R. P. Misra – författare

With the 73rd Amendment becoming a part of the Constitution, decentralised justice should have found renewed expression through Nyaya Panchayats. But neither the Constitutional Amendment nor the State Conformity Acts have brought this institution within their ambit. Nyaya Panchayats as Instruments of Justice looks afresh at the Nyaya Panchayats in the emerging context as a system of decentralised justice in relation to the broad objectives of local governance. This book is neither a dry-as-dust judicial document nor a pedantic academician''s thesis. It sets out in plain language a concerned citizen''s analysis of the subject and a seasoned administrator''s well-judged conclusions and recommendations. The aim of the book is to generate, or rather to regenerate, discussion and debate on the question of entrusting specified civil and criminal matters exclusively to Nyaya Panchayats.

This publication titled “Modern International Encyclopaedia pf Social Work” deals with the said subject of social work in its totality. This Encyclopaedia contains following 12 volumes: 1. Administration of Social Work; 2. Principles of Social Work; 3. Practices of Social Work; 4. Areas of Social Work; 5. Social Work Theories and Models; 6. Organizing Community for Social Work; 7. Social Welfare System; 8. Code of Ethics of Social Work and Social Workers; 9. Methods of Social Work and Participation; 10. Social Problems in India and Social Work; 11. Social Development, Social Policy and Social Work; 12. Social Research, Gandhi and Social Work Theory. It is anticipated that this Encyclopaedia could spark a dialogue leading ultimately to a universally accepted set of community practice techniques in social work.

One of the major objectives of Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie, which imparts training to Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officers, is not only to sensitize them towards the plight of rural people, but also to equip them with an in-depth understanding of rural issues. The IAS officer trainees are required to prepare a village study report as a part of their district assignments after conducting extensive questionnaire-based household survey. This four-volume series of Socio-Economic Profile of Rural India is based on the village study reports of IAS trainees. Volume one on South India, published in the year 2002, contains papers of the States of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Volume two on North-East India, published in the year 2004, covers the states of Assam, Manipur, Tripura and Nagaland. The present volume on North-Central and Western India, having study reports of the States of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat and Maharashtra, addresses issues like demographic features, socio-cultural aspects, health, gender inequality, agrarian relationship, land reforms, occupational pattern, poverty and local government. The last volume (Vol. IV), pertaining to Eastern India (Bihar, Orissa, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal) is in the pipeline.

The main aim of the present study is to analyse the urban structure, process, spatial mobility and linkage patterns of a medium sized city. The study takes into account the views of Dickinson''s City-region concept, Berry''s Spatial Behavioural Patterns and Smailes''s Urban Structure. The book attempt to synthesize the detailed descriptive account of the urban land-use functions and their dynamic features, general characteristics of economic flow patterns and movement patterns as a whole. Making a discreet use of quantitative methods, the study aims at an understanding of the urban landscape of Nasik city and its functioning in the city system of north-west Maharashtra. The city has also been compared with similar sized cities of India in terms of their urban attributes. The Union government''s plan to develop 200 medium sized towns (with a population of a lakh and above), which will act as a counter magnet and stem the flow of migrants to metropolitan cities, is not new. The present study was undertaken when the plan was first mooted a couple of years ago as a potential solution for releasing the pressure on the rapidly growing Bombay metropolis. This book will be useful to planners, administrators, entrepreneurs, social scientists, and researchers engaged in urban management.

The seventeen papers in this volume, presented at a national seminar, held at St. Joseph''s College, Jakhama, Nagaland, attempt to explore the ways and means which directly or indirectly help in remodelling village economy in North-East India. Including the social and cultural variables'' besides conventional development models, the contributors deliberate on social norms, institutions and participations; education and human resource development; infrastructure and bio-resource conservation; micro-finance and rural development; and food and agriculture.

This study is an attempt to explain the changes in public policy in democratic systems. It presents an argument that there is an interdependent or exchange relationship between the choices of the policy-makers and trie policy -takers. Periodic elections and the political parties arc important institutional mechanisms which make the exchange relationship possible. The policy-makers use the policy as an instrument to provide inducements to their own supporters. The structure of the market for political exchange is characterised as monopolistic competition. The policy-makers are assumed to maximise the probability of re election while the policy-takers are assumed to maximise the benefit and minimise the costs from a policy. These assumptions lead to a number of propositions about the conditions of a policy change. These propositions alongwith those emerging from the socio-economic and the political factors arc tested using data from twenty-one contemporary democratic regimes between 1952-1980. These analyses confirm the contention that political exchange plays an important part as a determinant of policy outcomes.

