Rudolf Bernhardt – författare

Encyclopedia of Public International Law, 3: Use of Force, War, and Neutrality Peace Treaties (A-M) focuses on hostile inter-State relations and associated questions, including the use of force, war, neutrality, and peace treaties. The publication first elaborates on the Munich Agreement, mines, militias, military reconnaissance, objectives, necessity, government, and forces abroad, mercenaries, liberation movements, land warfare, intervention, international military force, indiscriminate attack, and the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928). The text then ponders on humanitarian law and armed conflict, flags and uniform in wars, enemies and enemy subjects, disarming of belligerents by neutrals, demarcation line, deserters, economic warfare, combatants, contributions, and contraband. The book examines collective punishment, measures, security, and self-defense, boundary settlements between Germany and her western neighbor states after World War II, bombardment, armistice, arms control, Asama Maru incident, air warfare, and alliance. The text is a vital source of data for researchers interested in the use of force, war, and neutrality peace treaties.

Encyclopedia of Public International Law, 5: International Organizations in General, Universal International Organizations, and Cooperation focuses on international governmental organizations and international cooperation of a universal nature. The publication first elaborates on bank for international settlements, Bretton Woods Conference (1944), Customs Cooperation Council, Dumbarton Oaks Conference (1944), financial institutions, and food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. The text then examines industrial property and international protection, Intergovernmental Committee for Migration, international administrative unions, and the International Air Transport Association. Discussions focus on traffic conferences, international protection of intellectual property, historical evolution of legal rules, special legal problem, and evaluation. The manuscript takes a look at the World Intellectual Property Organization, World Health Organization, World Food Council, voting rules in international conferences and organizations, and the Vienna Convention on the Representation of States in their Relations with International Organizations of a Universal Character. Topics include methods of voting, membership, decision-making, foundation and legal basis, functioning, and financing. The text is a valuable source of information for researchers interested in international governmental organizations and international cooperation.

Encyclopedia of Public International Law, 6: Regional Cooperation, Organizations, and Problems focuses on regional organizations, cooperation, and problems, including boundary disputes, membership, and functions of organizations. The publication first elaborates on the American-Canadian Boundary Disputes and Cooperation, American-Mexican Boundary Disputes and Cooperation, Andean common market, League of Arab States, and the Association of South-east Asian Nations. Discussions focus on structure and organization, activities, evaluation, membership, functions, and establishment, objectives, and principles. The text then examines the Balkan Pact of 1953/1954, Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union, Benelux Economic Union, and boundary disputes between China and USSR. The manuscript considers the boundary disputes in Latin America and Africa, Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, European Atomic Energy Community, European Coal and Steel Community, and the European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations. The publication also takes a look at the Economic Community of West African States, European Atomic Energy Community, and the European Atomic Energy Society. The book is a vital source of information for researchers interested in regional organizations, cooperation, and problems.

Encyclopedia of Public International Law, 4: Use of Force, War, and Neutrality Peace Treaties (N-Z) focuses on hostile inter-State relations and associated questions, as well as the use of force, war, neutrality, and peace treaties. The publication first elaborates on warships, wars of national liberation, war materials, laws of war, war correspondent, war and environment, Versailles Peace Treaty (1919), use of force, United Nations peacekeeping system, United Nations forces, and unfriendly act. The text then ponders on trading with the enemy, suspension of hostilities, surrender, submarine warfare, sequestration, self-preservation, self-defense, sea warfare, safety zones, safe-conduct and safe passage, resistance movements, requisitions, and reparations after World War II. The book examines relief actions, recognition of insurgency and belligerency, prisoners of war, threat to peace, peace treaties, means to safeguard peace, pacifism, occupation after armistice, nuclear tests, non-aggression pacts, and neutrality in air warfare, land warfare, and sea warfare. The text is a vital source of information for researchers interested in the use of force, war, and neutrality peace treaties.

Encyclopedia of Public International Law, 2: Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals and International Arbitrations focuses on articles on cases of major importance in international law that have come before international courts and arbitral tribunals. The publication first elaborates on the Abu Dhabi Oil Arbitration, Acquisition of Polish Nationality, Admission of a State to Membership in United Nations, Aramco Arbitration, Argentina-Chile Frontier Case, and Arbitration Award under the Treaty of Finance and Compensation of 1961. The text then takes a look at the Barcelona Traction Case, Buraimi Oasis Dispute, Certain Expenses of the United Nations, Clipperton Island Arbitration, Costa Rica Packet Arbitration, and Customs Regime between Germany and Austria. The manuscript examines the Tinoco Concessions Arbitration, Timor Island Arbitration, Sovereignty over Certain Frontier Land Case (Belgium/Netherlands), Sapphire Arbitration, Railway Traffic between Lithuania and Poland, Preferential Claims against Venezuela Arbitration, and Pious Fund Arbitration. The publication is a dependable source of data for researchers interested in the decisions of international courts and tribunals and international arbitrations.

