N K Jain – författare

A soil profile is exposed by a vertical cut through the soil. It is commonly conceived as a plane at right angles to the surface. In practice, a description of a soil profile includes soil properties that can be determined only by inspecting volumes of soil. A description of a pedon is commonly based on examination of a profile, and the properties of the pedon are projected from the properties of the profile. The width of a profile ranges from a few decimeters to several meters or more. It should be sufficient to include the largest structural units. A soil horizon is a layer, approximately parallel to the surface of the soil, distinguishable from adjacent layers by a distinctive set of properties produced by the soil-forming processes. The term layer, rather than horizon, is used if all of the properties are believed to be inherited from the parent material or no judgment is made as to whether the layer is genetic. The solum of a soil consists of a set of horizons that are related through the same cycle of pedogenic processes. Included are horizons with an accumulation of carbonates or more soluble salts if they are either within, or contiguous, to other genetic horizons and are judged to be at least partly produced in the same period of soil formation. The solum of a soil presently at the surface, for example, includes all horizons now forming. It includes a bisequum. The primary aim of this encyclopaedia is to present a succinct account of the essential features of this subject. It is being prepared by keeping in view the requirements of the students and academic professionals.

A soil profile is exposed by a vertical cut through the soil. It is commonly conceived as a plane at right angles to the surface. In practice, a description of a soil profile includes soil properties that can be determined only by inspecting volumes of soil. A description of a pedon is commonly based on examination of a profile, and the properties of the pedon are projected from the properties of the profile. The width of a profile ranges from a few decimeters to several meters or more. It should be sufficient to include the largest structural units. A soil horizon is a layer, approximately parallel to the surface of the soil, distinguishable from adjacent layers by a distinctive set of properties produced by the soil-forming processes. The term layer, rather than horizon, is used if all of the properties are believed to be inherited from the parent material or no judgment is made as to whether the layer is genetic. The solum of a soil consists of a set of horizons that are related through the same cycle of pedogenic processes. Included are horizons with an accumulation of carbonates or more soluble salts if they are either within, or contiguous, to other genetic horizons and are judged to be at least partly produced in the same period of soil formation. The solum of a soil presently at the surface, for example, includes all horizons now forming. It includes a bisequum. The primary aim of this encyclopaedia is to present a succinct account of the essential features of this subject. It is being prepared by keeping in view the requirements of the students and academic professionals.

Microorganisms in soil are important because they affect the structure and fertility of different soils. Soil microorganisms can be classified as bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, algae, and protozoa. Each of these groups has different characteristics that define the organisms and different functions in the soil it lives in biotechnology is any technique that uses living organisms or substances from these organisms to make or modify a product for a practical purpose. Biotechnology can be applied to all classes of organism - from viruses and bacteria to plants and animals - and it is becoming a major feature of modern medicine, agriculture and industry. Modern agricultural biotechnology includes a range of tools that scientists employ to understand and manipulate the genetic make-up of organisms for use in the production or processing of agricultural products. Some applications of biotechnology, such as fermentation and brewing, have been used for millennia. The uniqueness of this book, hence, lies in the author’s way of reconstructing the book by delving deep in to the areas of the subject.

A soil profile is exposed by a vertical cut through the soil. It is commonly conceived as a plane at right angles to the surface. In practice, a description of a soil profile includes soil properties that can be determined only by inspecting volumes of soil. A description of a pedon is commonly based on examination of a profile, and the properties of the pedon are projected from the properties of the profile. The width of a profile ranges from a few decimeters to several meters or more. It should be sufficient to include the largest structural units. A soil horizon is a layer, approximately parallel to the surface of the soil, distinguishable from adjacent layers by a distinctive set of properties produced by the soil-forming processes. The term layer, rather than horizon, is used if all of the properties are believed to be inherited from the parent material or no judgment is made as to whether the layer is genetic. The solum of a soil consists of a set of horizons that are related through the same cycle of pedogenic processes. Included are horizons with an accumulation of carbonates or more soluble salts if they are either within, or contiguous, to other genetic horizons and are judged to be at least partly produced in the same period of soil formation. The solum of a soil presently at the surface, for example, includes all horizons now forming. It includes a bisequum. The primary aim of this encyclopaedia is to present a succinct account of the essential features of this subject. It is being prepared by keeping in view the requirements of the students and academic professionals.

Soil physics is the study of soil physical properties and processes. it is applied to management and prediction under natural and managed ecosystems. Soil physics deals with the dynamics of physical soil components and their phases as solids, liquids, and gases. lt draws on the principles of physics, physical chemistry, engineering, and meteorology. it is especially important in this day and age because most farmers require ana understanding of agro ecosystems. Soil physics applies these principles to address practical problems of agriculture, ecology, and engineering. Agro physics is closely related to biophysics, but is restricted to the biology of the plants, animals and soil involved in agricultural activities and biodiversity. The book includes procedures for using soil physics in agriculture and estimating soil physical properties from more readily available data and shows how soil physical data can be integrated into land planning and management decisions. Contents: introduction; Evaluation of Soil Structure; Examination and Description of Soils; Preparing for Field Sampling; Biological and Chemical Aspects of Soil Productivity; Soil Quality Considerations in the Selection of Sites for Aquaculture; Soil Moisture Measurement instrumentation; Physical Properties of Tropical Sandy Soils.

This book discusses approaches based on multifunctional and targeted theranostic nanomedicines for improving diagnosis and drug delivery. It explores nanomedicines based on nanocarriers like liposomes, ethosomes, niosomes, polymeric nanoparticles, lipidic nanoparticles, metallic nanoparticles, micelles, dendrimers, quantum dots, carbon-based nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, carbon quantum dots, graphene oxide, and fullerene. This book reviews designing, conjugation, optimization, formulation and development, and scale-up of multifunctional and targeted theranostic nanomedicines. It examines major challenges in developing nanomaterials that can be applied to nanomedicine with high biocompatibility and biodegradability for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Lastly, it addresses the most promising approaches at both commercialization and regulatory steps for bringing theranostic nanomedicine from research laboratories to clinics for patient use.

This book offers a comprehensive exploration of the Quality by Design (QbD) methodology, guiding readers from theory to practical application with accessible examples. It equips readers with both foundational and advanced knowledge, emphasizing the critical parameters necessary for designing pharmaceutical products that meet the highest quality standards. The book goes beyond theory to demonstrate how to effectively implement QbD principles in various aspects of pharmaceutical research and development, including analytical methods, formulation, and packaging processes. Through a step-by-step approach, it prepares researchers in pharmaceutical sciences, as well as professionals in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries (including suppliers), to successfully integrate QbD into their work.