Paul Shaffer – författare

Immiserizing Growth Fails the Poor refers to situations where economic growth does not lead to poverty reduction. How should this phenomenon be conceptualized? How often, when, and where does it occur? Why does it occur? Shaffer addresses these three sets of questions drawing on a wide range of theoretical perspectives and empirical approaches.This volume presents a conceptualization of immiserizing growth which combines the notions of failed and malevolent inclusion, being bypassed, and 'avoidably' harmed by growth, respectively. It develops this concept of malevolent inclusion drawing on a debate in philosophy about 'doing and allowing harm'. The analysis proceeds to examine the characteristics and causes of immiserizing growth on the basis of comparable household survey data from the 1990s using multiple poverty lines and time periods, and different measures of growth and poverty.The book also explores theories, processes, and mechanisms of immiserizing growth found in a wide variety of bodies of thought including the classical tradition of political economy (Mathus, Ricardo, and Marx), more recent radical traditions of scholarship, literatures on poverty dynamics, and inclusive growth and empirical case studies. It proceeds to empirically investigate some of the variables uncovered in this literature using cross-country econometric techniques, methods of qualitative comparative analysis and case-studies from sub-Saharan Africa, matched using cluster analysis and situated within a typological framework.

Immiserizing growth occurs when growth fails to benefit, or harms, those at the bottom. It is not a new concept, appearing in some of the towering figures of the classical tradition of political economy including Malthus, Ricardo, and Marx. It is also not empirically insignificant, occurring in between 10% and 35% of cases. In spite of this, it has not received its due attention in the academic literature, dominated by the prevailing narrative that 'growth is good for the poor'. Immiserizing Growth: When Growth Fails the Poor challenges this view to arrive at a better understanding of when, why, and how growth fails the poor.Taking a diverse disciplinary perspective, Immiserizing Growth combines discussion of mechanisms of this troubling economic phenomenon with empirical data on trends in growth, poverty, and related welfare indicators. It draws on political economy, applied social anthropology, and development studies, including contributions from experts in these fields. A number of methodological approaches are represented including statistical analysis of household survey and cross-country data, detailed ethnographic work and case study analysis drawing on secondary data. Geographical coverage is wide including Bolivia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, the People's Republic of China, Singapore, and South Korea, in addition to cross-country analysis.This volume is the first full-length treatment of immiserizing growth, and constitutes an important step in redirecting attention to this major challenge.

This book examines the underlying assumptions and implications of how we conceptualise and investigate poverty. The empirical entry point for such inquiry is a series of research initiatives that have used mixed method, combined qualitative and quantitative, or Q-Squared ( Q²) approaches, to poverty analysis. The Q² literature highlights the vast range of analytical tools within the social sciences that may be used to understand and explain social phenomena, along with interesting research results. This literature serves as a lens to probe issues about knowledge claims made in poverty debates concerning who are the poor (identification analysis) and why they are poor (causal analysis). Implicitly or explicitly, questions are raised about the reasons for emphasising different dimensions of poverty and favouring different units of knowledge, the basis for distinguishing valid and invalid claims, the meaning of causation, and the nature of causal inference, and so forth. Q² provides an entry point to address foundational issues about assumptions underlying approaches to poverty, and applied issues about the strengths and limitations of different research methods and the ways they may be fruitfully combined. Together, the strands of this inquiry make a case for methodological pluralism on the grounds that knowledge is partial, empirical adjudication imperfect, social phenomena complex, and mixed methods add value for understanding and explanation. Ultimately, the goals of understanding and explanation are best served if research questions dictate the choice of methodological approach rather than the other way around.

This book examines the underlying assumptions and implications of how we conceptualise and investigate poverty. The empirical entry point for such inquiry is a series of research initiatives that have used mixed method, combined qualitative and quantitative, or Q-Squared ( Q²) approaches, to poverty analysis. The Q² literature highlights the vast range of analytical tools within the social sciences that may be used to understand and explain social phenomena, along with interesting research results. This literature serves as a lens to probe issues about knowledge claims made in poverty debates concerning who are the poor (identification analysis) and why they are poor (causal analysis). Implicitly or explicitly, questions are raised about the reasons for emphasising different dimensions of poverty and favouring different units of knowledge, the basis for distinguishing valid and invalid claims, the meaning of causation, and the nature of causal inference, and so forth. Q² provides an entry point to address foundational issues about assumptions underlying approaches to poverty, and applied issues about the strengths and limitations of different research methods and the ways they may be fruitfully combined. Together, the strands of this inquiry make a case for methodological pluralism on the grounds that knowledge is partial, empirical adjudication imperfect, social phenomena complex, and mixed methods add value for understanding and explanation. Ultimately, the goals of understanding and explanation are best served if research questions dictate the choice of methodological approach rather than the other way around.

Urban Drainage Practice will provide detailed guidance and practical advice on the design, operation, planning, management and maintenance principles required to address all major urban drainage issues.With the recent flooding incidents in the UK and internationally, and the UK government recommendations following the recent Pitt Review, this is a very topical issue. These recent incidents of recurrent flooding are examined within the book. Each chapter features an illustrative case study that will appeal to practitioners, and text has a strong practical focus throughout.