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The Military Balance has been published since 1959. The 2026 edition provides an open-source assessment of the armed forces and equipment inventories of over 170 countries, with accompanying defence economics data. In addition to detailed country data, The Military Balance includes graphics to illustrate defence personnel, equipment and procurement developments. It assesses important defence issues, by region, including Europe’s efforts to address its capability gaps, China’s significant investment in advanced weapons and platforms, including nuclear weapons, and developments in the United States’ force posture. The accompanying wallchart focuses on Russia’s deep-strike systems, with information and drawings of selected ground-based missiles and one-way attack UAVs, as well as a map showing range rings to illustrate the threat. The book draws on the breadth of data in the Military Balance+ online database. The Military Balance and Military Balance+ are indispensable sources of information for those involved in defence and security policymaking, analysis and research.

Survival, the IISS’s bimonthly journal, challenges conventional wisdom and brings fresh, often controversial, perspectives on strategic issues of the moment.In this issue: Nadezhda Arbatova examines the ideology and motivations behind Russia’s neo-Eurasianist project Georg Löfflmann contends that Donald Trump’s foreign policy does not spell the end of the liberal international order but does challenge the notion that liberal hegemony lacks a legitimate alternative Hadi Ajili and Mahsa Rouhi analyse Iran’s military strategy as Tehran continues to alarm neighbours with its regional activities And 12 more thought-provoking pieces, as well as our regular book reviews and noteworthy quotes and statistics ‘In a world of complex security challenges the need for serious, thoughtful analysis is greater than ever. Survival’s combination of elegant writing and rigorous scholarship from the world’s top experts makes it essential reading for both practitioners and academics.’Professor Sir Lawrence Freedman, War Studies King's College London

Strategic Survey analyses the events that shaped relations between major powers, region by region, in the last year, and identifies key themes for policymakers and analysts looking ahead to 2020. The 2019 edition features essays on:· 5G mobile network technology and geopolitics· The fate of the New START agreement· Afghanistan and regional politics after a US withdrawal· The Gulf States’ competition in the Horn of Africa· Putin’s Russia: consolidation and manoeuvre· Iran after Khamenei· Germany, 30 years after the fall of the Wall· Venezuela’s crisis and the challenge of reconstruction

The Armed Conflict Survey provides in-depth analysis of the political, military and humanitarian dimensions of all major armed conflicts, as well as data on fatalities, refugees and internally displaced persons. Compiled by the IISS, publisher of The Military Balance, it is the standard reference work on contemporary conflict.The book assesses key developments in 36 high-, medium- and low-intensity conflicts, including those in Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, South Sudan, Israel–Palestine, Southern Thailand, Colombia and Ukraine.The Armed Conflict Survey features essays by some of the world’s leading experts on armed conflict, including Mats Berdal, Elisabeth Jean Wood, Julia Bleckner, Nelly Lahoud, William Reno and Carrie Manning. They write on:• UN peacekeeping;• conflict-related sexual violence;• the Islamic State’s shifting narrative;• the changing foundations of governance by armed groups; and• rebel-to-party transitions.The authors’ discussion of principal thematic and cross-national trends complements the detailed analysis of each conflict at the core of the book.The Armed Conflict Survey also includes maps, infographics and multi-year data, as well as the IISS Chart of Conflict.

Survival, the IISS’s bimonthly journal, challenges conventional wisdom and brings fresh, often controversial, perspectives on strategic issues of the moment.In this issue:Barry Posen argues that Europe is better placed to defend itself militarily than many, including the IISS, have portrayed it to beKori Schake examines the prospects of Republican politics in a post-Trump AmericaDaniel Byman and Aditi Joshi call for protocols to curb the abuse of social media by malign agents and statesNigel Gould-Davies explains Russia’s stance on Belarus with reference to Moscow’s long history of involving itself in its neighbours’ affairsAnd nine more thought-provoking pieces, as well as our regular book reviews and Noteworthy column.Editor: Dr Dana AllinManaging Editor: Jonathan StevensonAssociate Editor: Carolyn WestAssistant Editor: Jessica Watson

