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Each title in The Encyclopedia of Mathematics and Society Singles presents 60-70 articles showing the math behind our daily lives, explaining to students how and why math works, and allowing readers to better understand how disciplines such as algebra, geometry, calculus, and others affect what we do every day. This outstanding reference is appropriate for both high school and undergraduate programs, making the content readily accessible to public library patrons as well.The articles are written in clear language and presented in a uniform, easily readable format. Every article begins with standard, ready reference top matter which includes the category, fields of study (such as geometry, measurements, communication) and a brief summary. The heart of the essay discusses the interconnections of mathematics, including its meaning, history and usage. Every essay ends with a list of sources for further reading and see-also cross-references.

This updated eight-volume set contains essays that cover the 20th century's most important events. With its articles arranged in chronological order, this new edition covers a wide variety of events from national and world politics, wars, civil disturbances, disasters, crimes, business, scientific and medical discoveries and breakthroughs,and other fields. The set's new articles extend the coverage through September 2001 and include stories such as the massacre of the Nepalese royal family by its own crown prince; and the terrorist attacks of September 11 2001 and their aftermath. The top matter offers a summary description ofthe event and defines its significance in a brief sentence. Following that description is a list of the ""what"", ""when"", and ""where"", ""who"" of the event,providing readers with the data on the first page of the article. The text of each 1000 word article is divided into three subsections, the first and second of which detailthe event itself and the background to it,and the last of which, ""Consequences"", identifies both the short-range consequences and the projected long-range impact of the event. The chronological arrangement of the articles not only serves as timeline but also casts light on the social, political,and economic evolution of the world from a collectopn of individual nations to a global community, in which developments in one regions have repercussions inothers.

This new edition of ""Notable American Novelists"" presents biographical sketches and analytical overviews of 145 of the best-known American and Canadian writers of long fiction from the 19th and 20th centuries, arranged alphabetically by name. The set's three volumes survey the novelists, whose works are included in core curricula of high school and undergraduate literature studies. Essays on living authors and all the bibliographies in the articles are updated. About two-thirds of the essays are illustrated with portraits of the writers. ""Notable American Novelists"" features often-studied writers ranging from Nathaniel Hawthorne, Mark Twain, Ernest Hemingway, William Faulkner, and Jack London to Joan Didion and J. D. Salinger. Other important nineteenth century figures include Herman Melville, James Fenimore Cooper, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and George Washington Cable. Among the other major twentieth century writers featured are Sinclair Lewis, Norman Mailer, Joyce Carol Oates, John Irving, E. L. Doctorow, Joseph Heller, Toni Morrison, Vladimir Nabokov, Thomas Pynchon, John Steinbeck, Kurt Vonnegut, and John Updike. One can also find essays on such widely read and popular authors as Stephen King, James Michener, Louisa May Alcott, Larry McMurtry, and Anne Rice. A major addition to this new edition is the inclusion of Canadian novelists: Margaret Atwood, Robertson Davies, Frederick Philip Grove, Margaret Laurence, Mordecai Richler, and Sinclair Ross. Each essay begins with a presentation of reference information: the novelist's birth and death dates and a list of the writer's principal works of long fiction, with publication dates. ""Other literary forms"" then briefly describes genres other than long fiction in which the writer has worked, and an ""Achievements"" section encapsulates the author's central contribution and notes major honors and awards. The major sections of the text follow: ""Biography"" provides a sketch of the author's life, and ""Analysis"" looks at the novelist's work in detail; this section examines central and well-known works in the author's canon and illuminates the themes and techniques of primary interest to the novelist. The longest section in the article, ""Analysis"" is divided into subsections on the writer's major individual works. Following ""Analysis"" is a categorized list, ""Other major works,"" that provides titles and dates of works the author has written in genres other than long fiction, including plays, poetry, short fiction, and nonfiction. Each essay concludes with an updated, annotated bibliography. All articles are signed by the principal writer and, where applicable, by the updating contributor. Three helpful reference features are included at the end of volume 3: a glossary entitled ""Terms and Techniques,"" a time line of the writers' birthdates, and an index.