This set of volumes is based on a UNCRD study of the impact of national policies and programmes on rural development in eight developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America.The Brazilian phenomenon of rural poverty in the midst of plenty is enigmatic in many ways, but it is true. It is a clear case of mal-development. Brazil is a country of vast natural resources, a part of it still untouched by man. Unlike China and India, it is thinly populated and highly urbanized. It has acquired a strong industrial base. A large section of Brazil''s population—urban as well as rural—is, however, poor and mal-nourished.This volume critically examines the national policies and programmes launched by the government to help the rural poor in the context of the newly emerging class structure and concludes that the process of modernization within the framework of the classical capitalist model has further strengthened the powerful and weakened the powerless. International capital has played a crucial role in the economy of Brazil and in the direction, pace and content of its development.The volume examines in depth the implications of the capitalist model of development for rural municipios and families living in remote Amazonia. Continuing deprivation of the poor is what the Brazilian model of development has produced.Somewhat different is the case of Nigeria with 75 per cent of its 80 million people living in rural areas. Being an oil-rich nation, it has the resources to invest in agriculture, industry and social services. It has, however, failed to manage its resources and neglected its rural economy, so that it depends on imports to feed its people. Many of its development projects did not produce expected results particularly the projects which were initiated and managed by multi-national agencies. The study focuses attention on food and fibres which are becoming scarce in the country and calls for a direct attack on poverty and involvement of the rural people in the planning of their future.

This set of volumes is based on a UNCRD study of the impact of national policies and programmes on rural development in eight developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America.The Brazilian phenomenon of rural poverty in the midst of plenty is enigmatic in many ways, but it is true. It is a clear case of mal-development. Brazil is a country of vast natural resources, a part of it still untouched by man. Unlike China and India, it is thinly populated and highly urbanized. It has acquired a strong industrial base. A large section of Brazil''s population—urban as well as rural—is, however, poor and mal-nourished.This volume critically examines the national policies and programmes launched by the government to help the rural poor in the context of the newly emerging class structure and concludes that the process of modernization within the framework of the classical capitalist model has further strengthened the powerful and weakened the powerless. International capital has played a crucial role in the economy of Brazil and in the direction, pace and content of its development.The volume examines in depth the implications of the capitalist model of development for rural municipios and families living in remote Amazonia. Continuing deprivation of the poor is what the Brazilian model of development has produced.Somewhat different is the case of Nigeria with 75 per cent of its 80 million people living in rural areas. Being an oil-rich nation, it has the resources to invest in agriculture, industry and social services. It has, however, failed to manage its resources and neglected its rural economy, so that it depends on imports to feed its people. Many of its development projects did not produce expected results particularly the projects which were initiated and managed by multi-national agencies. The study focuses attention on food and fibres which are becoming scarce in the country and calls for a direct attack on poverty and involvement of the rural people in the planning of their future.

Public policy is becoming increasingly important in most of the developing countries and the overall development of the society has come to rest on policies pursued by the State. In India a number of public policies for rural development have been launched after the advent of Independence. Of these, the Small Farmers Development Agency (SFDA) is considered a very vital and significant one. Its importance stems from its objective to help the rural poor to cross the poverty line and raise the level of productivity in the rural sector. The SFDA (now called Integrated Rural Development Programme) has been in existence for about a decade and millions of rupees have been spent under this scheme. Therefore, a frank evaluation of this policy is called for which would help us in not only understanding the nature and impact of a public policy but the scope and limitation of this instrument in bringing about socio-economic development. The present study seeks to examine not only the viability and impact of the schemes, but also the adequacy and suitability of the existing administrative structures, the role of the pyraveekar—a middleman—and the participation of the target groups in the programme. In examining these factors a detailed analysis of schemes launched by the SFDA is done and their impact on different categories of target groups, namely the small fanners, the marginal farmers and the agricultural labourers is also studied. It shows how the organisation (including its structures) at the grassroots level and its socio-behavioural dimensions conditions the effectiveness of the SFDA. The study shows how crucial is the role played by the bureaucracy in implementing the anti-poverty programmes. An interesting and important aspect of rural development which has gone unnoticed by the researchers in the field and is brought to light by this study is the pyraveekar, ‘the fixer'', on whom many rural poor depend to get their work done. Finally, the scope for the participation of the target groups in the implementation of the public policy is described in detail. The bock seeks to examine a vital developmental scheme m its larger policy perspective and socioeconomic framework. This is the first in tb series of studies on public policy to be brou'' out by the Centre.