This new IISS Strategic Dossier examines the recent development of Moscow’s armed forces and military capabilities. It analyses the aspirations underpinning Russia’s military reform programme and its successes as well as its failures. The book also provides insights into Russia’s operational use of its armed forces, including in the intervention in Syria, the goals and results of recent state armament programmes, and the trajectory of future developments. This full-colour volume includes more than 50 graphics, maps and charts and over 70 images, and contains chapters on:Russia's armed forces since the end of the Cold WarStrategic forcesGround forcesNaval forcesAerospace forcesRussia’s approach to military decision-making and joint operationsEconomics and industryAt a time when Russia’s relations with many of its neighbours are increasingly strained, and amid renewed concern about the risk of an armed clash, this dossier is essential reading for understanding the state,capabilities and future of Russia’s armed forces.

Strategic Survey 2020 The Annual Assessment of GeopoliticsThe worst pandemic in a century tested governments, strained societies and frayedinternational ties during the year to mid-2020. But there was much more to this periodthan COVID-19. Climate change – another severe global challenge – grew more critical. USPresident Donald Trump was impeached, the United Kingdom left the European Union, andIranian Quds Force commander Qasem Soleimani was killed.Strategic Survey 2020 provides a comprehensive overview of major developments in everyregion of the world, and in-depth analysis of key geopolitical and geo-economic issues:War The US–Taliban agreement to end the United States’ longest war; the persistence ofother complex armed con□flicts.Power China’s growing in□fluence, especially in Europe and the South Paci□fic; Turkey’s forceprojection in the Middle East and beyond; the EU’s quest for strategic autonomy; thenew geopolitics of the Red Sea; the implications of Ethiopia’s giant dam for relationsbetween Nile states; the increasing use of economic sanctions as a tool of statecraft.Rules The decline of multilateralism; prospects for arms control; key gaps in internationallaw; Central Asia’s connectivity; changes in the status of Jammu and Kashmir; duallegitimacy in Venezuela.Strategic Survey 2020 also assesses a diverse range of political leaders: Progress of three ambitious reforming presidents: Cyril Ramaphosa of South Africa,Volodymyr Zelensky of Ukraine and Andrés Manuel López Obrador of Mexico.Foreign-policy legacies of two veteran leaders: Angela Merkel and Abe Shinzo. Trump’s challenges to both the transatlantic relationship and China. Evolution of and prospects for Vladimir Putin’s presidency. Strategic Survey 2020 is the indispensable guide to the events, actors and forces that de□ nedan exceptionally complex year. It highlights the geopolitical issues that will shape theinternational agenda in 2021.

As another presidential election looms, the America’s role in global affairs and security has emerged as one of the campaign’s great battle lines. The struggle not just to define but also to preserve American power is no modern phenomenon: questions of intervention and projection have dominated the nation’s politics from the days of the Founding Fathers. Then, as now, the old centres of power were shifting. Nor is economic stress an unfamiliar factor for policymakers.But in 2012 these problems are compounded by the on-going financial crisis in Europe, which, together with the overstretch and fatigue from two wars, has sapped the strength of America’s chief allies. While it may urge its NATO partners to shoulder more of the security burden, the US finds them less willing and occasionally unable to share the strain. This Adelphi examines the myriad challenges America must confront if it is to uphold and spread its values.

Published each year since 1959, The Military Balance is an indispensable reference to the capabilities of armed forces across the globe. It will be of interest to anyone interested in security and military issues and is regularly consulted by academia, media, armed forces, the private sector and government.Key Elements:1. Data on the military organisations, equipment inventories and defence budgets of 171 countries2. Analysis of major developments affecting defence policy and procurement, and defence economics, arranged region-by-region.3. Key trends in the land, sea and air domains, and in cyberspace4. Selected defence procurement programmes, arranged region-by-region5. Full-colour graphics including maps and illustrations6. Extensive explanatory notes and references7. The hardcopy edition is accompanied by a full-colour wall chartFeatures in the 2021 edition include:- Analytical texts on future maritime competition, battle management systems, China’s civil-military integration and fractures in the arms-control environment- Military cyber capabilities- Analysis of developments in defence policy, military capability and defence economics and industry for China, Egypt, Finland, Indonesia, Russia, Senegal and the United States.- A wallchart illustrating global submarine holdings and key trends in subsurface warfare

