Sam Glucksberg – författare

This book examines how people understand utterances that are intended figuratively. Traditionally, figurative language such as metaphors and idioms has been considered derivative from more complex than ostensibly straightforward literal language. Glucksberg argues that figurative language involves the same kinds of linguistic and pragmatic operations that are used for ordinary, literal language. Glucksberg's research in this book is concerned with ordinary language: expressions that are used in daily life, including conversations about everyday matters, newspaper and magazine articles, and the media. Metaphor is the major focus of the book. Idioms, however, are also treated comprehensively, as is the theory of conceptual metaphor in the context of how people understand both conventional and novel figurative expressions. A new theory of metaphor comprehension is put forward, and evaluated with respect to competing theories in linguistics and in psychology. The central tenet of the theory is that ordinary conversational metaphors are used to create new concepts and categories. This process is spontaneous and automatic. Metaphor is special only in the sense that these catagories get their names from the best examples of the things they represent, and that these categories get their names from the best examples of those categories. Thus, the literal "shark" can be a metaphor for any vicious and predatory being, from unscrupulous salespeople to a murderous character in The Threepenny Opera. Because the same term, e.g.,"shark," is used both for its literal referent and for the metaphorical category, as in "My lawyer is a shark," we call it the dual-reference theory. The theory is then extended to two other domains: idioms and conceptual metaphors. The book presents the first comprehensive account of how people use and understand metaphors in everyday life.

How is speech produced and understood in the context of everyday communication?First published in 1975, this book is considered one the best of the early books in this field. The task of psycholinguistics is to discover how people produce and comprehend speech. This encompasses virtually all aspects of psychology, including perceptual, conceptual, and social processes. The authors tried to capture the flavour of this approach to the psychology of language by describing the major contemporary issues, problems, and phenomena, of the time, being dealt with in laboratories and in field studies, and by trying to make sense of the data they had. Experimental Psycholinguistics: An Introduction does not try to deal exhaustively with any one issue in linguistics or in psychology. Rather it tries to integrate the authors’ knowledge of language and language behaviour so that someone entering the field has an intelligible framework with which to start.

Ten leading scholars provide exacting research results and a reliable and accessible introduction to the new field of optimality theoretic pragmatics.

Ten leading scholars provide exacting research results and a reliable and accessible introduction to the new field of optimality theoretic pragmatics. The book includes a general introduction that overviews the foundations of this new research paradigm. The book is intended to satisfy the needs of students and professional researchers interested in pragmatics and optimality theory, and will be of particular interest to those exploring the interfaces of formal pragmatics with grammar, semantics, philosophy of language, information theory and cognitive psychology.DAVID BEAVER Faculty member at the Linguistics Department, Stanford University and Affiliate of the Symbolic Systems Program, USA HELEN DE HOOP Assistant Professor in General Linguistics, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands HANS-MARTIN GRTNER Assistant Director at ZAS, Berlin PETRA HENDRIKS Assistant Professor at the Departments of Dutch and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, Sweden GERHARD JGER Privatdozent, Computational Linguistics Department, Potsdam University HANJUNG LEE Postdoctoral Fellow in the Cognitive Science Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA JASON MATTAUSCH Research Assistant, Zentrum fnr allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, Berlin JENNIFER SPENADER Graduate Student, Computational Linguistics, Department of Linguistics, Stockholm University ROBERT VAN ROOY is a KNAW-Fellow working on the project Games, Relevance and Meaning at the Department of Philosophy of the University of Amsterdam RALF VOGEL Resea rch Assistant, Institute of Linguistics, University of Potsdam