Richard Lawless – författare

Rapid and uneven change to the fabric of rural life is widespread in modern Middle Eastern countries. Modernisation, usually in the Western model, has often brought major improvements in agricultural technology, education and public health but has also had the effect of weakening the traditional rural economy of many villages and encouraging their growing dependence on external sources of income, most notably oil remittances. This collection of research on the Middle Eastern village looks at the impact on rural life and environment of such factors as the mass exodus of labour to urban centres, emigration, immigration, environmental change and the changing role of women in rural communities – particularly the wives of migrant workers who have to fill a new role in the family structure. State-sponsored agrarian policies have weakened the power of traditional landed interests and together with labour migration have provoked new tension and inequalities in rural society. The book makes clear that the pattern of change has been highly uneven and has served to heterogenise the countryside. As the oil states enter a period of recession and the likelihood of substantial return migration increases, rural communities will need to make further major adjustments and the book examines the tensions this new development is likely to produce.

First published in 1987.

Rapid and uneven change to the fabric of rural life is widespread in modern Middle Eastern countries. Modernisation, usually in the Western model, has often brought major improvements in agricultural technology, education and public health but has also had the effect of weakening the traditional rural economy of many villages and encouraging their growing dependence on external sources of income, most notably oil remittances. This collection of research on the Middle Eastern village looks at the impact on rural life and environment of such factors as the mass exodus of labour to urban centres, emigration, immigration, environmental change and the changing role of women in rural communities – particularly the wives of migrant workers who have to fill a new role in the family structure. State-sponsored agrarian policies have weakened the power of traditional landed interests and together with labour migration have provoked new tension and inequalities in rural society. The book makes clear that the pattern of change has been highly uneven and has served to heterogenise the countryside. As the oil states enter a period of recession and the likelihood of substantial return migration increases, rural communities will need to make further major adjustments and the book examines the tensions this new development is likely to produce.

First published in 1987.

Fourteen specialists from across the European Union discuss current issues regarding Middle Eastern and North African immigrants in Europe, focusing on topics such as immigration legislation, assimilation, integration, multiculturalism, community formation, citizenship, political participation, and religious and cultural identities.This book was previously published as a special issue of the journal Immigrants and Minorities.

Fourteen specialists from across the European Union discuss current issues regarding Middle Eastern and North African immigrants in Europe, focusing on topics such as immigration legislation, assimilation, integration, multiculturalism, community formation, citizenship, political participation, and religious and cultural identities.This book was previously published as a special issue of the journal Immigrants and Minorities.

Written in 1985, at a time when the world oil industry was facing a difficult period of over-supply and falling prices, this book examines some of the most important strategic issues facing both the producers and consumers of oil and gas. A theme underlying al the papers is the need for strengthening the co-operation between producing and consuming nations, especially between the Arab Gulf States and the members of the EU. The security of supply is also examined in the light of regional instability and peace in the Middle East.

Written in 1985, at a time when the world oil industry was facing a difficult period of over-supply and falling prices, this book examines some of the most important strategic issues facing both the producers and consumers of oil and gas. A theme underlying al the papers is the need for strengthening the co-operation between producing and consuming nations, especially between the Arab Gulf States and the members of the EU. The security of supply is also examined in the light of regional instability and peace in the Middle East.

This book covers the contemporary politics and economic development of the four countries of North Africa – Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya. The first part is devoted to contemporary politics and political systems in each of these countries. It traces their political development since independence with the emphasis on the last ten to fifteen years. The second part concentrates on economic developments in each of the four countries. A separate chapter on each state provides a comprehensive analysis of the economic strategies adopted since independence. They discuss the impact of the planning strategies on the structure of the national economies and the social consequences resulting from these economic policies, notably in the field of employment and income distribution.

First published in 1984.