The question of women''s participation in political processes and decision-making bodies forms a key concern of the women''s movement in India. An analysis of the democratic system and representation of various sections of population therein reveals that women lag way behind men. Many studies show that women politicians face problems in their political life totally unknown to their male counterparts. This book presents the study of women legislators of Uttar Pradesh focusing on five main areas; the social profile of women legislators, the routes they have taken to get to their political position, their role performance, the policy areas in which they were involved, the issues they raise in the Assembly and their social and cultural barriers to participate in politics. The book is a longitudinal study of 50 years of women legislators in UP covering right from first elections in 1952 after independence to the latest (fourteenth) elections in 2002. A majority of the women legislators, the study reveals, have political family background and belong to educated and economically well off families. However, due to their low numerical strength, the women''s participation in discussions and Assembly proceedings has been very low. This raises the serious question about women''s reservation in the highest political bodies as more and more women will come from the political strong families. The participation of women from grassroots is lacking, therefore, the need to be brought in from grassroots level and given position of power in the decision making process.

This book seeks to assess the state-of-the-art of participatory rural appraisal (PRA) among the NGOs in Tamil Nadu, with particular focus on efficacy of participatory methods. It finds out the problems and challenges encountered by the NGOs in employing PRA methods in rural development work, and analyses the steps taken by them to overcome such problems and challenges. Also, it ascertains the innovations, if any, attempted by NGOs in the arena of participatory methods. The book will be of great use for development workers, researchers and policy makers.

Contents: Title/Author, Editorial Note, Some application of optical remote sensing in biosciences with emphasis on pollen studies, Sexual system, breeding system and pollination in some tropical plant species, Diversity of hymenopteran pollinators of teak, Effectiveness of bees as pollinators, Pollen and nectar sources of Amegilla bee (Anthophoridae), Pollination ecology of some tropical tree species, An insight into investigations on pearl millet pollen- prospects and challenges, Pollination and breeding ecology of some tropical plant species, Certain airborne fungal spores and their allergenicity.

A ''disease'' is any impairment of normal physiological function affecting all or part of an organism, especially a specific pathological change caused by infection, stress etc., producing characteristic symptoms. As such disease is a condition of the body or a part of it in which functions are disturbed or deranged. A disease may be caused by excess or deficiency or absence a disease agent which can be a substance or a force. The disease causing biological agents are called parasites and their study is called parasitology. Parasites have a direct impact on humans or on domesticated animals that is almost beyond comprehension. The world has become smalle1,and parasites can travel faster. In some instances our own changing social patterns have also created a more favourable environment for parasites. A variety of factors thus make parasitology a subject of increasing concern for the medical profession. No doubt, medical students and physicians as well as other paramedical professionals such as medical technologists, nurses and public health personnel should have a basic grounding in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of human parasitic infection. The aim of the present work has been, and continues to be, to provide such fundamental information.

The credibility of livestock enterprise depends on the productive potential of the livestock which in turn relies on the status of nutrition. As we all know that feeding itself is costing more in livestock industry and so critical care needs to be undertaken in feeding. The important aspect one should learn is to reduce the cost of production of the livestock products and improving the Feed: Gain ratio. An Animal Nutritionist should look into the seriousness of reducing the cost of kg milk production, the cost of kg mutton production, cost of egg production etc. Keeping all these in view, this book is written with a number of varied chapters and is totally divided under seven chapters covering the fundamentals of Animal Nutrition, Feed Technology and related aspects, Applied Nutrition, Ruminant Nutrition in detail, Dairy Cattle Nutrition, Buffalo Nutrition, Sheep and Goat nutrition, Non-ruminant nutrition covering Swine and Poultry feeding in detail. Horse and Quail nutrition are also included. Methane which is considered as the most contributory GHG is presented in a detailed manner including its mitigation techniques. The readers are requested to watch for certain biochemistry topics while dealing with Fundamental Nutrition Certain topics like Metabolic diseases, Maintenance of rumen health, Enzymes, Lignification, Cellulolysis, Direct Fed Microbials (DFM), Voluntary Feed Intake, Toxins in feeds etc are presented in the last chapter as a special mention. As an ultimate say is that we all work is for the sake of farmers. If we can increase the income of the farmers by about Rs 2 per day per animal, our goal is fulfilled I believe.