This title includes in-depth discussions of Margaret Atwood's ""The Handmaid's Tale"". ""The Handmaid's Tale"" won international acclaim when it was first published in 1985; with it, Margaret Atwood won Canada's Governor General's Award as well as the Arthur C. Clarke Award and was nominated for the Booker Prize. Written in the midst of the anti-feminist backlash and the culture wars of the 1980s, readers recognized it as a timely and chilling dystopian novel depicting a future in which the American government has been overthrown by religious fundamentalists who have, in turn, erected a patriarchal theocracy. Though Atwood had doubts about the novel when she was writing it, and though both conservative and liberal critics have found fault with it, the years following ""The Handmaid's Tale""'s publication have been rich with critical discussion. Edited and with an introduction by J. Brooks Bouson, a widely recognized Atwood scholar, this volume in the ""Critical Insights"" series collects some the novel's best critics to introduce high school students and undergraduates to one of Atwood's most widely read novels. Original essays by Lisa Jadwin and Dominick Grace lend context to the novel by surveying the political and cultural events out of which the novel grew as well as how Atwood's critics have responded to the novel. Two other original essays by Matthew Bolton and Jennifer E. Dunn explore the novel in light the dystopian literary tradition and feminist literary theory. This collection of republished essays continues the conversation as Coral Ann Howells considers the novel's narrative structure and Madonne Miner and Shirley Neuman examine the role of love in the novel. Chinmoy Banerjee addresses the topic of criticism as commodity in the novel, Elisabeth Hansot and Hilde Staels investigate hegemonic and subversive discourses, and Danita J. Dodson reads the story in light of America's Puritanistic past. Finally, Eleonora Rao offers a psychoanalytic reading that focuses on narrative gaps and ambiguities, and Karen F. Stein and Joseph Andriano consider the novel's metafictional elements. Each essay is 5,000 words in length, and all essays conclude with a list of 'Works Cited', along with endnotes. Finally, the volume's appendixes offer a section of useful reference resources: a chronology of the author's life; a complete list of the author's works and their original dates of publication; a general bibliography; a detailed paragraph on the volume's editor; notes on the individual chapter authors; and, a subject index.

A supplement to Salem Press's Careers in Science series, a career-focused series exploring the fields and occupations of physics, chemistry, and other sciences with an emphasis on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) occupations and outlooks, Contemporary Biographies in Physics is a collection of biographies of 'living leaders' in the field of physics. Culled from the pages of Current Biography, the monthly magazine renowned for its unfailing accuracy, insightful selection and the wide scope of influence of its subjects, these up-to-date profiles draw from a variety of resources and are an invaluable source for researches, teachers, students, and librarians.Contemporary Biographies in Physics features 32 profiles of notable people in the field of physics. The coverage is broad and includes figures such as NASA astrophysicist Alan P. Boss, U.S. Secretary of Energy Steven Chu, oceanographic explorer Fabien Cousteau, theoretical physicist Brian Greene, Nobel prize winner Koshiba Masatoshi, astrophysicist Alica Soderberg, biophysicist Luca Turin and many more. In addition, an appendix consisting of 10 historical biographies of 'Great Physicists' is included, as well as geographical and personages indexes.

The Critical Survey of Mythology and Folklore series offers analytical articles and plot summaries of the major myths, fairy tales, and other traditional literature for studies in advanced high school and undergraduate classrooms. The Critical Survey of Mythology and Folklore presents articles on myths, folktales, legends, and other traditional literature. The second title in the series is Heroes and Heroines. Drawing upon the most widely-read literature, as well as introducing to readers overlooked yet significant tales, the theme of the hero and heroine is one of the most universal stories told across cultures. This volume covers a diverse range of countries and cultures, as well as important retellings in the modern tradition. Articles begin with a contextual overview of the important cultural and social currents surrounding the myth and the life of the author. A summary offers readers the major actions and characters in a myth followed by an in-depth analysis drawing upon scholarship in the field. The series is unique in the attention given to the cross-cultural significance of mythology. Sidebars with a brief explanation of mythic characters in sculpture and art provide an added feature to the cultural survey. Myth has long sparked the imagination of poets, dramatists, and other artists as they explore the full dimension of human life. The articles close with an extended introduction and analysis of the many uses of the myth and characters in music, literature, and the arts. Students, educators, and general readers will discover a broad critical and cultural survey that engages the contemporary imagination in the importance of myth, fairy tale, and other traditional literature.

