Philippe Colomban – författare

This book addresses the application of Raman spectroscopic techniques to a range of diverse problems which arise in the study, conservation and restoration of artefacts and sites closely related to our cultural heritage as well as in authentication. These themes are naturally wider than what at first might be considered as artworks and archaeological artefacts and the topics include pigments, paintings, ceramics, glass, sculpture and patination / corrosion, textiles, industrial archaeology, the degradation and preservation of biomaterials, mummies and human skeletal remains. An interesting feature is the inclusion of modern case studies which describe specific problems and approaches to the Raman spectral analysis of items important to our cultural heritage. The text is prefaced with an introduction to the important parameters used in nondestructive Raman measurements and also highlights some future applications based upon novel miniaturised instrumentation for in-field studies andpotential screening work which will identify specimens which would repay further studies in the laboratory. An attempt is made to give a snapshot of the state-of-the-art evolution since the beginning of the technique (1970s) and to point out potential further development. The book is co-edited by three international experts with many years'' experience in the application of Raman spectroscopy to artworks, archaeological artefacts and in the investigation of materials and sites for cultural heritage preservation and each editor has undertaken to write individual chapters and different topics personally. The adopted approach is designed to convey the sort of information which has become available from the adoption of analytical Raman spectroscopy to different problems in the field of cultural heritage preservation through the spectral interrogation of artefacts and how the interpretation of the spectral data can assist museum curators, archaeologists and cultural heritage historians in the preservation and conservation of ancient materials and sites : a particular advantage in this respect is the ability of Raman spectroscopy to determine –generally in a strictly noninvasive procedure - at the laboratory or on-site with mobile instruments, the presence of both organic and inorganic components in a particular specimen together nondestructively without any chemical and mechanical pretreatment being undertaken, which is an essential requirement for rare and valuable samples . An important aside from this work is the means of spectral identification of ongoing biodeterioration and biological colonisation in specimens in storage and the effects of environmental deterioration such as humidity and temperature upon their integrity.

The use of natural mineral and synthetic blue pigments in antiquity for wall paintings and illuminated manuscript historiation evolved into the most suitable blue pigments for the decoration of glazed and enamelled wares (ceramics, glass and metal)  which required a stability at the high temperatures of the kilns used for glazing and firing. Historic literature is often vague regarding the blue pigments used for this purpose. The generic term “cobalt blue” covers a wide range of pigments that were actually used for the decoration  of  faience, majolica, stonewares, earthenwares and porcelains.

This book addresses the application of  elemental and molecular spectroscopic analytical techniques to a range of diverse problems which arise for decorated ceramics, glass and enamels and related artefacts: a history of techniques, provenance and authentication.  The text contains an introduction to the important analytical techniques that are used in destructive and nondestructive analytical measurements and highlights potential future applications based upon novel miniaturised instrumentation for in-situ studies. The book is co-authored by two international experts with many years’ experience in the application of  analysis to artworks and  archaeological artefacts and in the investigation of materials and sites for cultural heritage preservation. Among 19 chapters one is  devoted to an evaluation of the analytical techniques that are used and the pitfalls which can arise in the interpretation of the data. The approach conveys the detailed information which has become available from the adoption of analytical  techniques to diverse problems  through the scientific interrogation of ceramic and related artefacts. Examples are given of how the pigment analysis and sourcing can provide unique information about ancient trade routes and pigment sourcing historically.  A classic instance is provided by the transfer of European enamelling technologies carried out at the beginning of the 17th century in Japan (Arita) and at the turn of the 17th-18th centuries in China by the Jesuits established at the Court of, respectively, the Kyushu island of Daymios and the Chinese Qing Empero Kangxi. It has hence been demonstrated that some of the most beautiful porcelains emanating from Japan and China in this period incorporate blue decoration  with pigments supplied from Europe. The interpretation of the analytical data can assist museum curators, archaeologists, art dealers/experts and cultural heritage historians in the preservation and conservation of ancient materials which have applied blue pigment decoration.