Qiang-Sheng Wu – författare

Management of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis for Mycoremediation and Phytostabilization overviews the many advances that have been made in mycorrhizal research and practice. Many microorganisms are present in plant rhizosphere, among which root-associated mycorrhizal fungi are ancient fungi that have evolved along with the evolution of plants. Mycorrhizal fungi of the soil can colonize more than 80% of terrestrial plant roots, where the mycorrhizal symbiosis helps the host to obtain water and nutrients, in exchange of lipids and sugars from the host plant to the mycorrhizal fungus for its life history. The mycorrhizal extraradical mycelium can extend beyond the root zone, enabling the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. Thus, the reciprocal symbiosis can provide an important technology for crop reduction of fertilizer inputs and environmental stewardship. Mycorrhizal fungal fertilizers have been produced commercially in Europe, Asia, and North America, which provides strong support for mycorrhizal applications in agriculture and environmental field. Therefore, there is a great need to summarize the recent research results and bring them together in a book. This book provides soil scientists and mycorrhizal researchers with a comprehensive overview of new advances in mycorrhizal fungi. It may also serve as a reference for professionals in adjacent fields working in environmental management, microbiology, and crop science.Provides readers with new insights into mycorrhizae, such as lipids as mycorrhizal energy substances, and diversity of mycorrhizal fungi in various environmentsPresents the role of mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable soil scienceHighlights the potential of phytoremediation and mycorrhizal remediation in contaminated soils

Management of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis for Mycoremediation and Phytostabilization overviews the many advances that have been made in mycorrhizal research and practice. Many microorganisms are present in plant rhizosphere, among which root-associated mycorrhizal fungi are ancient fungi that have evolved along with the evolution of plants. Mycorrhizal fungi of the soil can colonize more than 80% of terrestrial plant roots, where the mycorrhizal symbiosis helps the host to obtain water and nutrients, in exchange of lipids and sugars from the host plant to the mycorrhizal fungus for its life history. The mycorrhizal extraradical mycelium can extend beyond the root zone, enabling the absorption of water and nutrients from the soil. Thus, the reciprocal symbiosis can provide an important technology for crop reduction of fertilizer inputs and environmental stewardship. Mycorrhizal fungal fertilizers have been produced commercially in Europe, Asia, and North America, which provides strong support for mycorrhizal applications in agriculture and environmental field. Therefore, there is a great need to summarize the recent research results and bring them together in a book. This book provides soil scientists and mycorrhizal researchers with a comprehensive overview of new advances in mycorrhizal fungi. It may also serve as a reference for professionals in adjacent fields working in environmental management, microbiology, and crop science.- Provides readers with new insights into mycorrhizae, such as lipids as mycorrhizal energy substances, and diversity of mycorrhizal fungi in various environments- Presents the role of mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable soil science- Highlights the potential of phytoremediation and mycorrhizal remediation in contaminated soils

Plant growth regulators consist of organic molecules produced synthetically and used to modulate plant growth. There are several classes of plant growth regulators, including auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, cytokinins, salicylic, jasmonic acid and ethylene, as well as more recently investigated brassinosteroids, strigolactones, polyamine, etc. These plant growth regulators have either promoting or inhibitory effects on plant growth and development by means of modification in plant secondary metabolism and gene regulation. Some of plant growth regulators may have safe issues in fields. More attention should be paid in the application of plant growth regulators. Researchers also try to find other regulators to do more field experiments, in order to reduce the amount of organic chemicals (e.g., traditional plant growth regulators) used. This book discusses the function, types, uses and safety of plant growth regulators. The effects of plant growth regulators on horticultural plants are specially introduced in this book. Fly ash and soil mycorrhizal fungi-released glomalin also get a lot of attention in this book.

Microorganisms include bacteria, actinomycetes, yeasts, molds, and viruses, among which bacteria are the most prevalent in nature, accounting for 90%-95% of microorganisms. Some microorganisms are visible to the naked eye, such as mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum, etc. Other microorganisms are "acellular organisms" composed of a few components, such as nucleic acids and proteins. Microorganisms are tiny and closely related to humans, comprised of a variety of beneficial and harmful species. The new coronavirus (2019-nCOV) that broke out in 2019 is a large virus family that is highly infectious. The rapid spread of 2019-nCOV globally has made the public recognize the importance of microorganisms in medicine, as well as their involvement in food, industry, agriculture, environmental protection, sports and many other fields. The present book revolves around the introduction to microorganisms and reviews relevant achievements in the field. The book is arranged in six important sections, including (i) quantitative optical microscopy in microbiology, (ii) introduction to important yeast genera in food biotechnology, (iii) nitrogen fixation and plant growth promotion by rhizobia with major emphasis on soybeans in Asia, (iv) endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica and its interaction with horticultural plants, (v) biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tropical Indonesia, and (vi) root rot and continuous cropping obstacles. This book provides important support for graduate students and researchers in the study of microorganisms while summarizing some new advances, particularly in rhizobia.

