As environmental security gains increasing attention, there is a pressing need for rigorous examinations of environmental causes of conflict and the potential for conflict resolution. Environmental Conflict explores the relationship between environmental degradation or scarcity and either intrastate or interstate violent conflict. Informed by theor

This book charts the incidence of territorial changes and military conflicts from 1816 to 1980. Using statistical and descriptive analysis, the authors attempt to answer three related sets of questions:* When does military conflict accompany the process of national independence?* When do states fight over territorial changes and when are such transactions completed peacefully?* How do territorial changes affect future military conflict between the states involved in the exchange?

As environmental security gains increasing attention, there is a pressing need for rigorous examinations of environmental causes of conflict and the potential for conflict resolution. Environmental Conflict explores the role of environmental degradation or scarcity in intrastate or interstate violent conflict and how cooperative efforts might forestall such undesirable consequences. By presenting cutting-edge conceptual and empirical research examining how environmental factors may influence group and state decisions to employ violence, this book enhances understanding of the possibilities for future conflict and how to prevent it.

As environmental security gains increasing attention, there is a pressing need for rigorous examinations of environmental causes of conflict and the potential for conflict resolution. Environmental Conflict explores the role of environmental degradation or scarcity in intrastate or interstate violent conflict and how cooperative efforts might forestall such undesirable consequences. By presenting cutting-edge conceptual and empirical research examining how environmental factors may influence group and state decisions to employ violence, this book enhances understanding of the possibilities for future conflict and how to prevent it.

J. David Singer''s legendary Correlates of War project represented the first comprehensive effort by political scientists to gather and analyze empirical data about the causes of war. In doing so, Singer and his colleagues transformed the face of twentieth-century political science. Their work provoked some of the most important debates in modern international relations -- about the rules governing territory, international intervention, and the so-called "democratic peace." Editor Paul F. Diehl has now convened some of the world''s foremost international conflict analysis specialists to reassess COW''s contribution to our understanding of global conflict. Each chapter takes one of COW''s pathbreaking ideas and reevaluates it in light of subsequent world events and developments in the field. The result is a critical retrospective that will reintroduce Singer''s important and still-provocative findings to a new generation of students and specialists. Paul F. Diehl is Professor of Political Science and University Distinguished Scholar at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.

This book provides the first detailed analysis of international rivalries, the long-standing and often violent confrontations between the same pairs of states. The book addresses conceptual components of rivalries and explores the origins, dynamics, and termination of the most dangerous form of rivalry--enduring rivalry--since 1816. Paul Diehl and Gary Goertz identify 1166 rivalries since 1816. They label sixty-three of those as enduring rivalries. These include the competitions between the United States and Soviet Union, India and Pakistan, and Israel and her Arab neighbors. The authors explain how rivalries form, evolve, and end. The first part of the book deals with how to conceptualize and measure rivalries and presents empirical patterns among rivalries in the period 1816-1992. The concepts derived from the study of rivalries are then used to reexamine two central pieces of international relations research, namely deterrence and "democratic peace" studies. The second half of the book builds an explanation of enduring rivalries based on a theory adapted from evolutionary biology, "punctuated equilibrium." The study of international rivalries has become one of the centerpieces of behavioral research on international conflict. This book, by two of the scholars who pioneered such studies, is the first comprehensive treatment of the subject. It will become the standard reference for all future studies of rivalries. Paul F. Diehl is Professor of Political Science and University Distinguished Teacher/Scholar, University of Illinois. He is the coeditor of Reconstructing Realpolitik and coauthor of Measuring the Correlates of War. Gary Goertz is Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Arizona, and is the coauthor with Paul Diehl of Territorial Change and International Conflict.

J. David Singer's legendary Correlates of War project represented the first comprehensive effort by political scientists to gather and analyze empirical data about the causes of war. In doing so, Singer and his colleagues transformed the face of twentieth-century political science. Their work provoked some of the most important debates in modern international relations -- about the rules governing territory, international intervention, and the so-called "democratic peace."Editor Paul F. Diehl has now convened some of the world's foremost international conflict analysis specialists to reassess COW's contribution to our understanding of global conflict. Each chapter takes one of COW's pathbreaking ideas and reevaluates it in light of subsequent world events and developments in the field. The result is a critical retrospective that will reintroduce Singer's important and still-provocative findings to a new generation of students and specialists.Paul F. Diehl is Professor of Political Science and University Distinguished Scholar at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.

