Peter Day - Böcker

This book provides a comprehensive selection of Michael Faraday's writings, taken from all aspects of his life, intimate and public. It is designed to show the relationships between his many activities, especially with the Royal Institution, for whose bicentenary this collection is published.

Around the world, citizens in local communities are utilising ICTs to underpin the creation of a participatory and democratic vision of the network society. Embedded in the richness and diversity of community practice, a vision of a 'civil network society' is emerging. A society where ICTs are harnessed as tools to improve the quality of life and reflect the diversity of social networks; where people are viewed as citizens, not just as consumers, and where heterogeneity is perceived as a strength rather than a weakness. Community Practice in the Network Society looks at the broad context in which this is happening, presents case studies of local projects from around the world, and discusses community ICT research methodologies. Not only does it highlight the symbiotic relationship between community ICT practice and research, but it also provides evidence supporting the case for the development of more inclusive and participatory pathways to the network society.

Around the world, citizens in local communities are utilising ICTs to underpin the creation of a participatory and democratic vision of the network society. Embedded in the richness and diversity of community practice, a vision of a 'civil network society' is emerging. A society where ICTs are harnessed as tools to improve the quality of life and reflect the diversity of social networks; where people are viewed as citizens, not just as consumers, and where heterogeneity is perceived as a strength rather than a weakness. Community Practice in the Network Society looks at the broad context in which this is happening, presents case studies of local projects from around the world, and discusses community ICT research methodologies. Not only does it highlight the symbiotic relationship between community ICT practice and research, but it also provides evidence supporting the case for the development of more inclusive and participatory pathways to the network society.

This book provides a comprehensive selection of Michael Faraday's writings, taken from all aspects of his life, intimate and public. It is designed to show the relationships between his many activities, especially with the Royal Institution, for whose bicentenary this collection is published.

Contrary to Jesus' wish that his followers 'may all be one', Christianity has become, over time, ever more schismatic.This concise, one-volume dictionary provides information on over a thousand significant denominations and movements, ranging from the mainstream historical churches, for example Roman Catholic and Orthodox, to heretical sects that flourished briefly in the third or fourth centuries to groups that sprang up around charismatic leaders in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Alternatives names are given at the end of entries and are cross-referenced in an Appendix.Such groups include the delightfully named 'Body-felt Salvation Church' in the Torres Strait Islands, with 300 members, and the 'Old Catholic Orthodox Church,' founded in London by (and apparently for) the Most Reverend James Bartholomew Banks, 'known to his friends as 'Piggy' on account of the happy conjunction of his vast inherited wealth and his surname'.The author approaches what might in other hands be a dull catalogue with considerable zest and obvious enjoyment, and the result is a mine of good stories and useful information.

Traditionally, magnetic materials have been metals or, if inorganic compounds such as oxides, of continuous lattice type. However, in recent years chemists have synthesized increasing numbers of crystalline solids based on molecular building blocks in the form of coordination and organometallic complexes or purely organic molecules, which exhibit spontaneous magnetization. In striking contrast to conventional magnets, these materials are made from solutions close to room temperature rather than by metallurgical or ceramic methods. This book, which originates from contributions to a Discussion Meeting of The Royal Society of London, brings together many of the leading international practitioners in the field, who survey their own recent work and place it in the context of the wider fields of magnetism and supramolecular chemistry. All aspects of molecular-based magnets are addressed, including synthesis, structure-property relations and physical properties. Contents include details of the characterization of the first purely organic ferromagnet, the synthesis of high coercivity materials and a unique description of new materials with Curie temperatures well above ambient. A coherent survey of this rapidly developing field for the more general reader, Metal-Organic and Organic Molecular Magnets will also be welcomed by researchers and lecturers in materials science and inorganic or solid state chemistry.

Science and technology are the most potent influences driving the modern world. Most science is done in laboratories but, apart from a generalized image of an anonymous building populated by white-coated figures, few people outside the sciences have any idea how such places come into existence or how they work. This memoir approaches both issues from the author's personal experience. Peter Day's career took him to many countries and laboratories, including the Royal Institution in London, arguably the oldest continuously operating laboratory in the world - and, of course, much else besides. He looks at a selection of these places through the eyes of an 'incomer', trying to understand how they came into being and what makes them tick. He was the first member of his family to go to university and introductory chapters sketch his early life in a small Kentish village and tortuous route into science, along with vignettes of Oxford 50 years ago, a long-lost world. Laboratories, like most other human constructs, are brought into being through the ambition and hubris of individuals, kept going by intellect and sharp elbows, and sometimes brought low by blind egoism.This book shares examples of all these traits of humanity, observed, if not by an outsider then certainly by an incomer. Peter Day is an internationally recognised materials chemist who has received numerous honorary Fellowships, degrees and Academy memberships. From a small village in Kent, his career took him to Oxford and industrial research laboratories in the USA, followed by Directorship of a European institute in France and the Royal Institution in London. As well as many technical papers he has published books and articles about the practise of science, people who carry it out and organisations where it is done.