Endophytes are a group of microorganisms that do not cause obvious disease symptoms to the host plants and include endophytic bacteria, endophytic fungi and endophytic actinomycetes. Among them, endophytic fungi belong to ascomycetes and are widely distributed in mosses, ferns, shrubs, algae, herbs, angiosperms and gymnosperms. Endophytic fungi establish a good mutualistic relationship with their hosts, which is reflected in accelerating plant growth, promoting nutrient uptake, and enhancing resistance to stress. On the other hand, many endophytic fungi produce some secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, phenols, etc., and thus have some pharmacological interventions and therapeutic effects with significant efficacy. The present book revolves around the introduction and potential functions of endophytic fungi in the field. The book presents four important sections, including (i) the introduction of endophytic fungi, (ii) diversity and antimicrobial activity of endophytic fungi from mangrove forests, (iii) positive effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on ornamental plants, and (iv) potential application and assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on fruit trees, vegetable crops, and ornamental crops. This book can provide important support for graduate students and researchers in the study of endophytic fungi. On the other hand, the book also summarizes some new advances, especially in pharmacological interventions of endophytic fungi.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits of biofertilizers as an alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides.Agricultural production has increased massively over the last century due to increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but these gains have come at a price. The chemicals are not only expensive; they also reduce microbial activity in agricultural soils and accumulate in the food chain, with potentially harmful effects for humans. Accordingly, it is high time to explore alternatives and to find solutions to overcome our increasing dependence on these chemicals.Biofertilizers, which consist of plant remains, organic matter and microorganisms, might offer an alternative. They are natural, organic, biodegradable, eco-friendly and cost-effective. Further, the microbes present in the biofertilizers are important, because they produce nutrients required for plant growth (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), as well as substances essential for plant growth and development (e.g., auxins and cytokinins). Biofertilizers also improve the physical properties, fertility and productivity of soil, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers while maintaining high crop yield. This makes biofertilizers a powerful tool for sustainable agriculture and a sustainable environment.The book covers the latest research on biofertilizers, ranging from beneficial fungal, bacterial and algal inoculants; to microbes for bioremediation, wastewater treatment; and recycling of biodegradable municipal, agricultural and industrial waste; as well as biocontrol agents and bio-pesticides. As such, it offers a valuable resource for researchers, academics and students in the broad fields of microbiology and agriculture.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits of biofertilizers as an alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides.Agricultural production has increased massively over the last century due to increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, but these gains have come at a price. The chemicals are not only expensive; they also reduce microbial activity in agricultural soils and accumulate in the food chain, with potentially harmful effects for humans. Accordingly, it is high time to explore alternatives and to find solutions to overcome our increasing dependence on these chemicals.Biofertilizers, which consist of plant remains, organic matter and microorganisms, might offer an alternative. They are natural, organic, biodegradable, eco-friendly and cost-effective. Further, the microbes present in the biofertilizers are important, because they produce nutrients required for plant growth (e.g., nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), as well as substances essential for plant growth and development (e.g., auxins and cytokinins). Biofertilizers also improve the physical properties, fertility and productivity of soil, reducing the need for chemical fertilizers while maintaining high crop yield. This makes biofertilizers a powerful tool for sustainable agriculture and a sustainable environment.The book covers the latest research on biofertilizers, ranging from beneficial fungal, bacterial and algal inoculants; to microbes for bioremediation, wastewater treatment; and recycling of biodegradable municipal, agricultural and industrial waste; as well as biocontrol agents and bio-pesticides. As such, it offers a valuable resource for researchers, academics and students in the broad fields of microbiology and agriculture.