United in the conviction that effective theoretical inquiry in international relations requires the establishment of valid and reliable indicators, and the comprehensive data sets that derive from them, participants in the COW Project have developed and analyzed research methods of use to scholars in all areas of the social sciences.This collection of essays details the achievements of the COW Project in data generation and the construction of indicators for such elusive but key concepts as power, polarity, and war. The volume begins with an overview of the principles of data generation and measurement in the social sciences. Contributors discuss methodological difficulties and offer evaluation and comparison of key measures in relation to national attributes, systemic attributes, alliances among nations, and militarized disputes.Measuring the Correlates of War presents a broad and clear analysis of the efforts to improve the methodologies of conflict analysis and points the way for the evolution and direction of further research.

Reconstructing Realpolitik assesses what there is of value in the realpolitik approach to understanding world politics, what must be amended ordiscarded, and what might be needed to replace the classic model. Calling realpolitik, or realism, a “cluster of models, assumptions, hunches, hypotheses, and parameter estimates” united only by their common focus on power, the editors challenged their contributors to test elements of the realpolitik model with empirical evidence and to suggest how the model might be revised to make it square with the evidence. The result is a wealth of original, rigorously tested, data-based findings that advance our understanding of this basic paradigm.The coverage is unusually comprehensive: chapters address the onset, escalation, and expansion phases of conflict; different conflict phenomena, such as economic sanctions, interventions, crisis bargaining, and decolonization, besides the more traditional concerns of military disputes, are examined; and the cases represent a variety of different spatial and temporal domains. In the end, Reconstructing Realpolitik shows that realpolitik factors and insights help to explain and predict a variety of international conflict phenomena while at the same time offen producing incorrect or exaggerated results. While realism remains a valuable proposition, it is clear that it fails to encompass several key factors that influence state behavior.Contributors include Robert A. Baumann, Bruce Bueno de Mesaquita, Gary Goertz, Athanasios Hristoulas, Paul Huth, Patrick James, Daniel M. Jones, Charles W. Kegley, Jr., David Lalman, Russell J. Leng, Frederic S. Pearson, Jeffrey J. Pickering, Brian M. Pollins, and Gregory A. Raymond.

As environmental security gains increasing attention, there is a pressing need for rigorous examinations of environmental causes of conflict and the potential for conflict resolution. Environmental Conflict explores the role of environmental degradation or scarcity in intrastate or interstate violent conflict and how cooperative efforts might forestall such undesirable consequences. By presenting cutting-edge conceptual and empirical research examining how environmental factors may influence group and state decisions to employ violence, this book enhances understanding of the possibilities for future conflict and how to prevent it.

As environmental security gains increasing attention, there is a pressing need for rigorous examinations of environmental causes of conflict and the potential for conflict resolution. Environmental Conflict explores the relationship between environmental degradation or scarcity and either intrastate or interstate violent conflict. Informed by theor

This book charts the incidence of territorial changes and military conflicts from 1816 to 1980. Using statistical and descriptive analysis, the authors attempt to answer three related sets of questions:* When does military conflict accompany the process of national independence?* When do states fight over territorial changes and when are such transactions completed peacefully?* How do territorial changes affect future military conflict between the states involved in the exchange?

As environmental security gains increasing attention, there is a pressing need for rigorous examinations of environmental causes of conflict and the potential for conflict resolution. Environmental Conflict explores the role of environmental degradation or scarcity in intrastate or interstate violent conflict and how cooperative efforts might forestall such undesirable consequences. By presenting cutting-edge conceptual and empirical research examining how environmental factors may influence group and state decisions to employ violence, this book enhances understanding of the possibilities for future conflict and how to prevent it.

As environmental security gains increasing attention, there is a pressing need for rigorous examinations of environmental causes of conflict and the potential for conflict resolution. Environmental Conflict explores the role of environmental degradation or scarcity in intrastate or interstate violent conflict and how cooperative efforts might forestall such undesirable consequences. By presenting cutting-edge conceptual and empirical research examining how environmental factors may influence group and state decisions to employ violence, this book enhances understanding of the possibilities for future conflict and how to prevent it.

J. David Singer''s legendary Correlates of War project represented the first comprehensive effort by political scientists to gather and analyze empirical data about the causes of war. In doing so, Singer and his colleagues transformed the face of twentieth-century political science. Their work provoked some of the most important debates in modern international relations -- about the rules governing territory, international intervention, and the so-called "democratic peace." Editor Paul F. Diehl has now convened some of the world''s foremost international conflict analysis specialists to reassess COW''s contribution to our understanding of global conflict. Each chapter takes one of COW''s pathbreaking ideas and reevaluates it in light of subsequent world events and developments in the field. The result is a critical retrospective that will reintroduce Singer''s important and still-provocative findings to a new generation of students and specialists. Paul F. Diehl is Professor of Political Science and University Distinguished Scholar at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.