We often forget that the science underpinning our contemporary civilization is not a marmoreal edifice. On the contrary, at each moment in its development over past centuries, it grew and advanced through the efforts of individuals and the institutions they created. As Director of the Royal Institution and its Davy Faraday Research Laboratory throughout the 1990s, the author had a unique vantage point to observe how places and people condition the way science has been shaped in the past and continues to be today. The author's background as a practicing solid state chemist, with a lively concern for issues engaging public awareness of science, have led him to recognize and celebrate, not just the remarkable contributions and unusual lives of past scientific heroes like Rumford and Faraday, but also their present day successors. Over the years, this insight has resulted in a wide variety of articles and essays, spread through many publications; a selection of these is collected in this book.The tapestry of science does not just consist of facts uncovered about the natural world and the laws that connect them. As perhaps the finest product of the human mind, its substance and direction are strongly conditioned (some might even say determined) by the people drawn to take part in it and the environments in which they work. This book is an edited collection of essays on aspects of the lives of some famous (as well as less well-known) scientists and places where science is carried out, combined with popular accounts of some of the science the author himself has been involved in. Although it focuses on the Royal Institution and some of those associated with it, it ranges more widely to embrace some contemporary scientists known personally to the author, each of whom had an unusual and distinctive career. At the same time, the science itself, while at the cutting edge, is placed firmly in its historical perspective. The essays are collected into themes, each of which is prefaced and put in context by a short introduction.

Research on the interactions of plants and phytopathogenic fungi has become one of the most interesting and rapidly moving fields in the plant sciences, the findings of which have contributed tremendously to the development of new strategies of plant protection. This book offers insight into the state of present knowledge. Special emphasis is placed on recognition phenomena between plants and fungi, parasitization strategies employed by the phytopathogenic fungi, the action of phytotoxins, the compatibility of pathogens with host plants and the basic resistance of non-host plants as well as cultivar-specific resistance of host plants. Special attention is paid to the gene-for-gene hypothesis for the determination of race-specific resistance, its molecular models and to the nature of race non-specific resistance as well as the population dynamics of plants and the evolution of their basic resistance.

Research on the interactions of plants and phytopathogenic fungi has become one of the most interesting and rapidly moving fields in the plant sciences, the findings of which have contributed tremendously to the development of new strategies of plant protection. This book offers insight into the state of present knowledge. Special emphasis is placed on recognition phenomena between plants and fungi, parasitization strategies employed by the phytopathogenic fungi, the action of phytotoxins, the compatibility of pathogens with host plants and the basic resistance of non-host plants as well as cultivar-specific resistance of host plants. Special attention is paid to the gene-for-gene hypothesis for the determination of race-specific resistance, its molecular models and to the nature of race non-specific resistance as well as the population dynamics of plants and the evolution of their basic resistance.

J.P. Dahl: Carl Johan Ballhausen (1926–2010).-  J.R. Winkler and H.B. Gray: Electronic Structures of Oxo-Metal Ions.- C.D. Flint: Early Days in Kemisk Laboratorium IV and Later Studies.- J.H. Palmer: Transition Metal Corrole Coordination Chemistry. A Review Focusing on Electronic Structural Studies.- W.C. Trogler: Chemical Sensing with Semiconducting Metal Phthalocyanines.- K.M. Lancaster: Biological Outer-Sphere Coordination.- R.K. Hocking and E.I. Solomon: Ligand Field and Molecular Orbital Theories of Transition Metal X-ray Absorption Edge Transitions.- K.B. Møller and N.E. Henriksen: Time-resolved X-ray diffraction: The dynamics of the chemical bond.

T. Ziegler: A Chronicle About the Development of Electronic Structure Theories for Transition Metal Complexes.- J. Linderberg: Orbital Models and Electronic Structure Theory.- J.S. and J.E. Avery: Sturmians and Generalized Sturmians in Quantum Theory.- B.T Sutcliffe: Chemistry as a “Manifestation of Quantum Phenomena” and the Born–Oppenheimer Approximation?- A.J. McCaffery: From Ligand Field Theory to Molecular Collision Dynamics: A Common Thread of Angular Momentum.- M. Atanasov, D. Ganyushin, K. Sivalingam and F. Neese: A Modern First-Principles View on Ligand Field Theory Through the Eyes of Correlated Multireference Wavefunctions.- R.S. Berry and B.M. Smirnov: The Phase Rule: Beyond Myopia to Understanding.

J.P. Dahl: Carl Johan Ballhausen (1926–2010).-  J.R. Winkler and H.B. Gray: Electronic Structures of Oxo-Metal Ions.- C.D. Flint: Early Days in Kemisk Laboratorium IV and Later Studies.- J.H. Palmer: Transition Metal Corrole Coordination Chemistry. A Review Focusing on Electronic Structural Studies.- W.C. Trogler: Chemical Sensing with Semiconducting Metal Phthalocyanines.- K.M. Lancaster: Biological Outer-Sphere Coordination.- R.K. Hocking and E.I. Solomon: Ligand Field and Molecular Orbital Theories of Transition Metal X-ray Absorption Edge Transitions.- K.B. Møller and N.E. Henriksen: Time-resolved X-ray diffraction: The dynamics of the chemical bond.

T. Ziegler: A Chronicle About the Development of Electronic Structure Theories for Transition Metal Complexes.- J. Linderberg: Orbital Models and Electronic Structure Theory.- J.S. and J.E. Avery: Sturmians and Generalized Sturmians in Quantum Theory.- B.T Sutcliffe: Chemistry as a “Manifestation of Quantum Phenomena” and the Born–Oppenheimer Approximation?- A.J. McCaffery: From Ligand Field Theory to Molecular Collision Dynamics: A Common Thread of Angular Momentum.- M. Atanasov, D. Ganyushin, K. Sivalingam and F. Neese: A Modern First-Principles View on Ligand Field Theory Through the Eyes of Correlated Multireference Wavefunctions.- R.S. Berry and B.M. Smirnov: The Phase Rule: Beyond Myopia to Understanding.