Rajesh Sharma – författare

In response to the damage caused by a growth-led global economy, researchers across the world started investigating the association between environmental pollution and its possible determinants using different models and techniques. Most famously, the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesizes an inverted U-shaped association between environmental quality and gross domestic product (GDP). This book explores the latest literature on the environmental Kuznets curve, including developments in the methodology, the impacts of the pandemic, and other recent findings.

Researchers have recently broadened the range of the list of drivers of environmental pollution under consideration, which now includes variables such as foreign direct investment, trade expansion, financial development, human activities, population growth, and renewable and nonrenewable energy resources, all of which vary across different countries and times. And in addition to CO2 emissions, other proxies for environmental quality – such as water, land, and ecological footprints – have been used in recent studies. This book also incorporates analysis of the relationship between economic growth and the environment during the COVID-19 crisis, presenting new empirical work on the impact of the pandemic on energy use, the financial sector, trade, and tourism. Collectively, these developments have improved the direction and extent of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis and broadened the basket of dependent and independent variables which may be incorporated.

This book will be invaluable reading for researchers in environmental economics and econometrics.

In response to the damage caused by a growth-led global economy, researchers across the world started investigating the association between environmental pollution and its possible determinants using different models and techniques. Most famously, the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesizes an inverted U-shaped association between environmental quality and gross domestic product (GDP). This book explores the latest literature on the environmental Kuznets curve, including developments in the methodology, the impacts of the pandemic, and other recent findings.

Researchers have recently broadened the range of the list of drivers of environmental pollution under consideration, which now includes variables such as foreign direct investment, trade expansion, financial development, human activities, population growth, and renewable and nonrenewable energy resources, all of which vary across different countries and times. And in addition to CO2 emissions, other proxies for environmental quality – such as water, land, and ecological footprints – have been used in recent studies. This book also incorporates analysis of the relationship between economic growth and the environment during the COVID-19 crisis, presenting new empirical work on the impact of the pandemic on energy use, the financial sector, trade, and tourism. Collectively, these developments have improved the direction and extent of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis and broadened the basket of dependent and independent variables which may be incorporated.

This book will be invaluable reading for researchers in environmental economics and econometrics.

This book highlights the background and fundamentals of nonlinear optical materials in relation to all-optical switching applications. It explains major aspects of nonlinear refractive index and the nonlinear absorption phenomena which are essential to decide the figure-of-merit of various materials for the all-optical switching. Autocorrelation technique, frequency-resolved optical gating, spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction, grating-eliminated no-nonsense observation of ultrafast incident laser light e-fields are discussed to measure the temporal and spectral profiles of the ultrafast pulsed lasers. Advanced nonlinear optical characterization methods such as single- and dual-arm Z-scan, pump-probe and beam deflection techniques are also discussed at length.  The transmission signal obtained in the majority of the nonlinear optical effects is found to be weak which creates hiccups to obtain faster switching speeds. Various solutions are discussed to overcome these existing limitations of the all-optical switching-based devices. Optical nonlinearities in semiconductors, organic molecules and challenges in all-optical switching devices are also addressed in the book.