Survival, the IISS’s bimonthly journal, challenges conventional wisdom and brings fresh, often controversial, perspectives on strategic issues of the moment.In this issue: Steven Simon argues that despite the violent storming of the US Capitol, Republicans are inclined to commit to minority rule In a special forum, IISS researchers and three other experts consider whether NATO’s European members can defend themselves without US support Hanns W. Maull contends that the coronavirus pandemic has revealed deficiencies of global governance, and analyses their implications for the future of international order Christopher W. Hughes, Alessio Patalano and Robert Ward examine Japan’s grand strategy and Abe Shinzo’s legacyAnd seven more thought-provoking pieces, as well as our regular Book Reviews and Noteworthy column.Editor: Dr Dana AllinManaging Editor: Jonathan StevensonAssociate Editor: Carolyn WestAssistant Editor: Jessica Watson

Survival, the IISS’s bimonthly journal, challenges conventional wisdom and brings fresh, often controversial, perspectives on strategic issues of the moment.In this issue:Marcus Willett examines Russia’s SolarWinds hack and the painful lessons it holds for the United StatesIn a special forum, seven experts consider the purpose and effectiveness of the United Nations, as well as the intricacies of Security Council reform, on its 75th anniversaryPeter Rudolf argues that the United States’ perception of China as a revisionist strategic rival will complicate transatlantic policy coordinationRay Takeyh considers whether the US intelligence community bungled assessments of Iran’s political stability in the late 1970sAnd six more thought-provoking pieces, as well as our regular Book Reviews and Noteworthy column.Editor: Dr Dana AllinManaging Editor: Jonathan StevensonAssociate Editor: Carolyn WestAssistant Editor: Jessica Watson

Survival, the IISS’s bimonthly journal, challenges conventional wisdom and brings fresh, often controversial, perspectives on strategic issues of the moment.In this issue: Anatol Lieven argues that the Taliban will remain the most powerful military and political force among the Pashtuns of Afghanistan Lanxin Xiang contends that, following what he describes as Donald Trump’s racist China policy, the Biden administration must avoid casting China as an alien threat Dani Filc and Sharon Pardo assess that right-wing populists in Israel and Europe have become ideological allies, harnessing ethnic nationalism against global Islam Alex J. Bellamy and Charles T. Hunt analyse the intricacies of the use of force to protect civilians in UN peacekeeping missions And seven more thought-provoking pieces, as well as our regular Book Reviews and Noteworthy column.Editor: Dr Dana AllinManaging Editor: Jonathan StevensonAssociate Editor: Carolyn WestAssistant Editor: Jessica Watson

Survival, the IISS’s bimonthly journal, challenges conventional wisdom and brings fresh, often controversial, perspectives on strategic issues of the moment.In this issue: Daniel Deudney and G. John Ikenberry argue that liberal internationalism is more appropriate to contemporary global realities than the Quincy-coalition restraint James Crabtree explains why the West’s Build Back Better World partnership will be hard-pressed to compete with China’s Belt and Road Initiative Joelien Pretorius and Tom Sauer contend that if states are serious about nuclear disarmament, they should ditch the NPT and join the Ban Treaty instead Sameer Lalwani and Tyler Sagerstrom analyse what the India–Russia defence partnership means for US policyAnd eight more thought-provoking pieces, as well as our regular Book Reviews and Noteworthy column.Editor: Dr Dana AllinManaging Editor: Jonathan StevensonAssociate Editor: Carolyn WestAssistant Editor: Jessica Watson

Survival, the IISS’s bimonthly journal, challenges conventional wisdom and brings fresh, often controversial, perspectives on strategic issues of the moment.In this issue:· Anatol Lieven argues that realist support for prudence and restraint in foreign policy does not equate to chauvinism, isolationism and opposition to international cooperation· Toby Dodge assesses that the United States’ attempt to comprehensively transform Afghanistan was based on its erroneous presumption that the liberal-peacebuilding model was universally applicable· Audrey Kurth Cronin contends that the logic of fighting terrorists far from the US homeland no longer holds, as the US faces resource constraints and rising domestic terrorism· Jens Ringsmose and Sten Rynning analyse the potential priorities and scope of NATO’s next Strategic Concept, and how it can bridge the Alliance’s political–military divideAnd eight more thought-provoking pieces, as well as our regular Book Reviews and Noteworthy column.Editor: Dr Dana AllinManaging Editor: Jonathan StevensonAssociate Editor: Carolyn WestAssistant Editor: Jessica Watson