The Introduction to Literary Context series provides introductory overviews of some of the world's best-known works of literature, including novels, short stories, novellas, and poems, placing them in historical, societal, scientific and religious context of their time to deepen understanding and encourage discussion. This volume introduces literary contexts as they apply to American novels written post 1960, by American and Canadian authors, offering high school and undergraduate students a working foundation of literary context designed to prepare them for more critical literary analysis, such as in Critical Insights. br>This new series – Introduction to Literary Context -- provides richly detailed essays on significant American post-modernist novels that are studied by upper high school and undergraduate college students. It includes post-modern works by both American and Canadian authors. This volume includes discussion of 36 novels, including: How the Garcia Girls Lost Their Accent (Julia Alverez); Libra (Don DeLillo); Girl, Interrupted (Susana Kaysan); The Red Tent (Anita Diamant); The Handmaid’s Tale (Margaret Atwood); Neruomancer (William Gibson); The Naked and the Dead (Norman Mailer); Beloved (Toni Morrison); Zombie (Joyce Carol Oates); Rabbit Run (John Updike); and Jailbird (Kurt Vonnegut). Each essay examines these novels through the following categories: Content Synopsis; Societal Context; Scientific & Technological Context; and Biographical Context. Designed to introduce high school and undergraduate students to these literary concepts, this volume is a valuable forerunner to the more rigorous critical analysis provided in Salem’s Critical Insights series. Indeed, many of the novels, authors, and themes covered in Introduction to Literary Context have a companion Critical Insight volume for continued study. The essays in Introduction to Literary Context: American Post-Modernist Novels also include a list of Complementary Texts, Discussion Questions, and Essay Questions to help students get the most out of their study of these novels.

Written for high school and undergraduate students, this series will help students explore their futures, and set goals in these exciting and growing fields.This title examines 20 occupations in hospitality and tourism which encompasses the management, marketing and operations of restaurants, lodging, attractions, recreation events and other travel related services. Careers covered in the text include Chef, Cosmetologist, Fitness Trainer, Florist, Gardener, Hotel Manager, Interior Designer, Pilot, Sailor, Travel Agent, and many more.Chapters provide an inside-look at the career options within a particular profession, including: Overview: Sphere of WorkA Day in the LifeWork Environment: Physical, Human, TechnologicalEducation & Training: Schooling, Licensing, Adult Job SeekersEarnings & AdvancementAreas with the Highest Employment LevelsEmployment OutlookAssociations & Business Contacts to Jumpstart NetworkingPlus… Famous Firsts, Occupation Specialties, Skills & Abilities, Fun FactsConversations with Real Professions, including “What I Wish I Had Known”

Introduction to Literary Context: World Literature provides richly detailed essays on significant works of literature from around the world that are studied by high school and undergraduate college students. With coverage of both novels and works of short fiction, the essays provide an in-depth examination of the most studied, historical and contemporary works of literature from around the world.Each 8-10 page concise essay examines each work through the following categories: Content SynopsisSocietal ContextScientific & Technological ContextBiographical ContextThis volume includes discussion of over 40 novels and works of short fiction, including:The Picture of Dorian Gray(Oscar Wilde); Out of Africa (Isak Dinesen); The Year of Living Dangerously (Christopher Koch); Schindler’s List (Thomas Keneally); Ulysses and Dubliners (James Joyce); The Twyborn Affair (Patrick White); The House of Spirits (Isabel Allende); At Swim-Two-Birds (Flann O’Brien); The Metamorphis (Franz Kafka); The God of Small Things (Arundhati Roy) and Candide, Or, Optimism (Volatire).The essays in Introduction to Literary Context: World Literature also include a list of Additional Contemporary Novels, Discussion Questions, and Essay Ideas to help students get the most out of their study of these works.

Jack Kerouac's On the Road is one of the most famous works produced by a so-called ""beat"" writer—one of a group of nonconformists who shocked many of their contemporaries not only because of the works they produced but also because of the lives they lived. Initially attacked for its celebration of seemingly free-spirited attitudes and behavior, On the Road has lately been increasingly criticized for its allegedly outdated views, especially involving women. This volume examines, among many other topics, why On the Road remained popular for decades after it was published, and why it has been the target of strong criticism, and how that criticism has changed, over the years.

