this volume illuminate new approaches and reveal the multiple facets of the will debate that emerged in the late medieval period. They address a wide range of topics such as second-order volitions, non-velle and nolle acts of the will, conditionality of the will, increase and decrease in the intensity of willing, the ethics/metaphysics and ethics/physics intersections, and the role the will played in explaining social and political phenomena.The Will Discourse in Late Medieval Philosophy and Theology will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working on medieval philosophy and theology, moral philosophy, philosophy of mind, and action theory.

This volume sheds light on underexplored aspects of voluntarism that were extensively debated in the thirteenth- and fourteenth-century philosophy and theology. By charting a map of complex and multifaceted debates on the will, it provides insight into approaches to ethics and moral psychology that sprouted in the later Middle Ages and sparked various arguments and methods for defending the freedom of the will.Although interest in medieval ethics has increased in recent years, these studies mainly examine the concept of virtues, happiness, the freedom of the will, and the will-intellect interplay. These studies pay little attention to fourteenth-century ethics and largely neglect theories of action, the conditionality of the will, and will-time issues. The chapters in this volume illuminate new approaches and reveal the multiple facets of the will debate that emerged in the late medieval period. They address a wide range of topics such as second-order volitions, non-velle and nolle acts of the will, conditionality of the will, increase and decrease in the intensity of willing, the ethics/metaphysics and ethics/physics intersections, and the role the will played in explaining social and political phenomena.The Will Discourse in Late Medieval Philosophy and Theology will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working on medieval philosophy and theology, moral philosophy, philosophy of mind, and action theory.

This volume sheds light on underexplored aspects of voluntarism that were extensively debated in the thirteenth- and fourteenth-century philosophy and theology. By charting a map of complex and multifaceted debates on the will, it provides insight into approaches to ethics and moral psychology that sprouted in the later Middle Ages and sparked various arguments and methods for defending the freedom of the will.Although interest in medieval ethics has increased in recent years, these studies mainly examine the concept of virtues, happiness, the freedom of the will, and the will-intellect interplay. These studies pay little attention to fourteenth-century ethics and largely neglect theories of action, the conditionality of the will, and will-time issues. The chapters in this volume illuminate new approaches and reveal the multiple facets of the will debate that emerged in the late medieval period. They address a wide range of topics such as second-order volitions, non-velle and nolle acts of the will, conditionality of the will, increase and decrease in the intensity of willing, the ethics/metaphysics and ethics/physics intersections, and the role the will played in explaining social and political phenomena.The Will Discourse in Late Medieval Philosophy and Theology will be of interest to scholars and advanced students working on medieval philosophy and theology, moral philosophy, philosophy of mind, and action theory.

This book contains a collection of papers devoted to the problems of body, mind and soul in medieval Europe between 1200 and 1420. Modern discussions of the mind-body relationship seldom look back into the past further than the psycho-somatic dualism of Descartes which started the mechanistic approach in biology and medicine. The authors of the volume go beyond that fault line to investigate the tradition of medieval natural philosophy and its ancient sources and analyze the issues forming a borderland between physiology and psychology. They also demonstrate that the medieval tradition was rich and diverse for it offered a wide variety of the discussed problems as well as the methodological approaches. This volume is the first attempt to cover a diversity of topics and methods employed in the medieval debates on body, mind and soul as well as their interrelationships. The Embodied Soul is a must-have for all those interested in puzzling dilemmas of how a living organism functions and how its inner life can be explained as well as for all those interested in the history of thought in general.Chapter 14 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book contains a collection of papers devoted to the problems of body, mind and soul in medieval Europe between 1200 and 1420. Modern discussions of the mind-body relationship seldom look back into the past further than the psycho-somatic dualism of Descartes which started the mechanistic approach in biology and medicine. The authors of the volume go beyond that fault line to investigate the tradition of medieval natural philosophy and its ancient sources and analyze the issues forming a borderland between physiology and psychology. They also demonstrate that the medieval tradition was rich and diverse for it offered a wide variety of the discussed problems as well as the methodological approaches. This volume is the first attempt to cover a diversity of topics and methods employed in the medieval debates on body, mind and soul as well as their interrelationships. The Embodied Soul is a must-have for all those interested in puzzling dilemmas of how a living organism functions and how its inner life can be explained as well as for all those interested in the history of thought in general.Chapter 14 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book contains a collection of papers devoted to the problems of body, mind and soul in medieval Europe between 1200 and 1420. Modern discussions of the mind-body relationship seldom look back into the past further than the psycho-somatic dualism of Descartes which started the mechanistic approach in biology and medicine. The authors of the volume go beyond that fault line to investigate the tradition of medieval natural philosophy and its ancient sources and analyze the issues forming a borderland between physiology and psychology. They also demonstrate that the medieval tradition was rich and diverse for it offered a wide variety of the discussed problems as well as the methodological approaches. This volume is the first attempt to cover a diversity of topics and methods employed in the medieval debates on body, mind and soul as well as their interrelationships. The Embodied Soul is a must-have for all those interested in puzzling dilemmas of how a living organism functions and how its inner life can be explained as well as for all those interested in the history of thought in general.Chapter 14 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This volume discusses the definitional problems and conceptual strategies involved in defining the human. By crossing the boundaries of disciplines and themes, it offers a transdisciplinary platform for exploring the new ideas of the human and adjusting to the dynamic in which we are plunged. The emerging cyborgs and transhumans call for an urgent reconsideration of humans as individuals and collectives. The identity of the human in the 21st century eludes definitions underpinned by simplifying and simplified dichotomies. Affecting all the spheres of life, the discoveries and achievements of recent decades have challenged the bipolar categorizations of human/nonhuman and human/machine, real/virtual and thus opened the door to transdisciplinary considerations. Ours is a new world where the boundaries of normality and abnormality, a legacy of the long history of philosophy, medicine, and science need dismantling. We are now on our way to re-examine, re-understand, and re-describe what normal-abnormal, human-nonhuman, and I-we-they mean. We find ourselves facing what resembles the liminal stage of a global ritual, a stage of being in-between—between the old anthropocentric order and a new position of blurred boundaries. The volume addresses philosophical, bioethical, sociological, and cognitive approaches developed to transcend the binaries of human-nonhuman, natural-artificial, individual-collective, and real-virtual.