Survival, the IISS’s bimonthly journal, challenges conventional wisdom and brings fresh, often controversial, perspectives on strategic issues of the moment.In this issue:Gigi Kwik Gronvall examines the contested origin of SARS-CoV-2 and argues that scientific work should be apolitical and globally cooperated, including with ChinaLawrence Freedman contends that while liberalism is in crisis, it should still be better than authoritarianism at adapting to new circumstances, acknowledging salient problems and choosing among alternativesRobert S. Ross argues that Chinese strategists believe Beijing can challenge a strategically weakened United States on the Korean PeninsulaOndrej Rosendorf, Michal Smetana and Marek Vranka assess that persuading the public that nuclear abolition is feasible could strengthen disarmament advocacyAnd nine more thought-provoking pieces, as well as our regular Book Reviews and Noteworthy column.Editor: Dr Dana AllinManaging Editor: Jonathan StevensonAssociate Editor: Carolyn WestAssistant Editor: Jessica Watson

The Asia-Pacific Regional Security Assessment 2021 provides insight into key regional strategic, geopolitical, economic, military and security topics. Among the topics explored are: US−China decoupling and its regional security implications; Japan’s security policy and China; India’s emerging grand strategy; Southeast Asia amid rising great-power rivalry; Australia’s new regional security posture; NATO’s evolving approach to China; The United Kingdom’s ‘tilt’ to the Indo-Pacific; and Emerging technologies and future conflict in the Asia-Pacific.Authors include leading regional analysts and academics Kanti Bajpai, Gordon Flake, Franz-Stefan Gady, Prashanth Parameswaran, Alessio Patalano, Samir Puri, Sarah Raine, Tan See Seng, Drew Thompson, Ashley Townshend, Joanne Wallis and Robert Ward.

The Armed Conflict Survey is the annual review of the political, military and humanitarian dimensions of all active conflicts from the International Institute for Strategic Studies. It offers in-depth analysis of the drivers, dynamics and outlook of 34 current armed conflicts along with detailed information on conflict parties and more than 60 full-colour maps and infographics. The Armed Conflict Survey is an essential resource for those involved in security, foreign and humanitarian policymaking, and an indispensable handbook for anyone conducting serious analysis of armed conflict.Key features· Essays on global trends in armed conflict, with a focus on the changing nature of third-party intervention, the long aftermath of armed conflicts, and economic migration and forced displacement in a COVID-19 world.· Overviews of key events and political and military developments from January 2020–February 2021 for each conflict.· Strategic analysis of national and regional drivers and conflict outlooks.· Regional analyses with unique insights into the geopolitical and geo-economic threads linking conflicts across regions and globally.· Expanded information on conflict parties.· The Armed Conflict Global Relevance Indicator (ACGRI), an IISS proprietary indicator that combines measures of incidence and human impact with geopolitical impact to assess the global salience of armed conflicts.· Analysis of the humanitarian, social and economic impact of conflicts.· Conflict-specific trends, strategic implications and prospects for peace.· More than 60 full-colour maps, tables and infographics highlighting key conflict developments and data.· Key statistics on violent events, fatalities, military power, geopolitical salience, refugees and internally displaced persons.· The 2021 Chart of Armed Conflict, presenting information on conflict start dates, typologies and relevant refugee flows, as well as providing a visual overview of each conflict’s geopolitical relevance, looking at 2020 UN Security Council resolutions, multilateral missions and the involvement of third-party countries.

Strategic Survey 2021: The Annual Assessment of Geopolitics provides objective, in-depth analysis by leading experts of the events, actors and forces driving international relations. It is the indispensable guide for policymakers, business leaders, analysts and academics who need to understand the geopolitical and geo-economic trends shaping the global agenda in 2022 and beyond.Key features· Comprehensive annual review of world affairs from the International Institute for Strategic Studies, the leading international research institute that provides objective analysis of military, geopolitical and geo-economic developments that could lead to conflict.· Covers developments in all regions as well as emerging issues and trends not yet on most radars, and analyses the major themes and forces shaping each continent.· Essays on a comprehensive range of global issues including vaccine diplomacy, digital conflict, Europe’s emerging Asia-Pacific strategies, the rise of carbon neutrality, the prospects for Iran’s nuclear programme, and the future of political Islam.· Drivers of Strategic Change for major states: Verified, comparable data on state power that provides a rich and vivid guide to forces underlying geopolitical change.· Data-rich graphics and maps that provide fresh insights into geopolitical change, and a timeline of the key events of 2020–21.