Russian Novelists is a single-volume reference that contains selected essays from Critical Survey of Long Fiction, Fourth Edition. Every article in this set was carefully selected by our editors to provide the best information available about the topic covered.The essays in Russian Novelists discuss such influential writers as Vassily Aksyonov, Maxim Gorky, Alexander Pushkin, and Leo Tolstoy.

Provides readers with a new, interesting way to study the impact of the Vietnam War on American history. Through in-depth analysis of important primary documents from 1956-1975, readers will gain new insight into the causes, issues and lasting effects of this pivotal time in American history.

Great Lives from History: American Women covers prominent individuals from colonial times through the present, offering a fascinating perspective on important women from U.S. history.

Patriotism has long been an important theme in world literature, especially during the era of the so-called "nation-state." Millions of people, motivated by patriotism, have served their countries in many different ways, including in military service in which millions have died. What is patriotism? How has it been defined, embraced, and sometimes rejected? How are various attitudes toward it reflected in literature? These are the kinds of questions this volume will explore from deliberately diverse perspectives.

Thomas Hardy is now universally regarded as one of the most important novelists and poets of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His works often reflect --and helped to create and reinforce --a relatively dark vision of human life, a vision highly characteristic of his era. This volume explores numerous works by Hardy from a rich variety of perspectives. The book examines his writings by relating them to history, philosophy, sociology, economics, gender, and, especially, aesthetics.

Many tell the spirited tales of the American West, describing life in the North American frontier as it moved from its earliest border at the Appalachian Mountain range through Westward expansion to the Pacific coastline. Others write or speak of their rich, varied experiences as members of First People Nations. Each story takes its place in history, part of the development and narrative of America.This volume provides both an overview of and a more in-depth context to the stories of over 100 acclaimed writers. Each entry includes a comprehensive overview of each author's biography and literary career as well as a ready-reference listing of their major works in all genres.Writers in this volume include:Cormac McCarthyBlack ElkBlack HawkSherman AlexieLeslie Marmon SilkoJanet Campbell HalePaul Gunn AllenVine DeloriaJames Fennimore CooperLarry McMurtryWilla CatherKit CarsonMark TwainStephen CraneLouis L’AmourN. Scott MomadayLouise ErdrichJames WelchJoy HarjoCharles EastmanJohn Joseph MathewsLinda HoganTommy Picoand Tommy Orange.Each essay identifies the writer’s major genres, and birth and death dates and places. The volume also includes a Chronological List of Authors; Genre Index; Personages Index; Title Index; Subject Index; and dozens of photographs. Designed to introduce readers at the high school and university level to the rich world of Native Americans and the vivid literature of the American West, this title provides students with careful research and resources to further explore these rich literary traditions.

This volume covers allergies, defined as hypersensitivity to the immune system, and immune disorders, which are dysfunctions of the immune system classified as different from allergies based on immune system disorders. Readers will explore allergies to common allergens, like pollen and certain foods, as well as a variety of immune disorders, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Coverage includes causes, prevalence, and treatments. Topics in this volume include:Signs and symptomsFood allergiesDrug allergiesEnvironmental allergiesGeneticsImmunodeficienciesAsthmaAcute responseLate-phase responseEssays are comprehensive and accessible to high school students, undergraduates, and general readers interested in learning more about allergies, allergens, and immune disorders. Each essay includes multiple subheads including an opening Summary and Further Reading. The volume ends with a Glossary, Bibliography, and Subject Index.

