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Urban life as we know it in the Mediterranean began in the early Iron Age: settlements of great size and internal diversity appear in the archaeological record. This collection of essays offers for the first time a systematic discussion of the beginnings of urbanization across the Mediterranean, from Cyprus through Greece and Italy to France and Spain. Leading scholars in the field look critically at what is meant by urbanization, and analyse the social processes that lead to the development of social complexity and the growth of towns. The introduction to the volume focuses on the history of the archaeology of urbanization and argues that proper understanding of the phenomenon demands loose and flexible criteria for what is termed a 'town'. The following eight chapters examine the development of individual settlements and patterns of urban settlement in Cyprus, Greece, Etruria, Latium, southern Italy, Sardinia, southern France and Spain. These chapters not only provide a general review of current knowledge of urban settlements of this period, but also raise significant issues of urbanization and the economy, urbanization and political organization, and of the degree of regionalism and diversity to be found within individual towns. The three analytical chapters which conclude this collection look more broadly at the town as a cultural phenomenon that has to be related to wider cultural trends, as an economic phenomenon that has to be related to changes in the Mediterranean economy and as a dynamic phenomenon, not merely a point on the map.Wide ranging in its geographical coverage, this volume will be essential reading for scholars and students of archaeology, settlement studies, the archaic period and geographers interested in the history of urban forms.

Cult activity played an extremely important role in the lives of individuals and of groups in ancient Greece. Where people worshipped the gods had a major influence on their conceptual geography. In 1984, Francois de Polignac argued that the placing of cult centres played a major part in establishing the whole concept of the city-state in archaic Greece. The essays in this collection, headed by one by de Polignac himself in which he reassesses his position, critically examine the social and political importance of sanctuary placement, not only re-examining areas of archaic Greece discussed by de Polignac, but extending the analysis back to Mycenean Greece and on to Greece under Roman occupation. Not only do these essays reveal something of the complexity of relations between religion and politics in ancient Greece, but they show how important tradition, gender relations, and cult identity were in creating and maintaining the religious mapping of the ancient Greek countryside.

Art's Agency and Art History re-articulates the relationship of the anthropology of art to key methodological and theoretical approaches in art history, sociology, and linguistics. Explores important concepts and perspectives in the anthropology of artIncludes nine groundbreaking case studies by an internationally renowned group of art historians and art theoristsCovers a wide range of periods, including Bronze-Age China, Classical Greece, Rome, and Mayan, as well as the modern Western worldFeatures an introductory essay by leading experts, which helps clarify issues in the fieldIncludes numerous illustrations

While he was in prison, Paul wrote a letter to the Ephesian Christians whose magnificent themes have echoed throughout the centuries: the exaltation of Christ, the church as his body, believers as his new creation, and his defeat of the cosmic powers that opposed him. Throughout, he makes clear that everything we are and have is ours only "in Christ."In Ephesians Verse by Verse, Grant R. Osborne offers a clear exposition of this letter that takes seriously both its first--century context and what it means for us today. Pastors, Bible study leaders, and invested laypeople will all benefit from Osborne's careful reading of the text and commitment to making sense of the New Testament without scholarly jargon.The Osborne New Testament Commentary Series is a set of commentaries on every New Testament book. In each volume, Grant R. Osborne seeks to carefully exposit the text in plain language, bringing out the treasures in each book and making them accessible for today's readers.

2019 Biblical Foundations Book Award Finalist in New TestamentJames's letter is famous for its practical wisdom and its heart for gospel transformation reflected in action.James is like Proverbs in the New Testament - but written as a letter, reflecting the New Covenant of Christ. It advises believers facing cultural challenges in the diaspora how to approach practical issues like trials and suffering, the proper use of the tongue, and poverty and wealth from a worldview shaped by Christ. Stated simply, it teaches believers about living life in God's world by God's rules.In James Verse by Verse, the late Grant R. Osborne invites readers to delve into this uniquely structured, immensely practical book. James is all about what early Christians called "the Way" and, as such, holds a unique place in the New Testament. This commentary will help modern readers embrace James as a distinctively Christian letter, full of wisdom for everyday life.