Published each year since 1959, The Military Balance is an indispensable reference to the capabilities of armed forces across the globe. It is used by academia, the media, armed forces, the private sector and government. It is an open-source assessment of the military forces and equipment inventories of 171 countries, with accompanying defence economics and procurement data. Alongside detailed country data, The Military Balance assesses important defence issues, by region, as well as key global trends, such as in defence technology and equipment modernisation. This analysis is accompanied by full-colour graphics, including maps and illustrations. With extensive explanatory notes and reference information, The Military Balance is as straightforward to use as it is extensive. The 2022 edition is accompanied by a fullcolour wall chart illustrating security dynamics in the Arctic.

The Armed Conflict Survey 2022 provides an exhaustive review of the political, military and humanitarian dimensions of 33 active armed conflicts globally in the period from 1 March 2021 to 30 April 2022. The review is complemented by a strategic analysis of national, regional and global drivers and conflict outlooks, providing unique insights into the geopolitical and geo-economic threads linking conflicts across the world, as well as into emerging flashpoints and political risks. This edition includes a special feature on climate security given the increasingly urgent need to understand the complex interlinkages between climate change, climate vulnerability and conflict amid accelerating global warming. Reflecting the growing importance of geopolitical factors in the current global conflict landscape, The Armed Conflict Survey 2022 features the IISS Armed Conflict Global Relevance Indicator, which compares the global relevance of armed conflicts in terms of their geopolitical impact, as well as their human impact and intensity. This edition also includes maps, infographics and key statistics, as well as the accompanying Chart of Armed Conflict.

Survival, the IISS’s bimonthly journal, challenges conventional wisdom and brings fresh, often controversial, perspectives on strategic issues of the moment.In this issue:· The Ukraine crisis: Robert Hunter argues that the most important requirement of successful US-led negotiations with Russia is that Moscow demonstrate that it is prepared to be a responsible international actor· Erin Sikorsky contends that climate change should have a larger role in the day-to-day national-security agendas of the United States and other countries· Stephan Frühling and Andrew O’Neil warn that current US debates about no first use tend to underplay the broader alliance implications of any shift in US nuclear policy· Rahul Roy-Chaudhury and Kate Sullivan de Estrada assess that, given the 2021 US FONOP targeting India, Washington and New Delhi need to better manage their diverse positions on global governance, especially in the maritime domain· Nien-chung Chang-Liao warns that pragmatism in Chinese foreign policy is waning and considers why Chinese diplomats have become so aggressiveAnd nine more thought-provoking pieces, as well as our regular Book Reviews and Noteworthy column.Editor: Dr Dana AllinManaging Editor: Jonathan StevensonAssociate Editor: Carolyn WestAssistant Editor: Jessica Watson

Survival, the IISS’s bimonthly journal, challenges conventional wisdom and brings fresh, often controversial, perspectives on strategic issues of the moment.In this issue: Nigel Gould-Davies assesses that Russia’s war has not only unleashed countervailing strength among Ukrainians and Ukraine’s supporters, but also shattered myths about Russia’s own strength Paul Meyer considers how an arms race in outer space, where orbital debris is already a cause of concern, might be restrained Kelsey Davenport contends that the US should embed denuclearisation within a broad set of transformational goals in future negotiations with North Korea Jonathan (Yoni) Shimshoni examines the North’s flawed application of a society-centric strategy towards the South during the American Civil WarAnd nine more thought-provoking pieces, as well as our regular Book Reviews and Noteworthy column.Editor: Dr Dana AllinManaging Editor: Jonathan StevensonAssociate Editor: Carolyn WestAssistant Editor: Jessica WatsonEditorial Assistant: Charlie Zawadzki