A follow up to the popular first volume of Novels into Film (2018), this new volume adds another 100 significant novels and movie adaptations ranging from classics to contemporary.Novels Into Film: Analysis & Interpretations offers a unique look at how a story makes its way from the printed page to the screen. The 100 novels covered in this work represent a wide range of years, genres, and stories. While most of the films in this work have been adaptedfrom full-length novels, some come from novellas, short stories, or plays.Featured titles include:Crazy Rich AsiansRed SparrowA Wrinkle in TimeLittle WomenThe Native SonThe GoldfinchThe volume begins with an introduction that includes which books make the most successful adaptations and why, and significant differences between books and movies, beyond the obvious. Essays are arranged alphabetically by film title, and each essay offers valuable top matter about both the book (author and date of publication) and the film (year released, director, screenwriter and actors).The body of the essay is divided into detailed sections --Context, Film Analysis, and Significance --and all signed essays end with Further Reading and Bibliography lists. Each detailed essay is made all the more robust with images, including movie posters, stills from the film, and photographs of actors and directors at work.The back matter of the volume includes six significant indexes: Print Works by Title, Print Works by Author, Print Works by Date of First Publication, Films by Screenwriter, Films by Director, and Films by Release Date.The expanded coverage in this new volume will appeal to both book and film lovers alike, as well as offer serious value to film study curricula.

These volumes explore the five freedoms protected in the First Amendment—speech, religion, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government. Together, these five guaranteed freedoms make the people of the United States the freest in the world. There is no age or citizenship requirement to exercise your First Amendment—they are guaranteed the day you are born as long as you are in the U.S. Few Americans would question the importance of the First Amendment, despite the misunderstanding that often swirls around the principles embodied in these freedoms. From the birth of the First Amendment in 1789 to today, most Americans exercise these rights every day.

Julius Caesar is one of William Shakespeare's most famous and important plays, and one of the most frequently taught, especially in high schools. Dealing with one of the most significant events in the history of Rome, the assassination of Julius Caesar and the subsequent end of the Roman Republic, the play has been performed and filmed numerous times. This volume examines the play from many different perspectives, including historical, aesthetic, and comparative points of view, among others, to add to the ongoing lively conversation the play has always stimulated.

Alice Walker's The Color Purple is one of the most celebrated and influential novels in American and African American literature, a rare winner of both the Pulitzer Prize and National Book Award for Fiction, and the inspiration for an acclaimed film adaptation and Broadway musical. In celebration of The Color Purple's fortieth anniversary, this volume offers new readings of the classic literary work from biographical, cultural, historical, and spiritual points of view, with additional analyses devoted to art, adaptations, comparative texts, ethics, linguistics, masculinity, motherhood, poetry, and social activism and movements such as Black Lives Matter.

J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings quickly became one of the most popular and influential novels of the twentieth century. It inspired not just one film but a series of well-received movies that brought Tolkien's highly imaginative fantasy epic to life on the big screen. This volume about the novel discusses the work from numerous points of view, employing biographical, historical, cultural, mythic, and aesthetic approaches, among others.

The Brontë sisters, Charlotte, Emily, and Anne, are well known English poets and novelists of the nineteenth century. This volume closely examines Charlotte's masterpiece Jane Eyre, Emily's influential Wuthering Heights, and Anne's The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, to give readers a deeper sense of the themes throughout these important works and the influences behind their creation. Common themes throughout the sisters' works are love, gender, class, and the intersections of all three, and this volume explores these topics and more, setting the work of the Brontë sisters into various contexts, such as biographical, historical, social, cultural, and aesthetic.

Although J.D. Salinger is especially renowned for his novel The Catcher in the Rye, he has also authored many other noteworthy works, including a number of significant short stories. Salinger is also known for his mysteriously reclusive lifestyle—a lifestyle that only stimulated people's interest in his personality and personal habits. Catcher is one of the most widely-read novels about young people ever written, and today, after 70 years, still remains a celebrated work about alienated youth. This volume examines Salinger and his works from numerous points of view, adopting biographical, historical, sociological, and aesthetic perspectives, among others.

Biology is the natural science that studies life and living organisms. A career in biology can mean the study of evolution, the study of health and disease, the study of the preservation of the natural environment, the study of pollen, or the study of animal behavior, to name a few. Biologists can work in a classroom, in a laboratory, on a farm, or under the ocean, so someone who is interested in a career in this field has many options to choose from.

Broadly speaking, engineers design and build machines, structures, and systems. Its four main branches are chemical engineering, civil engineering, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering. Other significant branches include aerospace engineering, marine engineering, and computer engineering, so students with a career in engineering in mind have a lot to consider when choosing their career path.