This book provides the first detailed analysis of international rivalries, the long-standing and often violent confrontations between the same pairs of states. The book addresses conceptual components of rivalries and explores the origins, dynamics, and termination of the most dangerous form of rivalry--enduring rivalry--since 1816. Paul Diehl and Gary Goertz identify 1166 rivalries since 1816. They label sixty-three of those as enduring rivalries. These include the competitions between the United States and Soviet Union, India and Pakistan, and Israel and her Arab neighbors. The authors explain how rivalries form, evolve, and end. The first part of the book deals with how to conceptualize and measure rivalries and presents empirical patterns among rivalries in the period 1816-1992. The concepts derived from the study of rivalries are then used to reexamine two central pieces of international relations research, namely deterrence and "democratic peace" studies. The second half of the book builds an explanation of enduring rivalries based on a theory adapted from evolutionary biology, "punctuated equilibrium." The study of international rivalries has become one of the centerpieces of behavioral research on international conflict. This book, by two of the scholars who pioneered such studies, is the first comprehensive treatment of the subject. It will become the standard reference for all future studies of rivalries. Paul F. Diehl is Professor of Political Science and University Distinguished Teacher/Scholar, University of Illinois. He is the coeditor of Reconstructing Realpolitik and coauthor of Measuring the Correlates of War. Gary Goertz is Assistant Professor of Political Science, University of Arizona, and is the coauthor with Paul Diehl of Territorial Change and International Conflict.

J. David Singer's legendary Correlates of War project represented the first comprehensive effort by political scientists to gather and analyze empirical data about the causes of war. In doing so, Singer and his colleagues transformed the face of twentieth-century political science. Their work provoked some of the most important debates in modern international relations -- about the rules governing territory, international intervention, and the so-called "democratic peace."Editor Paul F. Diehl has now convened some of the world's foremost international conflict analysis specialists to reassess COW's contribution to our understanding of global conflict. Each chapter takes one of COW's pathbreaking ideas and reevaluates it in light of subsequent world events and developments in the field. The result is a critical retrospective that will reintroduce Singer's important and still-provocative findings to a new generation of students and specialists.Paul F. Diehl is Professor of Political Science and University Distinguished Scholar at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.

United in the conviction that effective theoretical inquiry in international relations requires the establishment of valid and reliable indicators, and the comprehensive data sets that derive from them, participants in the COW Project have developed and analyzed research methods of use to scholars in all areas of the social sciences.This collection of essays details the achievements of the COW Project in data generation and the construction of indicators for such elusive but key concepts as power, polarity, and war. The volume begins with an overview of the principles of data generation and measurement in the social sciences. Contributors discuss methodological difficulties and offer evaluation and comparison of key measures in relation to national attributes, systemic attributes, alliances among nations, and militarized disputes.Measuring the Correlates of War presents a broad and clear analysis of the efforts to improve the methodologies of conflict analysis and points the way for the evolution and direction of further research.

Reconstructing Realpolitik assesses what there is of value in the realpolitik approach to understanding world politics, what must be amended ordiscarded, and what might be needed to replace the classic model. Calling realpolitik, or realism, a “cluster of models, assumptions, hunches, hypotheses, and parameter estimates” united only by their common focus on power, the editors challenged their contributors to test elements of the realpolitik model with empirical evidence and to suggest how the model might be revised to make it square with the evidence. The result is a wealth of original, rigorously tested, data-based findings that advance our understanding of this basic paradigm.The coverage is unusually comprehensive: chapters address the onset, escalation, and expansion phases of conflict; different conflict phenomena, such as economic sanctions, interventions, crisis bargaining, and decolonization, besides the more traditional concerns of military disputes, are examined; and the cases represent a variety of different spatial and temporal domains. In the end, Reconstructing Realpolitik shows that realpolitik factors and insights help to explain and predict a variety of international conflict phenomena while at the same time offen producing incorrect or exaggerated results. While realism remains a valuable proposition, it is clear that it fails to encompass several key factors that influence state behavior.Contributors include Robert A. Baumann, Bruce Bueno de Mesaquita, Gary Goertz, Athanasios Hristoulas, Paul Huth, Patrick James, Daniel M. Jones, Charles W. Kegley, Jr., David Lalman, Russell J. Leng, Frederic S. Pearson, Jeffrey J. Pickering, Brian M. Pollins, and Gregory A. Raymond.

As environmental security gains increasing attention, there is a pressing need for rigorous examinations of environmental causes of conflict and the potential for conflict resolution. Environmental Conflict explores the role of environmental degradation or scarcity in intrastate or interstate violent conflict and how cooperative efforts might forestall such undesirable consequences. By presenting cutting-edge conceptual and empirical research examining how environmental factors may influence group and state decisions to employ violence, this book enhances understanding of the possibilities for future conflict and how to prevent it.