Survival, the IISS’s bimonthly journal, challenges conventional wisdom and brings fresh, often controversial, perspectives on strategic issues of the moment.In this issue: Robert Dalsjö, Michael Jonsson and Johan Norberg reconsider Russia’s military capability given its recent battlefield performance in Ukraine William Alberque and Benjamin Schreer argue that Finland and Sweden’s NATO membership would, if managed judiciously, bolster deterrence and European security Chuck Freilich contends that encouraging diplomacy is the best of Israel’s limited options for postponing Iran’s nuclear-weapons programme Nicolas Lippolis and Harry Verhoeven assess that if a wave of African defaults materialises in the near future, it will be catalysed more by private-sector manoeuvring and intransigence than by Chinese scheming Dana H. Allin and Erik Jones argue that Russia’s isolation is not a viable endgame for the West, but it may be unavoidable for a generationAnd seven more thought-provoking pieces, as well as our regular Book Reviews and Noteworthy column.Editor: Dr Dana AllinManaging Editor: Jonathan StevensonAssociate Editor: Carolyn WestAssistant Editor: Jessica WatsonEditorial Assistant: Charlie Zawadzki

Survival, the IISS’s bimonthly journal, challenges conventional wisdom and brings fresh, often controversial, perspectives on strategic issues of the moment.In this issue: Alexander K. Bollfrass and Stephen Herzog argue that despite facing major challenges, the global nuclear order remains resilient Maria Shagina assesses Russia’s status as an energy superpower, concluding that it has a bleak future in the long term Erik Jones argues that the war in Ukraine has disrupted the European Central Bank’s ability to operate by consensus Jeffrey E. Kline, James A. Russell and James J. Wirtz contend that the US Navy may struggle to adapt to the pace of technological, social and environmental change Ray Takeyh revisits the Iranian Revolution, finding that Jimmy Carter did not so much ‘lose’ Iran as misunderstand it And five more thought-provoking pieces, as well as our regular Book Reviews and Noteworthy column.Editor: Dr Dana AllinManaging Editor: Jonathan StevensonAssociate Editor: Carolyn WestEditorial Assistant: Charlie Zawadzki

Survival, the IISS’s bimonthly journal, challenges conventional wisdom and brings fresh, often controversial, perspectives on strategic issues of the moment.In this issue: Marcus Willet argues that the Russia–Ukraine war reveals much about the nature of cyber warfare, including the battle for hearts and minds and the role of ‘vigilantes’ Angela Stent contends that Putin badly misjudged how Germany would respond to the war in Ukraine in failing to anticipate that Olaf Scholz would provisionally jettison Ostpolitik Jude Blanchette and Evan S. Medeiros assess likely drivers and characteristics of Xi Jinping’s upcoming third term as Chinese leader Nicholas Crawford and David F. Gordon make the case that the green-energy transition is essential, despite new geopolitical risks caused by ‘greenflation’ Nigel Gould-Davies examines the recent foreign-policy failures of Belarus and Russia and sets out three lessons for a post-war order in the regionAnd five more thought-provoking pieces, as well as our regular Book Reviews and Noteworthy column.

Survival, the IISS’s bimonthly journal, challenges conventional wisdom and brings fresh, often controversial, perspectives on strategic issues of the moment.In this issue: Emile Hokayem contends that strategic divergence between the United States and Saudi Arabia over Iran, regional security and global competition has strained the countries’ relationship Mahsa Rouhi argues that the ongoing protests in Iran triggered by the death of Mahsa Amini are characterised by an unprecedented level of solidarity across the country James Crabtree examines the challenge faced by US policymakers in seeking to build partnerships with like-minded countries in the Indo-Pacific while simultaneously reassuring non-aligned countries that this will not trigger a regional conflict George Magnus makes the case that the consequences of China’s economic problems, including a real-estate bust and high levels of income inequality, will extend far beyond its borders Suzanne Claeys and Heather W. Williams argue for the necessity of nuclear-arms-control arrangements involving the US and Russia and China, even if now is not the time to negotiate formal treaties And six more thought-provoking pieces, as well as our regular Book Reviews and Noteworthy column.Editor: Dr Dana AllinManaging Editor: Jonathan StevensonAssociate Editor: Carolyn WestEditorial Assistant: Charlie Zawadzki