This book reviews the potential mechanisms in arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs), in the hope that this can help arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to be more used efficiently as a biostimulant to enhance stress tolerance in the host plants. AMF, as well as plants, are often exposed to all or many of the abiotic and biotic stresses, including extreme temperatures, pH, drought, water-logging, toxic metals and soil pathogens. Studies have indicated a quick response to these stresses involving several mechanisms, such as root morphological modification, reactive oxygen species change, osmotic adjustment, direct absorption of water by extraradical hyphae, up-regulated expression of relevant stressed genes, glomalin-related soil protein release, etc. The underlying complex, multi-dimensional strategy is involved in morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. The AMF responses are often associated with homeostatic regulation of the internal and externalenvironment, and are therefore critical for plant health, survival and restoration in native ecosystems and good soil structure.

This book reviews the potential mechanisms in arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs), in the hope that this can help arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to be more used efficiently as a biostimulant to enhance stress tolerance in the host plants. AMF, as well as plants, are often exposed to all or many of the abiotic and biotic stresses, including extreme temperatures, pH, drought, water-logging, toxic metals and soil pathogens. Studies have indicated a quick response to these stresses involving several mechanisms, such as root morphological modification, reactive oxygen species change, osmotic adjustment, direct absorption of water by extraradical hyphae, up-regulated expression of relevant stressed genes, glomalin-related soil protein release, etc. The underlying complex, multi-dimensional strategy is involved in morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes. The AMF responses are often associated with homeostatic regulation of the internal and externalenvironment, and are therefore critical for plant health, survival and restoration in native ecosystems and good soil structure.

This book reviews the potential mechanisms in arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs), in the hope that this can help arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to be more used efficiently as a biostimulant to enhance stress tolerance in the host plants.

This edited volume covers all aspects of the latest research in the field of soil formation and its functioning, soil diversity, soil proteomics, the impact of anthropogenic activities on the pedosphere, plant-microbe interactions in the pedosphere, and factors influencing the formation and functioning of the soils. In the pedosphere, all forms of soils possess a particular type of structure and different organic and mineral components. Thus, the pedosphere as a whole plays a significant role in providing unique habitats for a vast diversity of life forms, developing a link between geological and biological substances circulation in the terrestrial ecosystems.  In the processes making available vital mineral elements to plants and supporting human health as various trace elements in the lithosphere are accessed by people through the formation of soils and such soils are utilized for food production. With the depth of information on different aspects of soil, this extensive volumeis a valuable resource for the researchers in the area of soil science, agronomy, agriculture, scientists in academia, crop consultants, policymakers, government from diverse disciplines, and graduate and post-graduate students in the area of soil and environmental science.

This edited volume covers all aspects of the latest research in the field of soil formation and its functioning, soil diversity, soil proteomics, the impact of anthropogenic activities on the pedosphere, plant-microbe interactions in the pedosphere, and factors influencing the formation and functioning of the soils. In the pedosphere, all forms of soils possess a particular type of structure and different organic and mineral components. Thus, the pedosphere as a whole plays a significant role in providing unique habitats for a vast diversity of life forms, developing a link between geological and biological substances circulation in the terrestrial ecosystems.  In the processes making available vital mineral elements to plants and supporting human health as various trace elements in the lithosphere are accessed by people through the formation of soils and such soils are utilized for food production. With the depth of information on different aspects of soil, this extensive volumeis a valuable resource for the researchers in the area of soil science, agronomy, agriculture, scientists in academia, crop consultants, policymakers, government from diverse disciplines, and graduate and post-graduate students in the area of soil and environmental science.

This edited volume covers all aspects of the latest research in the field of soil formation and its functioning, soil diversity, soil proteomics, the impact of anthropogenic activities on the pedosphere, plant-microbe interactions in the pedosphere, and factors influencing the formation and functioning of the soils. In the pedosphere, all forms of soils possess a particular type of structure and different organic and mineral components. Thus, the pedosphere as a whole plays a significant role in providing unique habitats for a vast diversity of life forms, developing a link between geological and biological substances circulation in the terrestrial ecosystems.  In the processes making available vital mineral elements to plants and supporting human health as various trace elements in the lithosphere are accessed by people through the formation of soils and such soils are utilized for food production. With the depth of information on different aspects of soil, this extensive volumeis a valuable resource for the researchers in the area of soil science, agronomy, agriculture, scientists in academia, crop consultants, policymakers, government from diverse disciplines, and graduate and post-graduate students in the area of soil and environmental science.