This volume discusses the definitional problems and conceptual strategies involved in defining the human. By crossing the boundaries of disciplines and themes, it offers a transdisciplinary platform for exploring the new ideas of the human and adjusting to the dynamic in which we are plunged. The emerging cyborgs and transhumans call for an urgent reconsideration of humans as individuals and collectives. The identity of the human in the 21st century eludes definitions underpinned by simplifying and simplified dichotomies. Affecting all the spheres of life, the discoveries and achievements of recent decades have challenged the bipolar categorizations of human/nonhuman and human/machine, real/virtual and thus opened the door to transdisciplinary considerations. Ours is a new world where the boundaries of normality and abnormality, a legacy of the long history of philosophy, medicine, and science need dismantling. We are now on our way to re-examine, re-understand, and re-describe what normal-abnormal, human-nonhuman, and I-we-they mean. We find ourselves facing what resembles the liminal stage of a global ritual, a stage of being in-between—between the old anthropocentric order and a new position of blurred boundaries. The volume addresses philosophical, bioethical, sociological, and cognitive approaches developed to transcend the binaries of human-nonhuman, natural-artificial, individual-collective, and real-virtual. 

This volume discusses the definitional problems and conceptual strategies involved in defining the human. By crossing the boundaries of disciplines and themes, it offers a transdisciplinary platform for exploring the new ideas of the human and adjusting to the dynamic in which we are plunged. The emerging cyborgs and transhumans call for an urgent reconsideration of humans as individuals and collectives. The identity of the human in the 21st century eludes definitions underpinned by simplifying and simplified dichotomies. Affecting all the spheres of life, the discoveries and achievements of recent decades have challenged the bipolar categorizations of human/nonhuman and human/machine, real/virtual and thus opened the door to transdisciplinary considerations. Ours is a new world where the boundaries of normality and abnormality, a legacy of the long history of philosophy, medicine, and science need dismantling. We are now on our way to re-examine, re-understand, and re-describe what normal-abnormal, human-nonhuman, and I-we-they mean. We find ourselves facing what resembles the liminal stage of a global ritual, a stage of being in-between—between the old anthropocentric order and a new position of blurred boundaries. The volume addresses philosophical, bioethical, sociological, and cognitive approaches developed to transcend the binaries of human-nonhuman, natural-artificial, individual-collective, and real-virtual.

Among the commentaries on Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics produced in the Middle Ages, that of Richard Kilvington is one of the most thought-provoking. Kilvington adopts a unique perspective of argumentation in which he applies concepts and terminology from the fields of logic and physics to ethical dilemmas. This unprecedented approach allows him to formulate original solutions to various ethical problems. He concentrates on the will, moral weakness, the relationship between the will and prudence, the change of virtues and vices, and the nature of ethical objects. The presented commentary is a valuable record of the philosophical debates at Oxford in the 14th century.

Richard Kilvington was one of the most talented Oxford Calculators. His influence on late medieval philosophy and theology remains unquestionable. He made a name for himself with his logical treatise Sophismata, which was soon followed by a series of three commentaries on Aristotle's works and a commentary on Peter Lombard's Sentences. Richard Kilvington on the Capacity of Created Being, Infinity, and Being Simultaneously in Rome and Paris by Monika Michalowska presents a critical edition of question 3 from Kilvington's Quaestiones super libros Sententiarum, complete with an introduction to the edition and a guide to Kilvington's theological concepts. Kilvington's theological question commentary enjoyed considerable popularity and became a source of continuous inspiration for Oxonian and Parisian masters. See inside the book.

Richard Kilvington (ca. 1302-1361) was one of the most original and influential thinkers among the Oxford Calculators. His impact on late medieval philosophy and theology remains unquestionable. His physical, logical, and ethical solutions were extensively debated and referred to, paving the way for new approaches in philosophy and theology. This volume presents a critical edition of question 4 from Kilvington's Quaestiones super libros Sententiarum, complete with an introduction to the edition and a guide to Kilvington's theological concepts.

The volume offers a critical edition of a text by Richard FitzRalph, one of the most original 14th-century Oxonian thinkers. FitzRalph’s philosophical and theological ideas were enthusiastically adopted or fiercely challenged, consolidating his recognition at the universities of Oxford, Paris, and Italy.For all this, his work remains relatively little-known today, an obscurity this book redresses by making a question on the will from FitzRalph’s Lectura in Sententias available to a larger readership. Besides, FitzRalph’s strongly voluntaristic position and analytical techniques derived from the natural sciences and logic are shown to place him close to the Oxford Calculators.