Rudolf Bernhardt (1925–2021) geriet Anfang Mai 1945 als 20-jähriger Soldat bei Potsdam in sowjetische Kriegsgefangenschaft und durchlebte zwei Jahre in verschiedenen Arbeitslagern nordöstlich von Moskau. Seine in den Lagern entstandenen Notizen fasste er 1947/48 zu einem Manuskript zusammen. Sie protokollieren den von härtesten Lebensbedingungen, Krankheit und Tod bestimmten Alltag der Kriegsgefangenschaft. Teilweise Tag für Tag schildert er die Einzelheiten der Arbeit in den Wäldern, Probleme von Unterbringung und Ernährung sowie Verhaltensmuster und Überlebensstrategien der Gefangenen im sowjetischen Lagerregime.Das 1948 abgeschlossene Manuskript erscheint in unveränderter Form und weist gegenüber vergleichbaren autobiographischen Berichten eine präzise und nüchterne Beobachtung und Sprache aus der Perspektive eines jungen, einfachen Soldaten auf. Ein Nachwort von Prof. Dr. Christoph Bernhardt stellt die Tagebuchaufzeichnungen in den Zusammenhang anderer Berichte aus sowjetischer Kriegsgefangenschaft und der Biographie des Autors, der sich in der Bundesrepublik als führender Völkerrechtler und langjähriger Vize-Präsident des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte einen Namen machte.

Professor Hermann Mosler, former Director of the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, former Judge and Vice­ President of the European Court of Human Rights, Judge of the Interna­ tional Court of Justice from 1976 to 1985, celebrated his 80th birthday at the end of the year 1992. On 22nd January 1993, the Max Planck Institute organized a colloquium in honour of Hermann Mosler, on a topic which is of theoretical as weIl as practical interest: Interim Measures Indicated by International Courts. The participants of the colloquium were outstanding scholars and experts in the area of international dispute settlement. The present publication is based on the colloquium of January 1993. It contains four reports, namelyon the International Court of Justice (Thirl­ way), the Court of Justice of the European Communities (Jacobs), the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (Buergenthal) and the European Court of Human Rights (Bernhardt). Three of the reports were orally pre­ sented and discussed, and they have been revised and expanded for this publication; the report by Thomas Buergenthal could only be submitted in writing. In preparing the colloquium the authors were requested to concentrate their contributions on the following questions : 1. Legal bases for the indication of interim measures (convention, statute, rules of court). 2. Conditions for the indication of interim measures (jurisdiction, compe­ tence, admissibility, urgency, necessity - irreparable damage -; request of the parties andjor indication by the court proprio molu).

Professor Hermann Mosler, former Director of the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law, former Judge and Vice­ President of the European Court of Human Rights, Judge of the Interna­ tional Court of Justice from 1976 to 1985, celebrated his 80th birthday at the end of the year 1992. On 22nd January 1993, the Max Planck Institute organized a colloquium in honour of Hermann Mosler, on a topic which is of theoretical as weIl as practical interest: Interim Measures Indicated by International Courts. The participants of the colloquium were outstanding scholars and experts in the area of international dispute settlement. The present publication is based on the colloquium of January 1993. It contains four reports, namelyon the International Court of Justice (Thirl­ way), the Court of Justice of the European Communities (Jacobs), the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (Buergenthal) and the European Court of Human Rights (Bernhardt). Three of the reports were orally pre­ sented and discussed, and they have been revised and expanded for this publication; the report by Thomas Buergenthal could only be submitted in writing. In preparing the colloquium the authors were requested to concentrate their contributions on the following questions : 1. Legal bases for the indication of interim measures (convention, statute, rules of court). 2. Conditions for the indication of interim measures (jurisdiction, compe­ tence, admissibility, urgency, necessity - irreparable damage -; request of the parties andjor indication by the court proprio molu).

The International Association of Legal Science organized, in 1985, a col­ loquium on the International Enforcement of Human Rights. The meeting took place from August 28-30, in Heidelberg, on the premises of the Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Sciences. Professor Andre Tune, Presi­ dent of the Association, presided. The undersigned acted, respectively, as General Rapporteur for the colloquium and as Director of Scientific Work of the Association. The present volume contains the repons submitted to the colloqium. In addition, a paper on Approaches to Human Rights in Asia, written by Mrs. Yamane, is included. The reports were discussed by the participants during the meeting. (See the list of panicipants on page 159). The discussion was not recorded and is not here summarized. RUDOLF BERNHARDT JOHN ANTHONY JOLOWICZ This volume owes its appearance to Professor Bernhardt and to his colleagues of the Max Planck Institute in Heidelberg. That fact cannot, however, be al­ lowed to prevent it from containing an acknowledgment of a debt of grati­ tude owed by the International Association of Legal Science. As Director of Scientific Work of the Association at the time of the colloquium, I therefore gladly take this opponunity to make two observations.

Das Buch behandelt die Entwicklung, Organisation und Tätigkeiten des Max-Plack-Instituts für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht seit seiner Gründung 1949 bis zum Jahr 2013.